| 1. |
- Legnér, Mattias, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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On Historical Climate in Swedish Stone Churches
- 2011
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Ingår i: Energy Efficiency in Historic Buildings. - Visby : Gotland University Press. - 9789186343118 ; , s. 245-259
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Archival sources and historical methods have so far been underutilized in the research on past indoor climates in historic buildings. Before we can build a base of empirical knowledge, we need to discuss and develop the methodology. How would one go about researching the climate history of a building over the course of 50, 100 or 200 years? The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of archival sources when attempting to reconstruct the climate history of an historic building. Knowledge of the long term indoor climate of a church may support strategic decisions for a more sustainable use of resources. In order to show the feasibility of this, the paper will examine the maintenance and restoration of two medieval stone churches: Levide church on Gotland and Strängnäs cathedral.Levide is a small rural parish in which the church has never had central heating or mechanical ventilation. Using documents spanning a time period of more than 200 years it becomes evident that the church has always been a very humid environment with mould and rot appearing time and again. Already in the beginning of the 19th century, the diocese urged the parish to obtain a heated vestry in order to increase the thermal comfort of the priest and the school children, and to preserve the liturgical objects. This and other statements show that the diocese, but not necessarily the parishes themselves, showed an interest in indoor climate in the 19th century. A stove and chimney were installed in the beginning of the 20th century. Findings show long term problems with keeping parish records, the mass robe and other liturgical objects in this humid climate. Water leakages, the buffering capacity of the thick walls and traditions in managing the church, such as airing in spring and summer, have been strainful to the building itself. Although the level of thermal comfort has improved, it is doubtful whether intermittent electrical heating, introduced in the 1950s, has had positive impact on the conservation of the building.Strängnäs is a cathedral and a burial church for some of the members of the royal Vasa family. The church is thus both a historically important monument and a sanctuary. In contrast with the small parish church the cathedral was in almost daily use, and also visited by tourists. When Guerneys ovens were introduced in Sweden by Bolinders in the 1870th, as many as six where installed to heat the church. In the same period a larger restoration of the church was planned. The planned restoration was however delayed. When the restoration were about to be executed some 25 years later, the new techniques for heating had been established and the old ovens were deemed obsolete for several reasons. An interesting debate on what techniques, steam, hot air or a water based system took place. The discussions concerned the convenience of the installations, maintenance and economy of the different systems, the comfort of the churchgoers, the esthetical effects and archaeological matters.
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| 2. |
- Legnér, Mattias, 1973-
(författare)
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On the Early History Museum Environment Control : Nationalmuseum and Gripsholm Castle in Sweden, c. 1866-1932
- 2011
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Ingår i: Studies in Conservation. - London : International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works. - 0039-3630 .- 2047-0584. ; 56:2, s. 125-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the fact that there have been investigations into the historical development of indoor climate recommendations, to date verylittle research has been carried out on how climate control in museums was actually implemented in the past. This article examinesthe development of climate control in two Swedish museum buildings up until the 1930s: Nationalmuseum and GripsholmCastle. Nationalmuseum was erected to make the state collections more accessible to the public and to provide monitoring andcentral heating. At that time knowledge of climatic conditions in museums was tacit and based on personal experience ratherthan on scientific studies. However, in the early twentieth century the problem of managing museum climate increased as curatorsbecame more aware of the dehydrating effects of central heating on panels and polychrome wood. The first successful attemptsto automatically control indoor climate were carried out at Gripsholm in the 1920s. The focus was then on monitoring andcontrolling temperature rather than relative humidity, but these early attempts also showed that extreme levels of humidity couldbe avoided in an environment that had never been designed for permanent heating. This article examines attempts at managingindoor climate between the 1860s and the 1930s.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Lilja, Sven, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2010
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Ingår i: Living City. - Stockholm : Forskningsrådet Formas. - 9789154060481 ; , s. 8-31
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Lilja, Sven, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2010
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Ingår i: Living City. - Stockholm : Forskningsrådet Formas. - 9789154060481 ; , s. 8-31
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
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Living City - an anthology in urban environmental history
- 2010. - 1
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book includes contributions to several branches of contemporary urban environmental history. Together the contributors cover a broad span of subjects, from urban environmental degradation to popular movements, from discourses to rules and regulations, and a wide range of historical subjects, from the medieval to the modern and post-modern city. The book is focused on particular case studies of individual cities or groups of cities. Thus, the chapters represent eleven case studies that to some degree reflect the present state of academic research. While the individual contributions treat separate aspects of urban environmental history, they all focus on the field’s larger themes; forces of urban change, environmental threats, environmental policies, and environmental discourses.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Bylund Melin, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
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The relationship between heating energy and cumulative damage to painted wood in historic churches
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of the Institute of Conservation. - London : Routledge. - 1945-5224 .- 1945-5232. ; :3, s. 94-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Existing research on climate-induced damage needs to be verified by actual observations in authentic environments. This article suggests a complementary method to relate the historic and present indoor climate to damage on painted wooden objects in historic churches. Energy consumption, as revealed by archival sources, is used as a substitute for climate records, on the assumption that higher temperature and therefore lower relative humidity will occur more frequently in churches with greater expenses for fuel. The quantified energy consumption is related to damage of wood and the painted layers of pulpits in 16 churches. There is a slight correlation between damage to the paint on the pulpits and energy released in the churches. However larger populations are needed for this type of enquiry to be further developed and extended.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Legnér, Mattias, 1973-
(författare)
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Gammal fråga kan få nytt svar
- 2012
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Ingår i: Energi & miljö : tidskrift för VVS, inneklimat och VA. - Stockholm : Förlags AB VVS. - 1101-0568. ; 83:9, s. 62-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hur ett stabilt museiklimat ska kunna skapas blir en av de viktigaste frågorna i den kommande renoveringen av Nationalmuseum. När Nationalmuseum byggdes uppfattades det som mycket viktigt att museet kunde värmas men också att värmen inte fick skada byggnaden eller samlingarna. I själva verket har uppvärmningen av huset varit ett långvarigt bekymmer.
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