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301.
  • Aareleid, Tiiu, et al. (författare)
  • Lung cancer in Estonia in 1968-87 : time trends and public health implications.
  • 1994
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Prevention. - 0959-8278 .- 1473-5709. ; 3:5, s. 419-425
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Changes in lung cancer incidence and mortality in Estonia were studied for 20 years (1968-87). A steady upward trend was observed for men and women. The 1983-87/1968-72 age-standardized incidence rate ratio was 1.22 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-1.29) in men and 1.34 (95% CI 1.16-1.54) in women. The corresponding mortality rate ratio was 1.26 (95% CI 1.18-1.34) in men and 1.35 (95% CI 1.16-1.57) in women. The age-specific incidence and mortality rates increased clearly towards the younger birth cohorts. For men and women, the increase was most evident for the age group 45-64 years. In women there was a more rapid increase in incidence and mortality than in men. It may be a result of a substantial increase of tobacco smoking, particularly among women, after the World War II. The high and still rising occurrence of lung cancer is closely related to the high prevalence of smoking; in addition, high tar yields in domestic cigarettes could have been responsible for an elevated lung cancer risk during the past decades. There is not tobacco control programme in Estonia, and existing legislation and regulations do not defend the non-smoking population.
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302.
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303.
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304.
  • Aaris-Sorensen, K, et al. (författare)
  • Late Pleistocene remains of giant deer (Megaloceros giganteus Blumenbach) in Scandinavia: chronology and environment
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Boreas. - : Wiley. - 1502-3885 .- 0300-9483. ; 33:1, s. 61-73
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This article presents new data on the Late Pleistocene giant deer, Megaloceros giganteus (Blumenbach), describing its distribution in time and space, geographical and sexual variation and general biology. Twenty-three south Scandinavian fossils found in situ in lacustrine sediments or redeposited in glaciofluvial material form the basis of this investigation. Fourteen C-14 dates show that the giant deer inhabited southern Scandinavia in the ice-free late Middle Weichselian from c. 40000 to 28000 BP (the Sandnes Interstadial) and again in the Late Weichselian from c. 12000 to 10700 BP (Older Dryas, Allerod and early Younger Dryas Chronozones), corresponding to a calibrated range from c. 14300 to 12400 cal. yr BP. Osteometric analyses show that the Scandinavian giant deer belonged to the upper size range of the lateglacial Irish population and that a marked sexual dimorphism existed, the males being 10-11% larger than the females. Investigations furthermore point at an antler cycle similar to that among extant northern cervids, and subsequently at a rutting season in autumn. The skeletal remains also prove the occurrence of twin delivery and the possibility of reaching an ontogenetic age of at least 23 years. During both occurrences the Scandinavian giant deer population was part of the northernmost distribution of the species in Europe and the palaeogeographical settings and palaeoenvironmental conditions of the two periods show striking similarities. Clearly, the giant deer were able to colonize and survive in a landscape dominated by grasses and sedges with scattered shrubs and dwarf shrubs. They came as close as 200-250 km to the ice front and their distribution included coastal areas along a cold sea with drifting icebergs. They were present in the area at least from March until November. However, the pure arctic conditions created during the early phase of the Younger Dryas event led to a new local extinction around 10700 C-14 yr BP. This was the beginning of a total Eurasian extinction which, at least in Europe, was completed before the Pleistocene/Holocene transition.
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309.
  • Aarnio, H., et al. (författare)
  • Photoinduced absorption in an alternating polyfluorene copolymer for photovoltaic applications
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Chemical Physics. ; 321:1-2, s. 127-132
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The authors present a detailed study of a novel alternating polyfluorene copolymer, poly[2,7-(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene)-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3-benzo-thiadiazole)], and its blends with the fullerene deriv. [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid Me ester, using continuous wave photoinduced absorption (PA) techniques. The authors also present the use of phase information from the PA measurements for estg. the no. of different photoexcitation types present in the PA spectra as well as their lifetimes. In all blends the PA spectra show a broad high-energy PA band ranging from .apprx.1 to 2 eV as well as a low-energy band at .apprx.0.35 eV. The authors find two kinds of excitations present at 80 DegK, polarons showing dispersive recombination with lifetimes of roughly a millisecond, and a 2nd kind of photoexcitation tentatively assigned to coulombically bound intrachain polaron pairs showing practically nondispersive recombination with a lifetime of .apprx.20 ms. [on SciFinder (R)]
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310.
  • Aarnio, Harri, et al. (författare)
  • Recombination studies in a polyfluorene copolymer for photovoltaic applications
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Synthetic Metals. - : Elsevier BV. - 0379-6779. ; 155:2, s. 299-302
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We present detailed continuous wave (cw) and transient photoinduced absorption (PA) measurements in thin films of a novel alternating polyfluorene copolymer, poly[2,7-(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene)-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3-benzo-thiadiazole)] (DiO-PFDTBT), and its blends with the sol. fullerene deriv. [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid Me ester (PCBM) in wt. ratios of 1:0, 4:1 and 1:4. We measure the frequency, intensity and temp. dependence of the PA signal in the frequency domain, and compare with the results obtained from the transient PA decay measurements in the time domain. In all blends, the PA spectrum shows a broad high energy PA band ranging from .apprx.1 eV to 2 eV as well as a low energy band peaking at .apprx.0.35 eV. We attribute the low energy band to the P1 transition of polarons and part of the high energy band to the correlated P2 transition of polarons. Both frequency and time domain measurements show that the high energy band has two decay components, a faster component in the microsecond time regime and a slower component in the millisecond time regime. The slow component is strongly dispersive, whereas the fast component is practically non-dispersive. [on SciFinder (R)]
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