| 1. |
- Karlsson, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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5-Hydroxytryptamine contracts human uterine artery smooth muscle predominantly via 5-HT2 receptors
- 1997
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Ingår i: Human Reproduction. - 0268-1161. ; 12:2, s. 361-367
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Serotonergic receptors were classified in the isolated human uterine artery with intact endothelium, using agonists and antagonists for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors. The efficacy for different agonists rated: alpha-methyl-5-HT (5-HT2) = 5-HT (non-selective) = 2-methyl-5-HT (5-HT3) >> sumatriptan (5-HT1), and the potency as: sumatriptan = 5-HT > 5-HT > alpha-methyl-5-HT > 2-methyl-5-HT. The contractile effects of 5-HT and alpha-methyl-5-HT were antagonized by the 5-HT2 receptor antagonist ketanserin and the non-selective antagonist methiothepin. The efficacy of sumatriptan was comparatively low. No interaction was encountered between 2-methyl-5-HT and MDL72222, suggesting an absence of 5-HT3 receptors. The results indicate that the contractile serotonergic receptor population in the human uterine artery mainly comprises 5-HT2 receptors, although a minor contribution of contractile 5-HT1 receptors cannot be excluded.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Sillén, Anna
(författare)
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Genetic investigations of four neurological disorders : From phenotype to mutation
- 1997
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- More than 5000, more or less rare, genetic diseases are known in man. A genetic disease is in most casesinherited from one generation to the next, and is caused by a change in the genetic code, a mutation.Once a disease gene is identified, the function of the gene and the mechanism underlying the diseasewill be better understood, allowing development of better therapeutic strategies (pharmacology andgene therapy).Hyperkalaemic periodic paralysis (hyperPP) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterised bytransient attacks of muscle weakness or paralysis. Two Swedish pedigrees with hyperPP showedlinkage to the gene encoding the adult skeletal muscle sodium alpha subunit channel (SCN4A). Anexchange of C2188 to T was found in the two pedigrees, resulting in a substitution of methionine forthreonine.Hypokalaemic periodic paralysis (hypoPP) is more common than the phenotypically relatedhyperPP. Thirteen families of Scandinavian origin were analysed and linkage was established to thegene for skeletal muscle calcium alpha subunit gene (CACNL1A3). Mutations were subsequentlyidentified in the patients. In all nine Danish families and in one Finnish family, a base pair substitutionwas observed, resulting in an amino acid change from arginine to histidine at position 528 in theprotein. In the remaining families, two Finnish and one Norwegian, a mutation causing replacementof arginine 1239 by histidine was found.Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterised by mentalretardation, spastic di- or tetraplegia and congenital ichthyosis. By linkage analysis the SLS gene wasmapped to chromosome 17. A better genetic map of the region was established through three differentmethods: 1) by analysis of new microsatellite markers, 2) by analysis of a radiation hybrid panel to getan inter-marker order and 3) by analysis of YAC clones. Because of a founder effect, SLS is morecommon in the northern part of Sweden than in the rest of the world. The majority of Swedish SLSpatients were found to have a mutation in the seventh exon of the FALDH gene, the C943T mutation.This base pair substitution results in an amino acid change. Further mutations found in the remainingSwedish patients and in non-Swedish patients were four more amino acid changes, five mutationsresulting in a prematurely terminated protein and one combined deletion and insertion of bases,resulting in an insertion of six amino acids.A boy with multiple anomalies, including severe mental retardation, stenosis of the left bronchi,hirsutism and epilepsy, was analysed for chromosomal rearrangements. His karyotype showed additionof chromosomal material on one of his chromosome 1. Using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH)with a chromosome 1 specific probe it was demonstrated that the extra material originated fromchromosome 1. Cosmids distributed over the long arm of chromosome 1 were used as probes toidentify the duplicated regions. It was shown that the mutation giving the boy his phenotype was aduplication of the chromosome bands 1q31 -q41.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Wennergren, Göran, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Wheezing bronchitis reinvestigated at the age of 10 years.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - 0803-5253. ; 86:4, s. 351-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have reinvestigated 92/101 children aged 10, who before the age of 2 years were admitted to a paediatric ward due to wheezing bronchitis. At the present time, 70% are symptom-free without medication, 20% have mild asthma, 8% moderate and 2% severe asthma. Persistent asthma correlated significantly to the presence of some other atopic disease in recent years, to early start of wheezing during infancy and to intense obstructive disease as a young child, while initial respiratory syncytial virus infection did not. A clear-cut relationship between smoking in the home in infancy and persistent asthma emerged (not visible at a preschool follow-up). The histamine challenge results correlated to the clinical picture. A normal histamine challenge was seen in 63%, mild hyperresponsiveness in 19%, moderate in 12% and pronounced hyperresponsiveness in 6%. The figures for persistent asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness are high compared with the prevalence of asthma in the overall population of schoolchildren.
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| 6. |
- Foucard, Tony, 1936, et al.
(författare)
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Behandling av akuta astmabesvär hos barn
- 1997
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Ingår i: Information från Läkemedelsverket. ; 8:6, s. 10-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Foucard, Tony, 1936, et al.
(författare)
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Underhållsbehandling av barn med astma
- 1997
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Ingår i: Information från Läkemedelsverket. ; 8:6, s. 11-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Sjörs, Gunnar
(författare)
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Neonatal water and heat exchange : The influence of environmental factors and infant maturity
- 1997
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The environment provided by commonly used infant incubators, the effect of radiantheat and exposure to cold air on the exchange of water and heat between newborninfants and their environment, and the water loss through the skin of infants born at24-25 weeks of gestation were investigated. The evaporation of water from the skinwas measured by the gradient method. Respiratory water loss and oxygenconsumption was measured with a method for indirect calorimetry, equipped foranalysis of water vapour.Incubators with double walls and with the flow of air from the incubators heatsource directed between those walls had more homogenous air and inner hoodsurface temperature distributions. Term newborn infants exposed to a reducedambient air temperature reacted with an increase in respiratory water loss andoxygen consumption and a decrease in peripheral skin blood flow and skintemperature before central body temperature was affected, indicating an increasednon-shivering thermogenesis. Term and preterm infants nursed under a radiantheater had a increased rate of evaporation of water from the skin, which is due to thedifference in ambient humidity, and not to an effect of the non-ionising radiation onthe permeability of the skin. Term and preterm infants nursed in an incubator with anadded radiant heat source reacted with increased skin temperature and reducedradiative heat loss. In preterm infants born at 24 and 25 weeks of gestation,transepidermal water loss was high during the first two days after birth and thendecreased at a slower rate than previously reported for a group of slightly lesspreterm infants.
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| 10. |
- Benson, Mikael, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Cytokines in nasal fluids from school children with seasonal allergic rhinitis.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0905-6157 .- 1399-3038. ; 8:3, s. 143-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Allergic rhinitis is a particularly good model for studies of cytokine production in vivo. In this study the occurrence of the cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IFN-gamma as well as the soluble receptor for IL-4 in nasal lavage fluids were assayed in 38 school children, with seasonal allergic rhinitis, and 19 healthy age-matched, non-atopic controls, using highly sensitive enzyme immunoassays. IL-4 levels in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were markedly increased in comparison with those in non-atopic controls or in atopic patients before the start of the pollen season. In controls, but not in the atopic patients, levels of IFN-gamma and IL-5 were significantly higher in specimens obtained during the pollen season than in those obtained outside the season. The IL-4/IFN-gamma ratios were significantly higher in atopic than in non-atopic subjects and further increased in atopic patients during the season. In addition to IL-4, elevated levels of IL-10 were observed in association with seasonal rhinitis. Following treatment with a topical steroid (budesonide) there was a statistically significant increase of the levels of soluble IL-4 receptor. These findings indicate that nonatopic and atopic individuals react to pollen exposure with distinct cytokine patterns in agreement with the Th1/Th2 concept. Topical steroids may possibly decrease inflammation by increasing the formation of soluble IL-4 receptor.
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