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- Carlsson, Per-Inge, 1959-
(author)
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Hearing impairment and deafness : genetic and environmental factors - interactions - consequences : a clinical audiological approach
- 2005
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- OBJECTIVES - Hearing impairment (HI) can be due to genetic or environmental factors, e.g. noise. More than 50% of HI cases are thougt to be hereditary. HI can affect social participation in different ways. How serious these problems becomes depends on several factors, for example, the type of social environment the person lives in. The objective of the present study was to point out the importance of studying HI and deafness in a broad perspective, from the molecular - biological level to the psychological - social level and to evaluate how interactions of factors at several levels form the consequences, in a long-term perspective, to witch HI and deafness can lead. MATERIAL AND METHODS - Three different study populations have been used to study the four levels in this study: Papers I - III; 1200 noise-exposed workers (molecular and biological levels), Paper IV; 50 persons with HI since early childhood, with or without a family history of HI (FHHI)(biological, psychological and social level), and in Paper V; 600 persons with early onset of deafness in two counties with differently strong Deaf communities (psychological and social level). RESULTS - The molecular genetic studies (Papers I – III) showed that the combination of smoking and having a mutation in the protective antioxidant system revealed an additional risk for noise induced hearing loss. In Paper IV, only small differences was found between subjects with and without a FHHI. The results in Paper V indicated that differences in the social environment, in terms of the strength of the Deaf community, influence family factors such as marriages, divorces and the number of children born. CONCLUSIONS - Analysing complex issues such as HI and deafness from a medical audiological perspective requires a multi- level approach at several levels. The results indicate that interactions of factors at all four levels form the consequences, in a long-term perspective, to wich HI and deafness can lead. Furthermore, this multi-level approach - here called a clinical audiological approach - is essential when using the ICF framework in audiological rehabilitation/habilitation.
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- Lindh, Thomas, et al.
(author)
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Generations at War or Sustainable Social Policy in Ageing Societies?
- 2005
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In: The Journal of Political Philosophy. ; 13:4, s. 470-489
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The demographic factors that helped trigger the debate about generations and equity will grow in importance, which is a straightforward prediction from the current age structures. This warrants further scientific inquiries. It is also likely to require new policies, or changes in the design of current policies. We argue that although life-cycle considerations have been essential for welfare state policy designs there has not been a corresponding interest for life cycle perspectives in the development of political theory. The shortcomings of both classical liberalism and Marxism can be related to their lack of a life-cycle perspective. In this context, the Myrdals’ argumentation in the 1930s for welfare state policies as a response to demographic challenges can provide guidance also for policy-making in the 21st century. What we argue is that a balanced population growth would reduce the distributive tensions between generations. There are policy options that should be part of a future oriented approach to changing population structures. To invest in human capital and to use migration as a way of increasing the labour force are good examples of investment policies for the future. Such policies boil down to increasing the number of future taxpayers and their productivity. What is warranted to succeed in this endeavour, is a balanced approach; a synthesis between the concern with the way that the welfare state supports different groups in society, on the one hand, and a realistic view of how society works, on the other hand.
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- Nilsson, Pernilla, 1969-
(author)
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Barns kommunikation och lärande i fysik genom praktiska experiment
- 2005
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In: NorDiNa. - Oslo : Naturfagsenteret. - 1504-4556 .- 1894-1257. ; 1:1, s. 58-69
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Physics is often considered to be a difficult, abstract and boring school subject. This article describes astudy of 11-year old children’s discussions of scientific concepts related to experiments in the classroomand to the Liseberg amusement park. The study was made in May 2004 and the empirical materialconsists of tape recorded group discussions from the preparation lesson before the amusement parkvisit. The analysis focuses on how children use, develop and verify their knowledge, and how theyexpress an increased construction of knowledge and understanding through the dialogues. The discussionsindicate an ability to develop, explain and exemplify physical phenomena and concepts andconnect them to their everyday experiences
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