| 51. |
- Jackson, Jennie, et al.
(författare)
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Biomechanical risk factors for surgically treated ulnar nerve entrapment in a cohort of Swedish male construction workers
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The literature on occupational risk factors for ulnar nerve entrapment (UNE), also called cubital tunnel syndrome is sparse.Objectives: The aim was study the association between occupational biomechanical exposures and UNE.Methods: The occurrence of UNE was examined prospectively in a cohort of 229 689 Swedish male construction workers who participated in a nation-wide occupational health surveillance program between 1971 and 1996. UNE case status was defined on the basis of a surgical release of ulnar nerve entrapment; case data were obtained from a national outpatient database for a 13 year observation period (2001-2013). Individual risk factors considered were smoking status, BMI and age. Biomechanical exposure estimates were assigned at the occupational group level using a job exposure matrix developed specifically for the study and included 10 ergonomic (force/posture/repetition) and 2 hand-arm vibration exposure parameters determined a priori to be relevant to UNE. Relative risks (RR) for all biomechanical factors were modelled using negative binomial regression analyses and adjusted for age, smoking habits and BMI.Results: There were 555 cases of surgically treated UNE in the cohort and the average annual incidence was 19.2 cases per 100,000 person-years. Smoking status (ever vs. never smoker RR=1.28, 95% CI=1.07-1.54) and BMI (≥25 kg/m2 vs. < 25 kg/m2 RR=1.60 , 95% CI=1.34-1.91) were associated with increased risk of UNE. Increased grip force (RR=1.54, 95% CI =1.24-1.92), hand-Arm-vibration (RR=1.35, 95% CI=1.07-1.71) upper extremity load (RR=1.63, 95% CI=1.30-1.92), and increased frequency of hand tool use (RR =1.37, 95% CI=1.09-1.71), elbow flexion and extension (RR=1.36, 95% CI=1.10-1.68), and static work (RR=1.36, 95% CI=1.12-1.65) were also associated with increased risk of UNE.Discussion and Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that multiple biomechanical factors were associated with increased risk of UNE. Many of the identified risk factors involved elevated hand grip force (grip force, upper extremity load, and frequency of hand tool use and hand-arm vibration) which may indicate it is a key etiological aspect of UNE.
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| 52. |
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| 53. |
- Jackson, Jennie, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational biomechanical risk factors for radial nerve entrapment in a 13-year prospective study among male construction workers
- 2019
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Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ Publishing Group. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 76:5, s. 326-331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives The aim was to assess the association between occupational biomechanical exposure and the occurrence of radial nerve entrapment (RNE) in construction workers over a 13-year follow-up period. Methods A cohort of 229 707 male construction workers who participated in a national occupational health surveillance programme (1971-1993) was examined prospectively (2001-2013) for RNE. Height, weight, age, smoking status and job title (construction trade) were obtained on health examination. RNE case status was defined by surgical release of RNE, with data from the Swedish national registry for out-patient surgery records. A job exposure matrix was developed, and biomechanical exposure estimates were assigned according to job title. Highly correlated exposures were summed into biomechanical exposure scores. Negative binomial models were used to estimate the relative risks (RR) (incidence rate ratios) of RNE surgical release for the biomechanical factors and exposure sum scores. Predicted incidence was assessed for each exposure score modelled as a continuous variable to assess exposure-response relationships. Results The total incidence rate of surgically treated RNE over the 13-year observation period was 3.53 cases per 100 000 person-years. There were 92 cases with occupational information. Increased risk for RNE was seen in workers with elevated hand-grip forces (RR=1.79, 95% CI 0.97 to 3.28) and exposure to hand-arm vibration (RR=1.47, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.00). Conclusions Occupational exposure to forceful handgrip work and vibration increased the risk for surgical treatment of RNE.
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| 54. |
- Jackson, Jennie, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational risk factors for hospitalization due to cervical disc disorder in a 29-year prospective study of Swedish male construction workers
- 2019
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Ingår i: PREMUS 2019. ; , s. 168-168
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The aim of this study was to assess the associations between individual and occupational exposure factors and hospitalization for cervical disc disorder (CDD).Methods: CDD was examined prospectively in a cohort of 278 319 Swedish male construction workers who participated in a national health surveillance program (1971-1993). Job title, smoking status, age, height, and weight were recorded on examination. Case data were obtained through linkage with the Swedish national in-patient hospital registry for the period 1987 – 2016; case status was defined by primary diagnosis code M50.0 (ICD-10) or 722.0, 722.4, or 722.7 (ICD-9). A job exposure matrix was developed and occupational exposure estimates were assigned by job title. Self-reported estimates of pain/discomfort from a subset of 87 500 workers were also linked to the database. Poisson regression models were used to estimate the relative risks (RR) for the biomechanical and self-reported factors with adjustment for smoking status, age, BMI and surgical time period.Results: There were 562 cases of hospitalization for CDD; the incidence rate was 8.0 cases per 100 000 during the 29-year follow-up period. Smoking status, age, BMI and height were all associated with increased risk (RR 1.21-3.16). Occupational exposure to static work in non-neutral or extreme neck postures, and time spent in awkward postures showed the highest associations with CDD hospitalization (RR = 1.62 – 2.10). Upper arm load and time with arms above shoulders were also associated with increased risk (RR = 1.50 – 1.58). Workers who reported experiencing pain ‘often’ or ‘very often’ during the previous year for any of the neck, shoulder or upper back regions had a 3-fold increase in risk relative to workers reporting no pain.Conclusions: Occupational non-neutral neck posture was associated with increased risk of hospitalization for CDD. Our data also suggest an exposure-response relationship for self-reported neck pain/discomfort and risk of hospitalization for CDD.
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| 55. |
- Jackson, Jennie, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors for surgically treated cervical spondylosis in male construction workers : a 20-year prospective study
- 2022
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Ingår i: The spine journal. - : Elsevier. - 1529-9430 .- 1878-1632. ; 23:1, s. 136-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Degenerative changes due to cervical spondylosis (CS) can detrimentally affect work ability and quality of life yet understanding of how physical exposure affects disease progression is limited.PURPOSE: To assess the associations between occupational physical exposures and occurrence of surgically treated cervical spondylosis (ST-CS) and early exit from the labour market via disability pension.STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Prospective register study with 20 year follow-up period.PATIENT SAMPLE: Swedish construction workers participating in a national health surveillance project conducted between 1971-1993.OUTCOME MEASURES: Surgically treated cervical spondylosis (ST-CS) and early labour market exit at a minimum rate of 25% time on disability pension.METHODS: Associations between occupational physical exposures (job exposure matrix) and subsequent ST-CS (National Hospital in-patient register) and early labour market exit via disability pension (Swedish Social Insurance Agency register) were assessed in a cohort of male construction workers (n=237,699).RESULTS: A total of 1381 ST-CS cases were present and a 20-year incidence rate of 35.1 cases per 100,000 person years (95% confidence interval (CI) 33.2-36.9). Increased relative risk (RR) for ST-CS was found for workers exposed to non-neutral (RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.15-1.69) and awkward neck postures (1.52, 1.19-1.95), working with the hands above shoulder height (1.30, 1.06-1.60), and high upper extremity loading (1.35, 1.15-1.59). Increased risk was also present for workers who reported frequent neck (3.06, 2.18-4.30) and upper back (3.84, 2.57-5.73) pain in the 12 months prior to survey. Among workers with elevated arm exposure, higher risk was seen in those who also had more frequent neck pain. ST-CS cases took early retirement more often (41.3%) and at a younger age (53 years) than the total study cohort (14.8% and 56 years of age, respectively).CONCLUSIONS: Occupational exposure to non-neutral neck postures, work with hands above shoulders and high loads born through the upper extremities increased the risk for ST-CS and early retirement due to disability. Decreasing postural and load exposure is salient for primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of CS. Neck pain was shown to be a prognostic factor for ST-CS, which stresses the importance of acting early and taking preventative action to reduce workplace exposure, and the need for systematic medical check-ups within primary or occupational care to mitigate disease progression and early labour market exit due to disability.
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| 56. |
- Jansson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Ultrafine Particle Formation from Wear
- 2010
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Ventilation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1473-3315 .- 2044-4044. ; 9:1, s. 83-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Much attention is given to the consequences of airborne particles on human health and well-being. Wear is one source of airborne particles and contributions in the urban environments from wheel-to-rail contacts and disc brakes cannot be neglected. Traditionally, mechanical wear has been associated with the generation of particles of diameters of some microns. However, the research described has found ultrafine particle generation from wear processes. Particle generation from wear was measured under controlled laboratory conditions. The wear was created through sliding contact in a tribometer (type "pin-on-disc") with different materials and with different sliding velocities and pressures, to represent rail traffic and automobile disc braking. Particle concentrations and size distributions in the air were determined for particle diameters from 10 nm up to more than 10 mu m. For most materials and conditions three particle size modes were found: one at 50-100 nm, one at a few hundred nm and one at a few mu m particle diameter.
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| 57. |
- Jansson, Anders, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Ultrafine particle formation from wear
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Ventilation 2009, the 9th International Conference on Industrial Ventilation.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Much attention is given to the consequences of airborne particles on human health and well-being. Wear is one source of airborne particles and contributions in urban environments from wheel-to-rail contacts and disc brakes cannot be neglected. Traditionally mechanical wear has been associated with the generation of particles of diameters of some μm. However, we have also found ultrafine particle generation from wear processes. Particle generation from wear was measured under controlled laboratory conditions. The wear was created through sliding contact in a tribometer (type "pin-on-disc") with different materials and with different sliding velocities and pressures, to represent rail traffic and automobile disc braking. Particle concentrations and size distributions in the air were determined for particle diameters from 10 nm up to more than 10 μm. For most materials and conditions three particle size modes were found: one at 50-100 nm, one at a few hundred nm and one at a few μm particle diameter.
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| 58. |
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| 59. |
- Jonsson, David, et al.
(författare)
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Association between Pain in Adolescence and Low Back Pain in Adulthood : Studying a Cohort of Mine Workers
- 2017
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Ingår i: Pain Research and Treatment. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 2090-1542 .- 2090-1550. ; 2017
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To study the association of self-reported pain in adolescence with low back pain (LBP) in adulthood among mine workers and, also, study associations between the presence of LBP over 12-month or one-month LBP intensity during a health examination and daily ratings of LBP three and nine months later. Methods: Mixed design with data collected retrospectively, cross-sectionally, and prospectively. Data was collected using a questionnaire during a health examination and by using self-reported daily ratings of LBP three and nine months after the examination. Results: Pain prevalence during teenage years was 55% and it was 59% at age 20. Pain during teenage years had a relative risk of 1.33 (95% confidence interval 1.03-1.73) of LBP 12 months prior to the health examination, but with no associations with LBP intensity or LBP assessed by text messaging. Pain at age 20 years was not associated with any measure of LBP in adulthood. Daily ratings of LBP were associated with LBP during the health examination three and nine months earlier. Conclusions: There were no clear associations between self-reported pain in adolescence and LBP in adulthood. Self-reported daily ratings of LBP were associated with LBP from the health examination. Possible limitations for this study were the retrospective design and few participants.
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| 60. |
- Jussila, Kirsi, et al.
(författare)
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Thermal comfort sustained by cold protective clothing in Arctic open-pit mining : a thermal manikin and questionnaire study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Industrial Health. - : National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. - 0019-8366 .- 1880-8026. ; 55:6, s. 537-548
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Workers in the Arctic open-pit mines are exposed to harsh weather conditions. Employers are required to provide protective clothing for workers. This can be the outer layer, but sometimes also inner or middle layers are provided. This study aimed to determine how the Arctic open-pit miners protect themselves against cold and the sufficiency, and the selection criteria of the garments. Workers' cold experiences and the clothing in four Arctic open-pit mines in Finland, Sweden, Norway and Russia were evaluated by a questionnaire (n=1323). Basic thermal insulation (Icl) of the reported clothing was estimated (ISO 9920). The Icl of clothing from the mines were also measured by thermal manikin (standing/walking) in 0.3 and 4.0 m/s wind. The questionnaire showed that the Icl of the selected clothing was on average 1.2 and 1.5 clo in mild (-5 to +5°C) and dry cold (-20 to -10°C) conditions, respectively. The Icl of the clothing measured by thermal manikin was 1.9w2.3 clo. The results show that the Arctic open-pit miners' selected their clothing based on occupational (time outdoors), environmental (temperature, wind, moisture) and individual factors (cold sensitivity, general health). However, the selected clothing was not sufficient to prevent cooling completely at ambient temperatures below -10°C.
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