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- Andrieu, S, et al.
(författare)
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IAGG Workshop: Health promotion program on prevention of late onset dementia
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of nutrition healt & aging. - 1279-7707. ; 15:7, s. 562-575
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IAGG, WHO, and SFGG organized a international workshop on Health promotion programs on prevention of late on-set dementia. Thirty world specialists coming from Europe, North America, Asia, South America, Africa and Australia, shared their experience on methods and results of large epidemiological interventions to reduce incidents of dementia or delay its on-set. Chaired by Laura FRATIGLIONI, an expert in Epidemiological studies on dementia issues, the workshop gave opportunity for discussions and controversies about the state-of-the-art. Based on different national and international trials (ADAPT, MAPT, FINGER, GUDIAGE, GEM etc) the questions remained opened for different aspects of methodology, the choice of domain or multi domain intervention, the choice and the definition of the target populations, the best age of candidates, the issues related to the discrepancy between late effects, and interventions' duration. We are please to publish in the Journal, the presentations presented to this workshop. These publications will complete previously task force published in the journal in the last two years on methodological issues for Alzheimer's trials including end point, biomarkers, and the experience of past therapeutic trials.
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- Astrup, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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The role of reducing intakes of saturated fat in the prevention of cardiovascular disease : where does the evidence stand in 2010?
- 2011
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 93:4, s. 684-688
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current dietary recommendations advise reducing the intake of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) to reduce coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, but recent findings question the role of SFAs. This expert panel reviewed the evidence and reached the following conclusions: the evidence from epidemiologic, clinical, and mechanistic studies is consistent in finding that the risk of CHD is reduced when SFAs are replaced with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). In populations who consume a Western diet, the replacement of 1% of energy from SFAs with PUFAs lowers LDL cholesterol and is likely to produce a reduction in CHD incidence of >= 2-3%. No clear benefit of substituting carbohydrates for SFAs has been shown, although there might be a benefit if the carbohydrate is unrefined and has a low glycemic index. Insufficient evidence exists to judge the effect on CHD risk of replacing SFAs with MUFAs. No clear association between SFA intake relative to refined carbohydrates and the risk of insulin resistance and diabetes has been shown. The effect of diet on a single biomarker is insufficient evidence to assess CHD risk. The combination of multiple biomarkers and the use of clinical end-points could help substantiate the effects on CHD. Furthermore, the effect of particular foods on CHD cannot be predicted solely by their content of total SFAs because individual SFAs may have different cardiovascular effects and major SFA food sources contain other constituents that could influence CHD risk. Research is needed to clarify the role of SFAs compared with specific forms of carbohydrates in CHD risk and to compare specific foods with appropriate alternatives.
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- Lane, Nina J., et al.
(författare)
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High-temperature stability of alpha-Ta(4)AlC(3)
- 2011
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Ingår i: Materials research bulletin. - : Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.. - 0025-5408 .- 1873-4227. ; 46:7, s. 1088-1091
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cold-pressed alpha-Ta(4)AlC(3) powders were annealed up to 1750 degrees C to test first-principles predictions of alpha-beta phase-stability reversal at 1600 degrees C. Up to 1600 degrees C, the alpha-Ta(4)AlC(3) samples were stable with no indications of any alpha-beta transformation, as shown by the strong characteristic X-ray diffraction peaks of alpha-Ta(4)AlC(3) and the zigzag stacking observed by transmission electron microscopy. These results show that, in this experimental situation, high temperature alone is not sufficient to cause the alpha-beta transformation.
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- Paloschi, V., et al.
(författare)
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Impaired splicing of fibronectin is associated with thoracic aortic aneurysm formation in patients with bicuspid aortic valve
- 2011
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Ingår i: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1079-5642 .- 1524-4636. ; 31:3, s. 691-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Thoracic aortic aneurysm is a common complication in patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). Alternatively spliced extra domain A (EDA) of fibronectin (FN) has an essential role in tissue repair. Here we analyze the expression of FN spliceforms in dilated and nondilated ascending aorta of tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) and BAV patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: The mRNA expression was analyzed in the ascending aorta by Affymetrix Exon arrays in patients with TAV (n=40) and BAV (n=69). EDA and extra domain B (EDB) expression was increased in dilated aorta from TAV patients compared with nondilated aorta (P<0.001 and P<0.05, respectively). In contrast, EDA expression was not increased in dilated aorta from BAV patients (P=0.25), whereas EDB expression was upregulated (P<0.01). The expression of EDA correlated with maximum aortic diameter in TAV (rho=0.58) but not in BAV (rho=0.15) patients. Protein analyses of EDA-FN showed concordant results. Transforming growth factor-beta treatment influenced the splicing of FN and enhanced the formation of EDA-containing FN in cultured medial cells from TAV patients but not in cells derived from BAV patients. Gene set enrichment analysis together with multivariate and univariate data analyses of mRNA expression suggested that differences in the transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway may explain the impaired EDA inclusion in BAV patients. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased EDA expression may contribute to increased aneurysm susceptibility of BAV patients.
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- Shadwick, EH, et al.
(författare)
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Seasonal variability of the inorganic carbon system in the Amundsen Gulf region of the southeastern Beaufort Sea
- 2011
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Ingår i: LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY. - 0024-3590. ; 56:1, s. 303-322
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract During a year-round occupation of Amundsen Gulf in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago dissolved inorganic and organic carbon (DIC, DOC), total alkalinity (TA), partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and related parameters were measured over a full annual cycle. A two-box model was used to identify and assess physical, biological, and chemical processes responsible for the seasonal variability of DIC, DOC, TA, and pCO2. Surface waters were undersaturated with respect to atmospheric CO2 throughout the year and constituted a net sink of 1.2 mol C m22 yr21, with ice coverage and ice formation limiting the CO2 uptake during winter. CO2 uptake was largely driven by under ice and open-water biological activity, with high subsequent export of organic matter to the deeper water column. Annual net community production (NCP) was 2.1 mol C m22 yr21. Approximately one-half of the overall NCP during the productive season (4.1 mol C m22 from Apr through Aug) was generated by under-ice algae and amounted to 1.9 mol C m22 over this period. The surface layer was autotrophic, while the overall heterotrophy of the system was fueled by either sedimentary or lateral inputs of organic matter.
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- Spencer, Charles B, et al.
(författare)
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The Reactivity of Ti2AlC and Ti3SiC2 with SiC Fibers and Powders up to Temperatures of 1550 degrees C
- 2011
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY. - : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.. - 0002-7820. ; 94:6, s. 1737-1743
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reactivities of commercially available Ti2AlC or Ti3SiC2 powders with uncoated SiC fibers or SiC powders were evaluated in this paper. When Ti2AlC-SiC samples were hot pressed or hot isostatically pressed at temperatures up to 1500 degrees C, fully dense composites were obtained. The latter were characterized by X-ray diffraction and electron-dispersive spectroscopy in a scanning and transmission electron microscope. Differential thermal analysis up to 1550 degrees C was also carried out. In all cases, SiC reacted with the Ti2AlC powder resulting in the formation of Ti-3(Al1-xSix)C-2 TiC and Al1+xTi1-x, where x ranges from 0 to 1. In the limit x=1, pure Al forms. Conversely, Ti3SiC2 samples, reinforced with uncoated SiC fibers or powders, can be hot pressed in vacuum at temperatures as high as 1500 degrees C to produce fully dense composites with no apparent reaction between the matrix and fibers. Based on these results, Ti3SiC2 can, but Ti2AlC cannot, be reinforced with SiC. Such reinforcements will be needed if the MAX phases are to be used as structural materials at very high temperatures.
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