| 1. |
- Kronenberg, Kai, et al.
(författare)
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Aligning tourism's socio-economic impact with the United Nations' sustainable development goals
- 2021
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Ingår i: Tourism Management Perspectives. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-9736 .- 2211-9744. ; 39, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Socio-economic sustainability for tourism workers does not play a prominent role in contemporary tourism economic impact studies. Rather, to promote economic growth paradigms, the focus lies on aggregated employment and income effects. To better understand tourism's contribution to decent work and reduced inequalities (Sustainable Development Goals 8 and 10, respectively), our study assesses tourism's socio-economic impact by focussing on meso-level perspectives from major tourism institutions that are complemented with macro-level results gained through an occupation-based Input-Output model. Although income inequalities across tourism occupations remain relatively low, income inequalities over a period of nine years have increased. Tourism employees continue to work in precarious occupations due to limited training and career opportunities. Employers demand skilled vocational professions and provide non-monetary benefits; however, respective salaries remain average. Altogether, tourism contributes to Sustainable Development Goals 8 and 10 only moderately, and regional tourism institutions need to continue their development strategies for greater sustainability.
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| 2. |
- Kronenberg, Kai, et al.
(författare)
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The socio-economic impact of regional tourism : an occupation-based modelling perspective from Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Sustainable Tourism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0966-9582 .- 1747-7646. ; 30:12, s. 2785-2805
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traditional measurements of tourism’s economic impact refer to primary and secondary effects that are typically quantified through input–output (IO) methodology. From a sustainable regional development perspective, however, economic impact analyses are criticised for their one-dimensional analysis focussing mainly on growth-oriented effects represented by aggregates for output, employment, income or tax. Although existing literature comprises various extensions of IO models, the focus of these models is restricted to indicators at a high aggregate level. Thus, distributional or other socio-economically important aspects related to the tourism workforce are seldom discussed. In our approach to study tourism’s impacts over a nine-year period, we consider macro-and meso-level perspectives and disaggregate tourism’s impact on regional employment and income for particular occupational areas in the Swedish region of Jämtland. Results indicate weakening employment effects; relatively low but increasing income-inequalities; and increasing shares of elementary positions with precarious working conditions despite para-industrial initiatives from tourism institutions to develop the industry. By enhancing traditional tourism economic impact methodology, we hope that our approach is supportive in putting the tourism workforce at the heart of the regional development and tourism sustainability discourse.
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| 3. |
- Tomassini, L., et al.
(författare)
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Circular economy in tourism and hospitality : A micro-meso-macro framework for inter-disciplinary research
- 2024
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Ingår i: Tourism and Hospitality Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 1467-3584 .- 1742-9692.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This contribution elaborates on the theoretical and practical implications of the circular economy in tourism and hospitality through an inter-disciplinary approach advancing novel possibilities for future research. Acknowledging the literature gap on circular economy in tourism and hospitality as an under-researched and under-theorised area of research, this contribution identifies a set of theoretical lenses that can help to elaborate the notion of circular economy and unpack it through an inter-disciplinary approach for future research. It does so by discussing the notion of circular economy through a micro-meso-macro framework combining practice theory, network theory, complexity theory, and the spatial and mobilities turn in social sciences. The originality of this work lies in its inter-disciplinary approach based on a micro-meso-macro theoretical framework offering novel opportunities to discuss, envision, and operationalize circular regenerative processes in tourism futures in terms of multidimensional, networked, complex, practice-based, and localised processes and operations.
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| 4. |
- Kronenberg, Kai, et al.
(författare)
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The Socio-economic impact of regional tourism : an occupation-based modelling perspective from Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: A sustainable tourism workforce. - New York : Routledge. - 9781032564166 - 9781003435457
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traditional measurements of tourism’s economic impact refer to primary and secondary effects that are typically quantified through input–output (IO) methodology. From a sustainable regional development perspective, however, economic impact analyses are criticised for their one-dimensional analysis focussing mainly on growth-oriented effects represented by aggregates for output, employment, income or tax. Although existing literature comprises various extensions of IO models, the focus of these models is restricted to indicators at a high aggregate level. Thus, distributional or other socio-economically important aspects related to the tourism workforce are seldom discussed. In our approach to study tourism’s impacts over a nine-year period, we consider macro-and meso-level perspectives and disaggregate tourism’s impact on regional employment and income for particular occupational areas in the Swedish region of Jämtland. Results indicate weakening employment effects; relatively low but increasing income-inequalities; and increasing shares of elementary positions with precarious working conditions despite para-industrial initiatives from tourism institutions to develop the industry. By enhancing traditional tourism economic impact methodology, we hope that our approach is supportive in putting the tourism workforce at the heart of the regional development and tourism sustainability discourse.
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| 5. |
- Fuchs, Matthias, 1970-
(författare)
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A Sustainable World needs Transformative Science : Ontological Reflections on Contemporary Economic Science
- 2021
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Ingår i: Accelerating the progress towards the 2030 SDGs in times of crisis. - Östersund : Mittuniversitetet. - 9789189341173 ; , s. 4-5
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modern sciences promise to deliver the means to achieve the medical and technological progress needed to overcome the crisis provoked by COVID-19, thereby resuming previously charted economic growth trajectories. However, especially in times of crises, sciences are showing their paradoxes by pointing to the fact that not only their fundamental notions and theories, but also objectified facts are rooted in the social sphere (Gretzel et al 2020, 191-192). After pointing at ontological inconsistencies of modern sciences, like the Fact-Value Antinomy (Putnam 2004), this presentation recalls that all sign-systems and languages, like mathematics, theories but also empirical facts, are aspects of the same societal world, wherefore they should not be confused as isolated entities of an illusory world of ‘scientific thinking’ (Brodbeck 2019). Following Kuhn (1962) who reminded us that scientific revolutions are driven by the social, psychological and ethical nature of sciences, it is argued that a crisis like COVID-19 shows the potential to challenge current paradigms, especially the way we think about values and facts in relation to the economic foundations of our society. Therefore, major ontological discrepancies of contemporary economic science are critically reflected. Following the science paradigm, economists relate measured and objectivized ‘things’ to the empty abstract measuring-unit money, so as they receive their price. However, this ‘calculative form of thinking’ has led to a new type of pecuniary socialization: Not only production processes, but also social acts of exchange, technological processes, and even skills and the arts, stop being social processes initiated by humans, rather become abstract elements in economic equations (Brodbeck 2019). As a consequence, the uniqueness and diversity of social acts of exchange is transformed into ‘identical’ monetary values, i.e. objectified things of nature become comparable but empty units (Brodbeck 2019, 16). However, the reference to such a misleading ontology led to the paradox that economics cannot be considered an empirically exact science exactly because humans do not behave like mechanical objects of classical physics. The presentation concludes by showing, that contemporary economic science, although represented through a system of factual statements (‘hard facts’) should be uncovered as ‘implicit ethics’ guided by the ontological assumptions of modern sciences (Brodbeck 2019; Gretzel et al 2020). As a precondition to transform economic thinking towards a critical science capable to cope with the needs of a truly sustainable world, a post-mechanist economic theory (Brodbeck 2019) which defines ‘The Economy’ as a socio-communicative network in line with SDGs is deduced in the outlook. Brodbeck, K.-H. (2019) Die Illusion der Identität und die Krise der Wissenschaften, Working Paper, 47, 03, Cusanus Hochschule.Gretzel, U., Fuchs, M., Baggio, R., Hoepken, W., Law, R., Neidhardt, J., Pesonen, J., Zanker, M., & Xiang, Z. (2020). e-Tourism Beyond COVID-19: A Call for Transformative Research. Information Technology & Tourism, 22, 187-203.Kuhn, Th. (1962). The structure of scientific revolutions. University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1962.Putnam, H. (2004). The collapse of the fact-value dichotomy. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
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| 6. |
- Fuchs, Matthias, 1970-
(författare)
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From Ontological Inconsistencies towards a Post-Mechanist Economic Science : The Innovative Region shaped by Micro-Entrepreneurs in Nature-based Tourism
- 2021
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A crisis like COVID-19 shows the capacity to challenge the current growth-paradigm. Thus, instead of proposing new tools and methods to resume previously charted economic growth-trajectories, the first part of this presentation reveals ontological discrepancies of contemporary economic science. By following the ontology of modern science rooted in classical physics, mainstream economists presume that ‘objective things’ can be assigned the abstract measuring unit money so as they receive their price. However, through this erroneous (ontological) transformation of (ontic) social acts, not only production processes, but also social acts of exchange, technological processes, and even skills and the arts, stop being social processes, rather become abstract elements in economic equations. Consequently, the uniqueness and diversity of social acts of exchange is transformed into comparable but empty units. By referring to this untenable ontology, one can easily show that economics, despite its ambitious claim, cannot be considered an empirically exact science, exactly because humans do not behave like mechanical objects of classical physics. After finally showing that contemporary economic science is incapable to grasp the nature of creativity, the second part outlines the elements of a post-mechanist economic science which assigns humans’ creativity a central role and defines ‘The Economy’ as a socio-communicative network. Very close to this view comes Feldman’s (2014) Innovative Region understood as inter-connected, open and free territory, which through its unique history and specific beauty fosters place-makers’ creativity and social interactions to transform location factors into assets with high symbolic value and meaning. The correctness and relevancy of this promising concept is confirmed in the third part, showing findings from a large-scale survey (N=580+) with Norwegian micro-entrepreneurs in nature-based tourism. Findings show that entrepreneurs heavily engage in local communities, support volunteer work, create places for creative thinking and contribute to the formation of place identity. By strictly respecting socio-cultural local and regional peculiarities, they add to the creation of public goods, like place brands and ethically grounded social norms. The latter reflect essential values, like fairness seeking and others-regarding with the capacity to crowd-out selfish behavior. From this analysis, propositions for alternative economic spaces to be institutionalized in a post-pandemic era are deduced.
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| 7. |
- Fuchs, Matthias, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Strategic Use of Information Technologies in Tourism : A Review and Critique
- 2022
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Ingår i: Handbook of e-Tourism. - Switzerland : Springer Nature. - 9783030053246 ; , s. 1109-1145
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on firms’strategic development and value creation has been a topic of academic debatefor decades. Tourism is no exception. This chapter provides a synthesis ofthe literature on the strategic decision to adopt and use ICTs as well as ananalysis of their impact on the value creation of tourism firms. We reflecton theoretical frameworks and analytical concepts developed and validated bytourism scholars, their implications for ICT use, and the factors affecting therealization of ICT-enhanced business value. Problems of measurement, analysis,and organizational adjustments appear as major factors behind volatile ICTproductivity in tourism, known as the ICT Productivity Paradox. To ensure the realization of ICT-enhanced business value, various adjustment strategies,including the development of firms’ capabilities, cultures, and organizationalstructures, are addressed. The discussion section critically assesses the reviewedliterature on the strategic use of ICTs in tourism. Finally, the conclusion deducesresearch needs and sketches an agenda for future research.
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| 8. |
- Gelter, Jennie, et al.
(författare)
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Making sense of smart tourism destinations : A qualitative text analysis from Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Destination Marketing & Management. - : Elsevier. - 2212-571X .- 2212-5752. ; 23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of smart tourism destinations has gained increased attention in research literature and among tourism stakeholders. However, the concept is still considered in need of more in-depth explanations for understanding and making sense of the notion. The contribution of the concept of smarttourism destinations to managerially relevant knowledge is particularly difficult to assess due to its complexity. Therefore, a qualitative text analysis of stakeholder interviews is proposed and conducted using the GABEK® methodology to identify recurring themes in the stakeholders’ understanding of smart tourism destinations. The GABEK® methodology aims to represent the texts of open interviews as networks of interrelated keywords to make sense of a complex phenomenon. This study explores how destination stakeholders from two different Swedish destinations make sense of the concept of smart tourism destinations. Study findings show that, from the destination stakeholders’ point of view, there is a need to counterbalance the currently dominant focus on technology with softer though more existential values to construct a sustainable path of destination development. As for the theoretical contribution, this study clarifies properties of smart tourism destinations and stakeholders’ sense-making of the concept of smart tourism destination.
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| 9. |
- Gretzel, Ulrike, et al.
(författare)
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e-Tourism beyond COVID-19 : a call for transformative research
- 2020
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Ingår i: Information Technology & Tourism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1098-3058 .- 1943-4294. ; 22, s. 187-203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This viewpoint article argues that the impacts of the novel coronavirus COVID-19 call for transformative e-Tourism research. We are at a crossroads where one road takes us to e-Tourism as it was before the crisis, whereas the other holds the potential to transform e-Tourism. To realize this potential, e-Tourism research needs to challenge existing paradigms and critically evaluate its ontological and epistemological foundations. In light of the paramount importance to rethink contemporary science, growth, and technology paradigms, we present six pillars to guide scholars in their efforts to transform e-Tourism through their research, including historicity, reflexivity, equity, transparency, plurality, and creativity. We conclude the paper with a call to the e-Tourism research community to embrace transformative research.
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| 10. |
- Kronenberg, Kai, et al.
(författare)
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Tourism's socio-economic contribution : A UN SDG perspective
- 2021
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Ingår i: Accelerating the progress towards the 2030 SDGs in times of crisis. - Östersund : Mittuniversitetet. - 9789189341173 ; , s. 1274-1275
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studying the economic impact of tourism with Input-Output (IO) methodology and extensions, like Computable General Equilibrium, is widely established within tourism science (Comerio & Strozzi 2019). However, the analytical focus of the majority of impact analyses remains on aggregated indicators, such as total output, employment and income, respectively. However, this reductionist view in line with economic orthodoxy provides an oversimplified and biased perspective on regional development missing out important socio-economic issues (Gallagher et al. 1999). In particular, the concept of sustainability has not (yet) played a prominent role in estimating tourism’s economic impact. Though, the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) explicitly address decent work (SDG 8) as well as reduced inequalities (SDG 10) (UN 2021). Accordingly, a growing number of tourism scholars argue that regional tourism development should focus on the principles of steady-state economics by prioritizing local communities as well as by highlighting that especially employment-related issues are widely neglected by debates and works on sustainable tourism (Baum et al 2016; Higgins-Desbiolles et al. 2019). In the same way, we argue that traditional economic impact measurement approaches contributed too little to address sustainable regional development. Therefore, we extend the traditional practice of tourism economic impact measurement by considering ‘new monetary measures’ beyond growth-focused aggregates (Söderbaum and Brown 2010). More precisely, our IO-based regional impact study estimates economic leakages, importation shares as well as taxation effects from tourism over a 10 years period (2008-2017). Most importantly, we dis-aggregate employment and income effects into diverse occupational areas (Daniels 2004). This allows us to study tourism’s contribution to decrease sectoral income inequalities among particular occupation types. As a narrow view on monetary indicators risks to dis-embed markets from its underlying rules and social institutions, socio-economic impacts can hardly be understood solely by numbers. Accordingly, our study also considers the perspective from major tourism-related institutions, like branch associations, labor unions and regional public institutions. A mixed-method approach, finally, complements quantitative findings from IO with additional qualitative insights thereby obtaining a holistic understanding on the socio-economic impact of tourism in the region of Jämtland Härjedalen with a focus on tourism employment- and income. As highlighted by the UN-SDGs, the proposed analysis broadens the view of conventional tourism economic impact approaches in tourism. ReferencesBaum, T. et al. (2016). Sustainability and the tourism and hospitality workforce. Sustainability, 8(8), 809.Comerio, N., & Strozzi, F. (2019). Tourism and its economic impact. Tourism economics, 25(1), 109-131.Daniels, M. J. (2004). Beyond input-output analysis: using occupation-based modeling to estimate wages generated by a sport tourism event. Journal of travel research, 43(1), 75-82.Gallagher, R., Appenzeller, T., & Normile, D. (1999). Beyond reductionism. Science, 284(5411), 79.Higgins-Desbiolles, F. et al. (2019). De-growing tourism: rethinking tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(12), 1926-1944.Söderbaum, P., & Brown, J. (2010). Democratizing economics: pluralism as a path toward sustainability. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1185(1), 179-195.United Nations (2021). About the Sustainable Development Goals. Accessed 15.02.2021. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/
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