| 1. |
- Trublet, Mylene, et al.
(författare)
-
Mild syntheses and surface characterization of amorphous TiO(OH)(H2PO4)·H2O ion-exchanger
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Materials Chemistry and Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0254-0584 .- 1879-3312. ; 183, s. 467-475
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work focuses on the synthesis of titanium phosphate (TiP1) ion-exchanger containing solely H2PO4-groups. Based on the elemental analyses, TG, 31P MAS NMR, XRD and Raman data, the formula TiO(OH)(H2PO4)·H2O is assigned to TiP1. The synthesis requires a mild heating at 70–80 °C for a short period of time, followed by filtration and HCl-washing of the TiP1 powder. The layered nature and low crystallinity of this sorbent is confirmed by powder XRD technique. The existence of micro and mesopores in the material is established using BET method. The Na+ capacity of TiP1 is determined to be 6.3 meq g−1 which is the highest value reported for H2PO4-based sorbents. The presence of H2PO4 groups is expected to considerably increase both the pH-working range of the TiP1 sorbent and its exchange capacity towards divalent metal ions. All data for TiP1 are compared to the data for amorphous TiP containing mostly HPO4 groups.
|
|
| 2. |
- Trublet, Mylène, et al.
(författare)
-
Revisiting syntheses of Ti(IV)/H2PO4–HPO4functional ion-exchangers, properties and features
- 2018
-
Ingår i: New Journal of Chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1144-0546 .- 1369-9261. ; 42:2, s. 838-845
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amorphous titanium phosphate ion-exchangers are often of a “mixed type”, i.e., they contain a mixture of –HPO4 and –H2PO4 active groups. Their synthesis requires careful handling to obtain the same proportion of active units and sorption characteristics. This article focuses on the influence of titanium sources and post-synthetic treatments on the uniform synthesis of amorphous TiP1 (TiO(OH)(H2PO4)·H2O). It also describes a mild and straightforward method for obtaining crystalline α-TiP (Ti(HPO4)2·H2O). Amorphous TiP1 was successfully synthesized using five sources of titanium providing that the content of titanium and H2SO4 in the primary solution was 60–110 g L−1 and 400 ± 50 g L−1, respectively. Observations revealed that organic and inorganic acids could also be comparably used in post-synthetic treatments to protonate the phosphate groups into –H2PO4 units. The Na+ uptake (up to 7.2 meq g−1) and ion-exchange capacities towards divalent ions (up to 3.8 meq g−1) of all the TiP1-type sorbents studied are among the highest reported for TiP systems. Despite differences in the surface characteristics, the TiP1 materials synthesized in this study displayed comparable sorption properties, supporting the fact that chemisorption is the governing factor behind the sorption processes. Crystalline α-TiP is obtained under similar mild synthesis conditions when the P2O5 : TiO2 molar ratio is greater than 1 : 1, regardless of the titanium source. The possibility of using various types of TiOSO4 as a titanium source for TiP1 and α-TiP syntheses is emphasized and all reported data are re-considered from a synthetic perspective.
|
|
| 3. |
- Trublet, Mylene, et al.
(författare)
-
Sorption performances of TiO(OH)(H2PO4)·H2O in synthetic and mine waters
- 2017
-
Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2046-2069. ; 7:4, s. 1989-2001
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ¨The sorption properties toward Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Mn2+ and Co2+ ions, in synthetic and industrial waters with pH of 3.9–7.2, and the chemical stability of a titanium phosphate ion-exchanger synthesized at mild conditions and containing solely –H2PO4 groups, TiO(OH)(H2PO4)·H2O (TiP1) are investigated. TiP1 displays the highest Na+ uptake (6.3 meq. g−1) among TiP ion-exchangers and a maximum sorption capacity of ca. 1.55 mmol g−1 (i.e. 3.1 meq. g−1) for the studied ions, which is higher than the ones reported for exchangers composed predominantly of –HPO4 groups. The sorption isotherms were best described by the Temkin model while the Langmuir and the Freundlich models appear to be insufficient in describing all data. TiP1 shows fast kinetics with an equilibrium reached within 10–20 minutes and diffusion processes play a role in the initial period of sorption that is overpowered by chemisorption reactions in the overall rate controlling step. The selectivity order of the metal ions on TiP1 is determined as: Cu2+ > Zn2+ ≫ Mn2+ > Co2+, Ni2+, following the order of stability of MOH+ complexes and the corresponding activation parameters for a water molecule exchange in [M(H2O)6]2+ ions. The surface sorption data are in good correlation with the EDS data for these systems, supporting the idea of chemical sorption with no metal hydroxide precipitation. Additional sorption studies show that the quality of industrial waters after sorption reaches the EU recommendation for drinking water. The faster kinetics and the higher exchange capacity reveal that the presence of –H2PO4 groups strongly enhances the sorption properties of titanium phosphate sorbents.
|
|
