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Träfflista för sökning "(AMNE:(NATURVETENSKAP Biologi)) conttype:(refereed) srt2:(1980-1994)"

Sökning: (AMNE:(NATURVETENSKAP Biologi)) conttype:(refereed) > (1980-1994)

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  • Webster, S. G., et al. (författare)
  • Putative molt-inhibiting hormone in larvae of the shore crab Carcinus-maenas L. - an immunocytochemical approach
  • 1991
  • Ingår i: The Biological Bulletin. - Chicago : University of Chicago Press. - 0006-3185 .- 1939-8697. ; 180, s. 65-71
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Immunocytochemical investigations of the eyestalk of Carcinus maenas zoeal larval stages, using an antiserum directed against putative Carcinus molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH), revealed immunopositive neuronal structures. These structures included perikarya associated with the medulla terminalis X-organ, parts of the sinus gland tract, and the neurohemal organ-the sinus gland. Apart from an increase in volume of the sinus gland between zoeal stage I and II, no striking changes in the topography or morphology of the MIH neurosecretory system were observed. Immunopositive structures were found in similar locations to those seen in adult crabs. Our results suggest that the control of molting by MIH in crustacean larvae may be similar to the currently accepted model of molt control in adult decapod crustaceans.
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  • Sandström, Ulf (författare)
  • Enhanced predation rates on cavity bird nests at deciduous forest edges : an experimental study
  • 1991
  • Ingår i: Ornis Fennica. - 0030-5685. ; 68:3, s. 93-98
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The size of a forest tract influences the composition of the fauna. If forests become fragmented this will affect the fauna in several ways. One of the main effects is enhanced nest predation. Several studies which confirm this effect have been carried out, but none has used natural cavities. I tested experimentally whether the predation rate was higher in natural tree-holes close to the forest/farmland edge than in the interior of the wood. In a fragmented deciduous forest, fresh Quail eggs were placed in natural cavities at various distances from the edge. The eggs were exposed during a period corresponding in length to the egg and nestling period of a hole-nesting bird. In the beginning of the period, the predation rate was higher close to the edge (< 20 m) than further inside the wood. This result may indicate that a predator first searches the ecotone and afterwards penetrates deeper inside the forest. The results is in accord with earliest observations than nests in natural cavities seem to be less vulnerable than other types of nests.
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  • Berglund, Anders, et al. (författare)
  • Biotic and abiotic factors determining the distribution of two prawn species: Palaemon adspersus and P. squilla
  • 1981
  • Ingår i: Oecologia. - 0029-8549 .- 1432-1939. ; 49:3, s. 300-304
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The reasons behind the absence of the prawn Palaemon adspersus and the presence of P. squilla in rockpools and on bare sand bottoms were studied. Some maximal abundances in different habitats are given. Introduction experiments into natural and artificial rockpools and measurements of tolerance towards low oxygen levels showed that nocturnal hypoxia excluded P. adspersus which was significantly more sensitive to oxygen depletion. Respiration rates measured by the closed-bottle method showed no interspecific difference. On bare sand bottoms P. aspersus was probably excluded by predators, since predator exclusion experiments in cages and predator inclusion experiments in containers showed that P. adaspersus was more vulnerable to predation than P. squilla.The costs for being able to cope with a wide array of habitat in P. squilla are probably balanced by the benefits of access to habitats such as intertidal rockpools, very shallow bottoms and deeper sand bottoms. Tolerance towards abiotic factors extends its habitat range upwards into shallower waters, and tolerance towards biotic factors, i.e. predation, extends it downwards.
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  • Berglund, Anders (författare)
  • Coexistence, size overlap and population regulation in tidal vs non-tidal Palaemon prawns
  • 1982
  • Ingår i: Oecologia. - 0029-8549 .- 1432-1939. ; 54:1, s. 1-7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The effect of increased habitat heterogeneity in tidal areas on coexistence between Palaemon prawns was studied at eight sites along the European Atlantic coast. Two species which are sympatric in non-tidal areas, Palaemon adspersus Rathke and P. squilla (L.) are largely allopatric in tidal areas, and the sympatric size difference decreases in allopatry. In tidal areas the smaller species, P. squilla, is restricted to brown algal belts and rockpools. A third species, P. serratus (Pennant), larger than the others, occurs under oceanic salinities in subtidal brown algal belts and there has forced P. squilla to restrict its habitat distribution to adjacent intertidal rockpools. At estuarine salinities, however, P. squilla also inhabits the brown algal belts. A larger diel variation in stomach fullness index in P. squilla than in P. adspersus persists in non-tidal areas. Abiotic factors probably restrict the two largest species, viz. P. adspersus and P. serratus, to subtidal environments; these species are sensitive to the extremes in salinity, temperature or O2 levels characteristic of the intertidal zone. Competition and/or predation probably relegates P. squilla to the intertidal zone. In non-tidal areas, where this zone is reduced, P. squilla increases its niche width and coexists with P. adspersus, and the size differentiation associated with sympatry may reduce interspecific competition.
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