| 1. |
- Sörnsen, Lars, 1973-
(författare)
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De olika världarna av aktivering - ett komparativt perspektiv
- 2009. - 1
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Ingår i: Aktivering - arbetsmarknadspolitik och socialt arbete i förändring. - Malmö : Liber. - 9789147090754 ; , s. 225-249
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The book chapter compares activation policies in Sweden, Germany and the UK as three different welfare regimes. The analysis starts out from a broad perspective on activation as passive and active attempts to redesign unemployment policies with a focus on increasing the linkage between work and welfare. It is argued that activation policies differ considerably between countries, but also in regard to different groups of the unemployed according to their status within existing benefit systems. Regime differences are generally maintained, but there are signs of convergence with regard to the weakest labour market groups and welfare clients.
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| 2. |
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Välfärdspolitik i praktiken : om perspektiv och metoder i forskning
- 2007
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Förändringar av människors villkor i samhället kräver nya sätt att forska. I den här antologin presenteras olika redskap för kvalitativ forskning om välfärd. I antologin utgår forskarna från redan välkända traditioner inom samhällsvetenskaplig forskning, men argumenterar inte bara för etablerade forskningsmetoder och teoretiska perspektiv inom välfärdsforskningen utan också för nya. Antologin har arbetats fram inom ramen för Nordiska Sommaruniversitetet och därmed influerats av olika forskningstraditioner som förekommer vid universitet och högskolor i Norden. Nya forskningsmetoder där människornas egna utsagor och upplevelser tillvaratas kan tolkas utifrån redan etablerade teoretiska perspektiv som fenomenologi, hermeneutik och interaktionism. De forskningsansatser som presenteras möjliggör att människor även själva är med och formulerar bilden av sina livsvillkor. I antologin visas hur forskning med dessa ansatser kan ske tillsammans med människor i olika åldrar och livssituationer. I antologin visas också att komparativa ansatser kan öppna för nya insikter om olika dimensioner i välfärdsystemet som en kulturell praktik.
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| 3. |
- Webb, Louisa, et al.
(författare)
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Healthy bodies : construction of the body and health in physical education
- 2008
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Ingår i: Sport, Education and Society. - London : Routledge. - 1357-3322 .- 1470-1243. ; 13:4, s. 353-372
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In physical education, bodies are not only moved but made. There are perceived expectations for bodies in physical education to be ‘healthy bodies’*for teachers to be ‘appropriate’ physical, fit, healthy and skilful ‘role models’ and for students to display a slim body that is equated with fitness and health. In teachers’ monitoring of students with the intention of regulating health behaviour, however, the surveillance of students’ bodies and associated assumptions about health practices are implicated in the (re)production of the ‘cult of the body’. In this paper, we consider issues of embodiment and power in a subject area where the visual and active body is central and we use data from Australian and Swedish schools to analyse the discourses of health and embodiment in physical education. In both Swedish and Australian physical education there were discourses related to a fit healthy body and an at risk healthy body. These discourses also acted through a range of techniques of power, particularly regulation and normalisation.
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| 4. |
- Öhman, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Feel good—be good : subject content and governing processes in physical education
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy. - Abingdon, Oxfordshire : Routledge. - 1740-8989 .- 1742-5786. ; 13:4, s. 365-379
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In this paper a study of both subject content and governing processes in Swedish physical education is presented. The reason why an analysis of both content and processes is of special interest is that it makes it possible to understand the encounter between the institutional level and the practice of education.Purpose: The purpose of the paper is threefold: (1) to analyse the subject content in physical education through identifying discourses embedded in its practice; (2) to illustrate how the subject content is created/re-created in physical education practice through various governing processes; and (3) to discuss how governing processes also become content through thesocialization of students in terms of becoming a certain type of social citizen.Research design and data collection: The empirical material used is collected in connection with a national evaluation of physical education in Sweden, commissioned by the Swedish Government and the Swedish National Agency for Education. This paper uses local curriculum documents from 72 schools and 15 video-recorded physical education lessons from five schools. A starting point for the methodological framework is discourse theory and the governing perspective developed by Michel Foucault (1978/1991, 1980, 1982/2002). The governing perspective is used as a methodological tool, and we work with two overarching analysis themes: one oriented towards what pupils are governed, in terms of discourses embedded in physical education, and the other how the identified discourses are created/re-created in the practice of physical education. We also use the methodological framework as a tool to discuss how the governing processes also become content—a content of socialization.Findings: The results show that physical exertion and active participation are the main threads that run though the analysed material. In connection with physical exertion and active participation, pupils are also encouraged to cooperate with others and to compete. The content of socialization is primarily directed towards different components of willingness, for example a will to do one’s best and a will to try, where the pupils are expected to be participatory, take responsibility and govern their own actions in the direction of that which is most reasonable.Conclusions: A clear message is communicated in physical education in Sweden—be active and work up a sweat. This is also concerned with fostering good character, i.e. creating correct attitudes and approaches through physical activity—be an active and willing person. Physical education is consequently a place where both political volition and the creation of today’s citizens are staged. It is thus not only physical exertion—the physiological effects of exercise and involvement in sports and physical education—that is in the foreground of the activities we study in physical education. It is also about becoming a certain type of social citizen.
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| 5. |
- Brodin, Jane, 1942-, et al.
(författare)
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How many positive results on inclusion do we need to make a change?
- 2009. - Vol. 25
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Ingår i: Assistive Technology From Adapted Equipment to Inclusive Environments. - The Netherlands : IOS Press. ; , s. 708-712
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The expectations of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) as a tool for participation and equal opportunities for all have been highly valued within the European community. For children and young persons with disabilities the expecations have been of special importance as they have found their opportunities for inclusion on the agenda. Inclusion is not only a physical placement. Inclusion means to be part of, to share, to communicate and to be someone to count with. The aim of the article is to stress research on inclusion of children and highlight how ICT has been and still is used in the schools to enhance participation and equal opportunities for all. Our intention is to stress challenging research results and we ask 'how many positive results on inclusion do we need to make changes?' and 'where are all the progressive decision-makers who will implement the research results?'.
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| 6. |
- Neander, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Bridging the gap - the co-creation of a therapeutic process : reflections by parents and professionals on their shared experiences of early childhood interventions
- 2008
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Ingår i: Qualitative Social Work. - London : Sage. - 1473-3250 .- 1741-3117. ; 7:3, s. 289-309
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to explore parents' and therapists' experiences of treatment processes in early childhood interventions. The parents and their therapists reflected on their experiences in joint interviews. The interpretation led to the crystallization of five central themes. The starting point was marked by 'parents' fear versus professional(s') confidence'. This formed the background against which both parties aimed at 'making sense of the situation'. The subsequent therapeutic process was characterized by the parents' and the professionals' 'striving for reciprocal responsiveness' and it led to the 'alteration of inner images'. Finally the two parties made a 'retrospective reflection on the nature of the relation'. Together these themes constitute the co-creation of a therapeutic process by bridging a gap that is created by fear, by power differentials and by differences in familiarity with the context. The parents shoulder responsibility for creating a cooperative relationship, and this is facilitated if they meet a 'normal, friendly and knowledgeable therapist who is capable of admitting that he/she may be wrong'.
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| 7. |
- Högman, Ann-Kristin, 1959-
(författare)
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Ageing in a changing society : Elderly men and women in urban Sweden 1830-1930
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study deals with the impact of industrialisation and urbanisation on the living conditions of aged men and women. By studying labour force participation, savings and pensions, the role of the family, and the extent of dependency of aged men and women from a gender and class perspective, continuities and changes between pre-industrial and industrial times are examined. The main focus is placed on the situation of elderly persons living in the town of Sundsvall between 1830 and 1930. This town became the commercial centre of one of the largest saw-mill districts in the world at the end of the nineteenth century. The residence patterns of old men and women in Sundsvall are also compared with those in two other Swedish industrialised urban areas; the capital Stockholm and the textile centre Norrköping.According to modernisation theorists, industrialisation and urbanisation led to an increase in dependency in old age, due to weakening family ties and unemployment. This study shows the complexity of the issue. It is true that some sources reveal a declining proportion of men participating in the labour force at the very end of the period of observation, but this was primarily due to the introduction of the national pension system in 1914. On the other hand, other records show a stability or even an increasing proportion of elderly men and women in the labour market.By contrast with previous studies of the residence patterns of aged persons, this dissertation shows a very high percentage of elderly women living alone in all three urban areas selected for study. However, this was not solely a sign of isolation, since the vast majority of those elderly living in households of their own had children residing in the vicinity. Furthermore, many old men and women shared households with their children, although this pattern was less common among the working class. The role of off-spring appears to have been important both in pre-industrial and industrial times. The residence patterns of the urban elderly were probably influenced by traditional rural living arrangements, to the extent that old couples and their married children often lived close to each other but usually maintained households of their own. Old parents and their adult children might have preferred to live in separate households instead of crowding in with each other.The unmarried elderly were probably most affected by the transformations taking place at the end of the nineteenth century. A considerable number of them migrated late in life, leaving all their relatives behind. Therefore, they became highly vulnerable. Unmarried men tended to be more exposed to the dangers of urban life. They probably experienced tougher working conditions, had weaker social networks, and could not manage on their own to the same extent as women. Therefore, a larger propor-tion of men than women ended up in the workhouse.
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| 8. |
- Brunnberg, Elinor, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Self-rated mental health, school adjustment, and substance use in hard-of-hearing adolescents
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1081-4159 .- 1465-7325. ; 13:3, s. 324-335
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This survey, "Life and Health—Young People 2005," included all 15/16-year-old adolescents in mainstream schools in the county of Örebro, Sweden. Just students with a slight/mild or moderate hearing loss were included. There were 56 (1.9%) "hard-of-hearing (HH) students with multiple disabilities," 93 (3.1%) students who were "just HH," 282 (9.7%) students with some "other disability than HH," and 2,488 (85.2%) students with "no disability." "HH with multiple disabilities" reported considerably higher scores for mental symptoms, substance use, and school problems than the "no disability" group. Those with "just HH" and those with "other disability than HH" had more mental symptoms and school problems than the "no disability" group but no significant differences in substance use. In conclusion, the combination of a hearing loss and some other disability strongly increases the risk for mental symptoms, school problems, and substance use. This group, thus, is an important target for preventive measures.
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| 9. |
- Edvardsson, Bo, 1944-
(författare)
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Organisatoriska provokationer
- 1984
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med denna rapport är att nå en kritisk och teoretisk förståelse av hur socialtjänstens organisationer möter sociala problem samt att antyda alternativa organisationsformer.Data har införskaffats från tre organisationer - två socialbyråer och en fältgrupp - genom beslutsdokument och genom fyra intervjustudier under 1983-84. Resultaten tyder på att organisationernas förhållningssätt till sociala problem är i första hand administrativt. Klientgruppernas och enskilda klienters perspektiv, livssituation m.m. verkar organisationerna föga intresserade av. Problemanalyser görs i ringa utsträckning. Däremot sysslar man mycket med interna frågor, former, forrmförändringar, samarbete m.m. Kunskapsbyggande saknas väsentligen. Flera olika teoretiska perspektiv på data antyds och prövas. Teknokratiska medvetandeprocesser ses som en viktig kulturell och samhällelig faktor. Flera andra faktorer diskuteras, t.ex. inverkan av bearbetad materia, organisatorisk rationalitet, varseblivningsmässiga, tankemässiga, känslomässiga och språkliga faktorer. Vissa principer för konstruktion av flexibla, problem- och resultatorienterade organisationer skisseras, t.ex. snabb anpassning till ekologin. En hypotes uppställs om olika organisationstyper inom socialtjänsten. Motståndsproblemet berörs kritiskt. Medvetandeprocesser diskuteras och en allmän hypotes med ett form-innehålls-kontinuum för kulturella medvetandeprocesser skisseras. Innebörden av en symtom-åtgärds-modell respektive en problemfokuserande arbetsmodell vid konstruktion och utveckling av organisationer behandlas. Vidare hävdas att socialarbetarnas och klienternas resurser förtrycks av teknologiska former och formtänkande likt en ande i en flaska. Amöban mde sin rörlighet förespråkas som en förebild för en socialtjänstorganisation.
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| 10. |
- Johansson, Håkan
(författare)
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I det sociala medborgarskapets skugga : Rätten till socialbidrag under 1980- och 1990-talen
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Universalism, social rights and social citizenship are often considered as key concepts to describe the Swedish welfare state. However, in the beginning of the 1990s, the Swedish welfare state experienced a severe economic recession. In only a couple of years, the unemployment rate increased sharply as well as the number of social assistance recipients. These changes constitute the background for this thesis, which aim is to analyse the changed rights and duties of the recipients of social assistance in the Swedish welfare state during the 1980s and 1990s. The object of study is then the Social Service Act from 1982 and how the Supreme Administrative Court, the National Board of Health and Welfare and two municipalities have interpreted the Act. The study is based on official documents, reports and guidelines from these "interpreters". The two municipalities are Linköping and Norrköping. Theoretically, this thesis builds on T.H. Marshall's essay on social citizenship and social rights. Three different perspectives on how social assistance could be analysed as a social right are being discussed: (i) a poor-law perspective, (ii) a welfare state perspective and (iii) a legal perspective. One of the main findings in the dissertation is that there has been a clear shift concerning the interpretation of the right to social assistance. In the 1980s, the municipalities as well as the Supreme Administrative Court and the National Board of Health and Welfare tried to define the right to social assistance as if it was a social security benefit. They asserted that the means-tested feature of the social assistance system should be limited and tried to implement the routines of the social security system, i.e. they tried to adopt the principles of universalism. This way of defining the right to social assistance was abandoned in the early 1990s. The municipalities enforced clear obligations for the recipients and developed local work-projects. They also emphasised that means-testing was an important and central feature of the social assistance system. This shift was to a certain degree codified in the revised Act from 1998. Thereby, this study indicates that the Swedish welfare state has moved away from what has been seen as its ideal.
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