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Brain Talk : discourse with and in the brain : papers from the first Birgit Rausing Language Program Conference in Linguistics, Lund, June 2008
- 2009
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Brain Talk had as its theme, different aspects of language processing in the brain. The contributions focussed on the importance of context for the neurocognitive processing of language and speech in various communicative situations. The present volume, the first in the Birgit Rausing Language program conference series, contains papers from the Brain talk conference. They have been grouped in to six general areas of research in language processing in the brain: Lexicon, Syntax, Pragmatics, Prosody, Processing and modelling, and Clinical aspects.
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| 2. |
- Horne, Merle, et al.
(författare)
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Hesitation disfluencies after the clause marker ATT ‘that’ in Swedish
- 2005
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study aims att developing a methodology for investigating the relationship between the fluent and disfluent productions of the Swedish conjunction ATT ‘that’ and the complexity of speech fragments following them. A study of the syntactic structure of the speech fragments following ATT and their relation to the pragmatic structure of the discourse, in particular the fragments’ role as regards the topic structure of the discourse, was made using data from one speaker. Syntactic word order patterns reveal that the pragmatic coherence between two clauses decreases with the use of disfluent ATT as compared to fluent ATT. Disfluent ATT tends to signal a new topic rather than topic continuation, and an elaboration rather than clarification, where clarification is more strongly bound to the preceding utterance. It was observed that even emotional factors correlate with to the production of disfluent ATT. Before empathetic quotations – fragments that imply recognition or imagination of other’s emotions – disfluent ATT may signal a change in the deictic centre as compared to the preceding discourse. A number of observations regarding the prosodic correlates of disfluent ATT were also made. Disfluent ATT is almost always followed by a clear prosodic boundary. In all cases but one, this boundary was marked by a silent pause, in some cases including inhalation. It was also observed that the only filled pause that occurred after a disfluent ATT was before a fragment introducing a new topic.
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| 3. |
- Horne, Merle, et al.
(författare)
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Timing restrictions on prosodic phrasing
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nordic Prosody IX. ; , s. 117-126
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prosodic evidence for the existence of isochronal 2-2.5 sec speech production units is presented. Factors such as F0-declination patterns defined over these 2-2.5 sec. units, as well as boundary tones at the edges of these assumed planning units give support to the idea that prosodic structure serves as an important planning framework for an utterance. The findings provide support for the assumption of a ’Prosodic Planning Hypothesis’ such as that proposed by Shattuck-Hufnagel and Turk (1996) and Shattuck-Hufnagel (2000: 222), who assume that an utterance-specific frame ‘‘independent of its contents plays a role in production processing, and prosodic structure is a natural candidate for this structural frame’’. Similar ideas have also been presented by Wheeldon and Lahiri (1997: 377) who claim that ‘‘articulation is preceded by the generation of an abstract prosodic representation of an utterance’’. Breathing is assumed to play an important role in delimitation of the production units: Inspirations only occur at edges and can thus function as anchors for the grouping of speech into 2-2.5 sec speech chunks. Local prosodic information (pauses, boundary tones (H%/L%) and the timing restriction, can be used to make a further segmentation of spontaneous speech into 2-2.5 sec production units. The existence of such a timing restriction on speech planning can be used in the design of algorithms for the automatic segmentation of speech.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Roll, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Ett att kan betyda så mycket
- 2005
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Ingår i: Språkvård. - 0038-8440. ; 3, s. 27-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish function word 'att' tends to be phonetically marked in hesitation contexts. The relation between such contexts and the syntactic complexity of the following clause is discussed.
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| 6. |
- Roll, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Grammaticalization of prosody in the brain
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings Fonetik 2009. - 9789163348921 - 9789163348938 ; , s. 66-71
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Based on the results from three Event-Related Potential (ERP) studies, we show how the degree of grammaticalization of prosodic features influences their impact on syntactic and morphological processing. Thus, results indicate that only lexicalized word accents influence morphological processing. Furthermore, it is shown how an assumed semi-grammaticalized left-edge boundary tone activates main clause structure without, however, inhibiting subordinate clause structure in the presence of competing syntactic cues.
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| 7. |
- Roll, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Left-edge boundary tone and main clause verb effects on syntactic processing in embedded clauses - An ERP study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurolinguistics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0911-6044. ; 22:1, s. 55-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined the effects of main clause verb pragmatics and left-edge boundary tones on syntactic processing in Swedish embedded clauses, using listener judgments and Event-Related Potentials. When the syntactic structure did not match the expectation based on the occurrence of a left-edge boundary tone, the acceptance rate decreased significantly, and a biphasic positive effect with an early peak (P345) and a late peak (P600) showed increased processing load. A larger continuous positive effect (P600) was obtained by changing an assertive main clause verb to a nonassertive verb, thereby modifying the lexical pragmatic context of the embedded clause. Increased positivity was also seen at the left-edge boundary tone when it mismatched a preceding nonassertive verb. We conclude that left-edge boundary tones are used in addition to verb pragmatics to guide the syntactic processing of embedded clauses in Swedish, and that pragmatic and prosodic information is integrated immediately.
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| 8. |
- Roll, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring Syntactic Complexity in Spontaneous Spoken Swedish
- 2007
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Ingår i: Language and Speech. - 1756-6053. ; 50:2, s. 227-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hesitation disfluencies after phonetically prominent stranded function words are thought to reflect the cognitive coding of complex structures. Speech fragments following the Swedish function word att ‘that’ were analyzed syntactically, and divided into two groups: one with att in disfluent contexts, and the other with att in fluent contexts. Complexity was calculated in terms of a number of measures related to syntactic tree structures produced by the analysis tool GRAMMAL. Results showed that disfluent att is in general associated with significantly higher mean complexity values than fluent att. This information can be used to predict whether the function word at the beginning of a fragment is likely to be disfluent or not. Two kinds of statistical classification algorithms (Bayesian and neural networks) were used to test this hypothesis. The best result was 71% correctly classified cases, which is significantly better than a system that is based on selecting the data’s majority class.
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| 9. |
- Roll, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Neurophysiology of a left-edge boundary tone using natural and edited F0
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings Speech Prosody 2008. ; , s. 247-250
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ERP effects of left-edge, sentence-medial boundary tones in East Swedish were examined using synthesized and non-synthesized F0. The perception of the boundary tone gave rise to an N100 effect, reflecting automated processing of the acoustic features of the stimuli, a broadly distributed P200 effect, similar to what has earlier been seen for sentence-initial pitch accents, and an expectancy negativity, previously observed in response to sentence-medial, expected pitch accents. The N100 effect was clear only for the synthesized stimuli, possibly due to their relatively greater salience. The P200 was only seen in the combined results. The expectancy negativity was present in the combined results as well as for the non-edited stimuli. The F0 synthesis in the environment of voiceless obstruents produced a difference in the F0 level before the disambiguation point of the H boundary tone, which led to an anterior negativity starting around 50 ms before the H.
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| 10. |
- Roll, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Object Shift and Event-Related Brain Potentials.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurolinguistics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0911-6044. ; 20:6, s. 462-481
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Object Shift in Swedish is restricted to unstressed pronouns. Sentences where an object pronoun precedes a sentence adverb, such as Han åt den inte ‘(lit.) He ate it not’, are thus well-formed, whereas sentences with a full noun phrase (NP) object preceding a sentence adverb, such as Han åt sylt/sylten inte ‘(lit.) He ate jam/the jam not’, are ill-formed. The neural correlates to violation of this word category restriction were explored using Event-Related Potentials. In the indefinite full NP object condition, there was a posterior negative deflection appearing 200–400 ms after the detection point of the grammatical anomaly, suggesting increased semantic integration cost. It was marginally larger than in the definite condition. A P600 followed the negativity in both full NP object conditions. Furthermore, a subsequent effect, interpreted as a left anterior negativity (LAN), was significant in the indefinite full NP object condition.
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