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- Alpizar, Francisco, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Using Choice Experiments for Non-Market Valuation
- 2003
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Ingår i: Economic Issues. ; 8, s. 83-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper provides the latest research developments in the method of choice experiments applied to valuation of non-market goods. Choice experiments, along with the, by now, well-known contingent valuation method, are very important tools for valuing non-market goods and the results are used in both cost-benefit analyses and litigations related to damage assessments. The paper should provide the reader with both the means to carry out a choice experiment and to conduct a detailed critical analysis of its performance in order to give informed advice about the results. A discussion of the underlying economic model of choice experiments is incorporated, as well as a presentation of econometric models consistent with economic theory. Furthermore, a detailed discussion on the development of a choice experiment is provided, which in particular focuses on the design of the experiment and tests of validity. Finally, a discussion on different ways to calculate welfare effects is presented.
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| 4. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Design techniques for stated preference methods in health economics
- 2003
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Ingår i: Health Economics. - Gothenburg : Wiley. - 1099-1050 .- 1057-9230. ; 12, s. 281-294
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses different design techniques for stated preference surveys in health economic applications. In particular, we focus on different design techniques, i.e. how to combine the attribute levels into alternatives and choice sets, for choice experiments. Design is a vital issue in choice experiments since the combination of alternatives in the choice sets will determine the degree of precision obtainable from the estimates and welfare measures. In this paper we compare orthogonal, cyclical and D-optimal designs, where the latter allows expectations about the true parameters to be included when creating the design. Moreover, we discuss how to obtain prior information on the parameters and how to conduct a sequential design procedure during the actual experiment in order to improve the precision in the estimates. The designs are evaluated according to their ability to predict the true marginal willingness to pay under different specifications of the utility function in Monte Carlo simulations. Our results suggest that the designs produce unbiased estimations, but orthogonal designs result in larger mean square error in comparison to D-optimal designs. This result is expected when using correct priors on the parameters in D-optimal designs. However, the simulations show that welfare measures are not very sensitive if the choice sets are generated from a D-optimal design with biased priors. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.
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| 5. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Do You Enjoy Having More Than Others? Survey Evidence of Positional Goods
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Although conventional economic theory proposes that only the absolute levels of income and consumption matter for people´s utility, there is much evidence that relative concerns are often important. This paper uses a survey-experimental method to measure people´s perceptions of the degree to which such concerns matter, i.e. the degree of positionality. Based on a representative sample in Sweden, income and cars are found to be highly positional, on average. This is in contrast to leisure and car safety, which may even be completely non-positional.
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| 6. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Farm Animal Welfare- testing for market failure
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Our increasingly heterogeneous food is at least partly due to concerns over conventional production of farm livestock. Some of these new products have been demand driven while others are a result of politically decided restrictions on production techniques. From a policy perspective, the interesting question is whether there exists a market failure. We suggest a survey design that enables the researcher to measure the eventual external market failures in farm livestock production. Applying this survey design to the question of battery cages in egg production, we cannot show that there exists a market failure. The policy implications are applicable to not only the question of egg production, they can be extended to a general discussion of how potential market failures for all kind of farm livestock should be managed. Logically, if an external effect cannot be shown, the consumer is better off herself making the choice of how her food is produced.
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| 8. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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The Costs and Benefits of Electric Vehicles: A 2010 perspective
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport Economics and Policy. ; 37, s. 1-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper undertakes a social cost-benefit analysis regarding an increase in the number of electric vehicles in the Swedish transport sector by year 2010. Battery cars are generally found to be socially unprofitable, even though their private life-cycle costs and external costs are lower than those of gasoline cars. One important reason for this is that electric vehicles are heavily â??subsidisedâ?? by having, in comparison with taxes on fossil fuel, a very low electricity tax. â??Hybridâ?? cars are more likely to be socially profitable, especially for city-based delivery trucks, which may be both privately and socially profitable without subsidies.
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| 9. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968
(författare)
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The Demand for Intercity Public Transport: The case of business passengers
- 2003
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. ; 35, s. 41-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a stated preference survey on business passengers travelling by rail or air between the two largest cities in Sweden, we investigate business passengersâ?? preferences for different modes of transport and their corresponding attributes. Compared to what previous studies have found the values put on attributes are very high, this including the environmental impact of the modes. This is largely explained by the fact that business passengers do not bear the cost of the trip, but still have the possibility of deciding the mode of transport. We explore the usefulness of a more flexible specification of the demand for transport by using a random parameter logit model. In the paper we find that there is a gain in using a random parameter model compared to a standard logit model, in the sense that it provides richer information about the passengersâ?? preferences. However, we do not find any consistent pattern in the differences in willingness to pay for attributes between the econometric specifications.
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| 10. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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The Effects of Economic and Political Freedom on CO2 Emissions
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we investigate the effects of political and economic freedom on CO2 emissions. As far as we know this is the first cross-country study of the relationship between economic freedom and environmental quality. Economic freedom is measured in several ways. We find that increased price stability and legal structure decrease emissions in countries with a small industry share of GDP, but increases emissions in countries with a large industry share of GDP. The decreasing effect from increased use of market is significant but non-robust, and increased freedom to trade does not have any significant effect. The effect of political freedom on CO2 emissions is insignificant, most probably since CO2 emissions is a global environmental problem and hence subject to free-riding by the individual countries.
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