| 3011. |
- Steuber, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparison of free and total forms of serum human kallikrein 2 and prostate-specific antigen for prediction of locally advanced and recurrent prostate cancer
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Clinical Chemistry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0009-9147 .- 1530-8561. ; 53:2, s. 233-240
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We evaluated the association of total and free forms of serum human kallikrein 2 (hK2) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) with prostate cancers of unfavorable prognosis. Methods: We retrospectively measured total PSA (tPSA), free PSA (fPSA), and total hK2 (thK2) in preoperative serum samples from 867 men [and assessed free hK2 (fhK2) measured in 577 of these men] treated with radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer. Associations between biomarker concentrations and extracapsular extension, seminal vesicle invasion, and biochemical recurrence (BCR) were evaluated. A subset of patients with PSA <= 10 mu g/L, the group most commonly seen in clinical practice in the US, was analyzed. Results: thK2 was the strongest predictor of extracapsular extension and seminal vesicle invasion (areas under the ROC curve [AUC], 0.662 and 0.719, respectively), followed by tPSA (AUC, 0.654 and 0.663). All biomarkers were significant predictors of BCR. hK2 forms, but not PSA forms, remained highly significant for predicting BCR in the low-PSA group. Combining tPSA, fPSA, and thK2 in a multivariable model improved prediction compared with any biomarker used individually (AUC, 0.711, 0.755, and 0.752 for this combination predicting extracapsular extension, seminal vesicle invasion, and BCR, respectively; P < 0.001 for all). Conclusions: Increased concentrations of hK2 in the blood are significantly associated with unfavorable features of prostate cancer, and thK2 is predictive of locally advanced and recurrent cancer in patients with PSA <= <= 10 mu g/L. Independent of tPSA and fPSA, hK2 predicts unfavorable prognosis. (c) 2007 American Association for Clinical Chemistry
|
|
| 3012. |
- Stoy, Paul C., et al.
(författare)
-
A data-driven analysis of energy balance closure across FLUXNET research sites: The role of landscape scale heterogeneity
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2240 .- 0168-1923. ; 171, s. 137-152
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The energy balance at most surface-atmosphere flux research sites remains unclosed. The mechanisms underlying the discrepancy between measured energy inputs and outputs across the global FLUXNET tower network are still under debate. Recent reviews have identified exchange processes and turbulent motions at large spatial and temporal scales in heterogeneous landscapes as the primary cause of the lack of energy balance closure at some intensively-researched sites, while unmeasured storage terms cannot be ruled out as a dominant contributor to the lack of energy balance closure at many other sites. We analyzed energy balance closure across 173 ecosystems in the FLUXNET database and explored the relationship between energy balance closure and landscape heterogeneity using MODIS products and GLOBEstat elevation data. Energy balance closure per research site (C-EBS)averaged 0.84 +/- 0.20, with best average closures in evergreen broadleaf forests and savannas (0.91-0.94) and worst average closures in crops, deciduous broadleaf forests, mixed forests and wetlands (0.70-0.78). Half-hourly or hourly energy balance closure on a percent basis increased with friction velocity (u.) and was highest on average under near-neutral atmospheric conditions. C-EBS was significantly related to mean precipitation, gross primary productivity and landscape-level enhanced vegetation index (EVI) from MODIS, and the variability in elevation, MODIS plant functional type, and MODIS EVI. A linear model including landscape-level variability in both EVI and elevation, mean precipitation, and an interaction term between EVI variability and precipitation had the lowest Akaike's information criterion value. C-EBS in landscapes with uniform plant functional type approached 0.9 and C-EBS in landscapes with uniform EVI approached 1. These results suggest that landscape-level heterogeneity in vegetation and topography cannot be ignored as a contributor to incomplete energy balance closure at the flux network level, although net radiation measurements, biological energy assimilation, unmeasured storage terms, and the importance of good practice including site selection when making flux measurements should not be discounted. Our results suggest that future research should focus on the quantitative mechanistic relationships between energy balance closure and landscape-scale heterogeneity, and the consequences of mesoscale circulations for surface-atmosphere exchange measurements. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 3013. |
- Strömgren, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
-
Factors shaping workplace segregation between natives and immigrants
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Demography. - : Springer. - 0070-3370 .- 1533-7790. ; 51:2, s. 645-671
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on segregation of immigrant groups is increasingly turning its attention from residential areas toward other important places, such as the workplace, where immigrants can meet and interact with members of the native population. This article examines workplace segregation of immigrants. We use longitudinal, georeferenced Swedish population register data, which enables us to observe all immigrants in Sweden for the period 1990–2005 on an annual basis. We compare estimates from ordinary least squares with fixed-effects regressions to quantify the extent of immigrants' self-selection into specific workplaces, neighborhoods, and partnerships, which may bias more naïve ordinary least squares results. In line with previous research, we find lower levels of workplace segregation than residential segregation. The main finding is that low levels of residential segregation reduce workplace segregation, even after we take into account intermarriage with natives as well as unobserved characteristics of immigrants such as willingness and ability to integrate into the host society. Being intermarried with a native reduces workplace segregation for immigrant men but not for immigrant women.
|
|
| 3014. |
- Stüber, Moritz, et al.
(författare)
-
Multi-scale mosaics in top-down pest control by ants from natural coffee forests to plantations
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0012-9658 .- 1939-9170. ; 102:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While top-down control plays an important role in shaping both natural and agricultural food webs, we lack insights into how top-down control effects vary across spatial scales. We used a multi-scale survey of top-down control of coffee pests and diseases by arboreal ants to examine if colony location creates a small-scale mosaic in top-down control around trees and if the strength of that control varies between sites at the landscape scale. We investigated pest and disease levels on coffee shrubs at different distances from shade trees with and without a Crematogaster spp. ant colony in 59 sites along a coffee management intensity gradient in southwestern Ethiopia. Within sites, ants significantly suppressed herbivory and coffee leaf rust at distances less than 10 m from nesting trees. Top-down control varied between sites, with stronger top-down control of free-feeding herbivory near ant colonies at sites with lower management intensity and stronger top-down control of a skeletonizer at sites with higher canopy cover. We conclude that the strength of top-down control by ants is highly heterogeneous across spatial scales, as a consequence of the biology of the predator at the small scale and herbivore density or changes in herbivore–ant interactions at the landscape scale.
|
|
| 3015. |
- Styhre, Alexander, 1971, et al.
(författare)
-
Management regimes in science-based innovation: control and uncertainty during early phases of new drug development
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Technology Analysis and Strategic Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0953-7325 .- 1465-3990. ; 23:5, s. 567-581
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The international pharmaceutical industry is facing a challenge in terms of being able to deliver new and innovative drugs at lower cost. During the last 10 years, a range of new scientific procedures and technologies has been introduced into the industry, partially derived from the advancement of genomics research. However, to date, few have resulted in new registered drugs. In addition to the new technologies, various managerial techniques and methods have been introduced with the intention of increasing the transparency of operations. This paper reports on a study of how scientists during the early phases of new drug development conceive of this present management regime emphasising quantitative output. Thinking of new drug development as an intellectual pursuit in order to understand the elementary mechanisms of the biological organisms on the molecular level, scientists call for an understanding and adjustment of the managerial techniques structuring this work, accompanied by ambiguities and uncertainty.
|
|
| 3016. |
|
|
| 3017. |
- Styhre, Alexander, 1971, et al.
(författare)
-
Pastoral power in leadership work: the relational leadership idiom in the construction industry
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management. - : Emerald. - 1746-5648. ; 18:1, s. 84-101
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Drawing on the literature on pastoral power, a term introduced by Foucault that denotes a specific form of authority based on the subordinate's open communication regarding aspirations, interests and personal concerns, having the full faith in the leader's care of the subordinate's welfare, this article report empirical material from a study of Swedish construction industry. Design/methodology/approach Leadership practices are contingent on context and situation, and over time, authoritative leadership practices have been complemented by relational leadership that increasingly emphasizes the bilateral communication between manager and subordinate. The more communicative and "soft" leadership idiom may have both benefits and incur unanticipated consequences and conditions that need to be studied on basis of empirical materials. Findings Managers in the construction industry emphasize how subordinates increasingly turn to their closest managers to address a variety of concerns. Even though managers recognizes the value of providing personalized support, there is a risk that such a leadership idiom distract both managers and subordinates, i.e. counseling activities consume too much resources, making agents less prone to fully attend to proper project goals. Originality/value To consider contemporary leadership practices as partially premised on pastoral power provides new analytical possibilities that shed light on how leadership practice needs to correspond with new demands in the corporate setting.
|
|
| 3018. |
- Stöhr, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
-
Intercalation of graphene on SiC(0001) via ion implantation
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Physical Review B. - 1098-0121. ; 94:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electronic devices based on graphene technology are catching on rapidly and the ability to engineer graphene properties at the nanoscale is becoming, more than ever, indispensable. Here, we present a procedure of graphene functionalization on SiC(0001) that paves the way towards the fabrication of complex graphene electronic chips. The procedure resides on the well-known ion-implantation technique. The efficiency of the working principle is demonstrated by the intercalation of the epitaxial graphene layer on SiC(0001) with Bi atoms, which was not possible following standard procedures. The investigation of the obtained graphene system reveals no clear spin-orbit coupling enhancement expected by theory in addition to the presence of residual structural defects. Our graphene/SiC(0001) intercalation procedure puts forward the ion-beam lithography to nanostructure and functionalize desired graphene chips.
|
|
| 3019. |
- Suda, Y., et al.
(författare)
-
Characterization of crystalline TiC films grown by pulsed Nd : YAG laser deposition
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Japanese Journal of Applied Physics. - 0021-4922 .- 1347-4065. ; 39:7B, s. 4575-4576
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Titanium cal bide (TiC) thin films have been grown on Si (100) substrates using a pulsed neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser deposition method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the TiC film shows that substrate temperature is one of the most important parameters in the fabrication of crystalline TiC film. Crystalline TiC films can be prepared at substrate temperatures above 500 degrees C. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) indicates that the surface of the film is very smooth and pinhole-free.
|
|
| 3020. |
- Sumida, K., et al.
(författare)
-
Prolonged duration of nonequilibrated Dirac fermions in neutral topological insulators
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2045-2322. ; 7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Topological insulators (TIs) possess spin-polarized Dirac fermions on their surface but their unique properties are often masked by residual carriers in the bulk. Recently, (Sb1-xBix)(2)Te-3 was introduced as a non-metallic TI whose carrier type can be tuned from n to p across the charge neutrality point. By using time-and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we investigate the ultrafast carrier dynamics in the series of (Sb1-xBix)(2)Te-3. The Dirac electronic recovery of similar to 10 ps at most in the bulk-metallic regime elongated to >400 ps when the charge neutrality point was approached. The prolonged nonequilibration is attributed to the closeness of the Fermi level to the Dirac point and to the high insulation of the bulk. We also discuss the feasibility of observing excitonic instability of (Sb1-xBix)(2)Te-3.
|
|
