| 11. |
- Olofsson, Ingvar, 1943, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable Bridges: Tillämpning av erfarenheter från ett EU-projekt, slutrapport
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the project was to systematically collect and analyse knowledge about the weaknesses and identified problems of the present European stock of railway bridges. The intention was to further analyse, develop and use this knowledge as a basis for improved design and construction methods of new bridges in Sweden, railway bridges as well asroad bridges.Basic background data is collected within the European project “Sustainable Bridges”, funded by the European Commission within its sixth framework programme, where the project members are actively participating in areas of strategic importance. Background data regarding the Swedish bridges is collected also through the recently launched Swedish bridge management system BaTMan, which is developed, owned and managed by the Swedish Road Administration and The Swedish Railway Authorities. The system is not a final system and some suggestions for improvement are presented.The results of the present project (enhanced methods for design and construction, improved detailing, proposals for amendments to standards etc) may be directly applied by contractors and design consultants and will be beneficial to the end users of the products, i.e. the owners of the bridges. The activities within “Sustainable Bridges” were started 1st of December 2003, with a superficial identification of “lack of knowledge”, as defined by the European railwayowners. A mapping of the European bridge demography was carried out and reported together with a specification of the most frequent problems of the existing bridges. Development work for enhanced assessment methods and improved methods for inspection and monitoring of the bridges followed. In the final phases of “Sustainable Bridges” the activities were concentrated on the identified problem areas and the degree of detailing was at the same time increased.The identified problem areas, as specified by the European railway owners, appear to be very similar to the needs of the Swedish bridge owners in spite of the fact that the studied bridges are geographically distributed over all Europe and its major climate zones. The same conclusion is valid for the defined improvement areas. The results achieved within “Sustainable Bridges” are therefore highly relevant for further development and application also to Swedish bridges and to the design and construction of new Swedish bridges.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Plos, Mario, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Structural assessment of concrete railway bridges
- 2008
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Ingår i: Bridge Maintenance, Safety, Management, Healt Monitoring and Informatics. - 9780415468442 ; , s. 705-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The work presented provides enhanced assessment methods that are able to prove higher load-carrying capacities and longer fatigue lives for existing concrete railway bridges. It was performed as a part of the EU-project Sustainable Bridges. The results are implemented in the Guideline for Load and Resistance Assessment of existing European Railway Bridges, see SB-LRA (2007) and are reported in detail in a background document, see SB4.5 (2007). The work presents improved methods for the determination of in-situ material properties, for deterministic as well as probabilistic assessments. Advanced methods for structural analysis are presented, e.g. regarding combined shear, torsion and bending interaction. Recommendations are given regarding redistribution of sectional moments and forces obtained from linear finite element analysis. One main objective was to facilitate the use of non-linear analysis for structural assessment. This provides the greatest potential to discover any additional sources for load-carrying capacity, and gives a better understanding of the structural response. Another main objective was to provide methods to assess the remaining structural resistance of deteriorated concrete bridges. Recommendations are given on the effect of corrosion and a methodology is presented for assessment of remaining fatigue life, with emphasis on short-span bridges and secondary elements.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Billger, Monica, 1961
(författare)
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Evaluation of a colour reference box as an aid for identification of colour appearance in rooms
- 2000
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Ingår i: Color Research & Application. ; 25:3, s. 214-225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hitherto, methods for visual assessment of colour appearance have not been developed for use in the study of rooms. We seek a practical method that allows one or two observers to characterize a room by identifying the perceived colours. Verbal descriptions are necessary, but lack precision. A magnitude estimation method may enable a more precise location in colour space. However, the need of a group of well-trained observers makes it impractical for room studies. A method involving matches between reference colour samples and the perceived room colours would be ideal. But, reference colour samples require a standard illumination; otherwise, the sample changes colour due to different room light. Hence, a method involving a colour reference box was developed. The colour reference box with its standard source of illumination provides a reference situation, where colour samples can be visually compared with the colours of the room. The study presented is an evaluation of this colour reference box. The crucial problem is that the same color sample in the box is perceived differently, as the observer adapts to various lighting conditions. The aim of the study was to investigate if these different perceptions of the samples could be described and controlled. In the study, 18 observers were asked to visually assess the hue of 15–66 samples, and mark its place in the NCS hue circle. The assessment of the samples was made in two different room lights: incandescent light and simulated daylight. The result of the study showed a clear tendency for the samples, perceived in the box, to shift colour in simulated daylight compared to incandescent light. It was concluded that the problem with the observer's adaptation to the room light can be described and controlled, although complementary studies are needed to quantify the adaptation effect with more accuracy, and to investigate differences in nuance. Thus, it seems that the colour reference box can be used to visually evaluate and describe the differences in colour appearance in different rooms. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 25, 214–225, 2000
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| 16. |
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Kalk & Hantverk för byggnadsvård och nybyggnad : Dokumentation av konferens på Läckö slott 26-27 augusti 1999
- 2000
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kalk har använts i Norden alltsedan det medeltida kyrkobyggandet. Den fortsatta utvecklingen har varit likartad i hela Norden men regionala variationer förekommer. Byggnader murades fram till 1950-talet i huvudsak av tegel och kalkbruk.Efter 1950-talet blev kalk undanträngt av cementsom har visat sig dåligt anpassat till äldre murverk. Brottet i traditionen har lett till en kris i byggnadsvården och kulturvården.Idag är intresset åter väckt både för kalk och murat nybyggande. Boken redovisar dagens läge (1999) inför 2000-talet.
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| 17. |
- Lundin, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Development and validation of a method aimed at estimating building performance parameters
- 2004
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Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - Lausanne : Elsevier. - 0378-7788 .- 1872-6178. ; 36:9, s. 905-914
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a method for estimating the total heat loss coefficient, the total heat capacity and the gain factor based on measured data for the internal-external temperature difference, the domestic load and the supplied heat. Knowledge of these performance parameters is essential for a reliable energy demand forecast, close guidance and the accurate analysis of efficiency actions in buildings. The method was validated on measurements from a test cell. The values obtained for the performance parameters were in good agreement with a lumped capacitance analysis of the heating and cooling of the test cell. The deviation in the total heat loss coefficient, expressed in terms of the root mean square error, was between 2.5 and 9.4%. The values obtained for the total heat capacity were on average 9.8% higher than the reference value and for the gain factor the average deviation was 12.5%. The method shows promising signs of becoming a robust and accurate tool for extracting both the magnitude and the variation of the performance parameters, based on easily accessible data.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Bankvall, Claes, 1942, et al.
(författare)
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Air transport in and through the building envelope
- 2004
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Ingår i: Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Whole Buildings. - 2166-8469.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A national R&D program dealing with air transport in and through the building envelope is presented, including some overviews of results. The program develops predictive models for evaluating air movements in and through the building envelope. These models are coupled to the outside climate and pressure situation and to the inside climate through the interaction with models defining the building services system. A major aim of the program is to analyze problems of relevance to the building process. This includes site inventory, modeling of typical situations, and laboratory testing for input data and to validate the models. The objective is to develop tools to help design and evaluate building elements and to give the necessary foundation for estimating the convective transport of heat and moisture in the envelope, which is decisive for the indoor climate, the consumption of energy, and the durability of the construction. The research program is ongoing and this presentation is to invite communication with others.
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| 20. |
- Sasic Kalagasidis, Angela, 1968
(författare)
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The whole model validation for HAM-Tools—case study: Hygrothermal conditions in a cold attic under different ventilation regimes
- 2004
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Ingår i: Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Whole Buildings. - 2166-8469.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- HAM-Tools is a software library specially constructed for hygrothermal system analysis in building physics. The software is developed as a modular structure of standard building elements and systems using a graphical programming environment. Due to its modular structure and transparency, each of the existing components can be easily changed and adjusted to specific user demands. In order to asses the software’s ability to predict the building hygrothermal response under given climatic and operating conditions, validation tests against measurements have been performed. As a case study, temperature and relative humidity of a cold ventilated attic space in real operating conditions was selected. Validation results are presented as a comparison between measurements and calculations. Parametric sensitivity analyses were performed and necessary adjustments for the missing input parameters have been fully documented. The code has shown a high degree of reliability, both in a qualitative and a quantitative way.
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