| 1. |
- Collin, Elias, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating Evaluations of Innovation Policy: Exploring Reliability, Methods, and Conflicts of Interest
- 2022. - 1
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Ingår i: Questioning the Entrepreneurial State : Status-quo, Pitfalls, and the Need for Credible Innovation Policy - Status-quo, Pitfalls, and the Need for Credible Innovation Policy. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1572-1922. - 9783030942755 - 9783030942731 - 9783030942724 ; 1, s. 157-173
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Expansions of innovation policies have been paralleled with an increasein the evaluations of such policies. Yet, there are few systematic evaluations of how such evaluations are conducted, by whom, and their overall conclusions. We analyze 110 evaluations of innovation policy in Sweden from 2005 to 2019. Our findings show that the majority of these evaluations are positive, about one-third are neutral in their conclusions, and very few are negative. The majority of evaluations were conducted by consulting firms, close to one-third by expert government agencies, and around 10% by university researchers or as self-evaluations by the governmental agencies responsible for the policy themselves. Few evaluations employed causal methods to assess the potential effects of policies. We discuss conflicts of interest and question the reliability of evaluations of innovation policy.
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| 2. |
- Coad, Alex, et al.
(författare)
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John Haltiwanger : recipient of the 2020 Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research
- 2022
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Ingår i: Small Business Economics. - : Springer Nature. - 0921-898X .- 1573-0913. ; 58:1, s. 15-25
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 2020 Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research has been awarded to Professor John Haltiwanger. John Haltiwanger has made significant contributions to the field of entrepreneurship by improving our understanding of job creation and destruction, productivity growth, and the role of small- and medium-sized firms (SMEs) in economic development. He has played a major role in the careful development of large, longitudinal firm-level datasets, and introduced a novel and widely adopted measure of firm growth that addresses previous statistical biases. His work has influenced public policy and national statistical offices around the world. Plain English Summary The winner of the 2020 Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research, John Haltiwanger, has pioneered research showing that it is mainly firm age, not size, that matters for job creation. Through analyzing the relationship between employment, growth, and firms, he has advanced our understanding of how the economy works. He has done this by building new datasets and introducing a new measure of firm growth, solving problems encountered with earlier techniques. His work has also broadened the policy debate on entrepreneurship and inspired people all around the world. From a policy perspective, John Haltiwanger has shown that it is difficult to justify targeted industrial and commercial policies, and if job creation is to be supported, politicians need to target young firms rather than small firms. These important findings from John Haltiwanger's pioneering work have been published in world-class leading academic and scientific journals.
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| 3. |
- Sebhatu, Abiel, et al.
(författare)
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Explaining the homogeneous diffusion of COVID-19 nonpharmaceutical interventions across heterogeneous countries
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490 .- 0097-3157 .- 1938-5293. ; 117:35, s. 21201-21208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyze the adoption of nonpharmaceutical interventions in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries during the early phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Given the complexity associated with pandemic decisions, governments are faced with the dilemma of how to act quickly when their core decision-making processes are based on deliberations balancing political considerations. Our findings show that, in times of severe crisis, governments follow the lead of others and base their decisions on what other countries do. Governments in countries with a stronger democratic structure are slower to react in the face of the pandemic but are more sensitive to the influence of other countries. We provide insights for research on international policy diffusion and research on the political consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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| 4. |
- Liss, Erik, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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Absolute income mobility and the effect of parent generation inequality : An extended decomposition approach
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Economic Review. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-2921 .- 1873-572X. ; 152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We use full-population data to study trends in intergenerational absolute income mobility, measured as the ratio of children earning more than their parents, for 11 Swedish cohorts born 1972–1983. Absolute mobility during this period increases from 72% to 84% for men and from 76% to 86% for women—higher figures than in most other countries studied. To explain these results, we outline a novel decomposition strategy that accounts for cohort variation in parent-generation income inequality. All else equal, if income inequality is higher in the parent generation, more economic growth is required to achieve any given level of absolute mobility. We discuss implications for comparative research in intergenerational income mobility.
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| 5. |
- Kazlou, Aliaksei, et al.
(författare)
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Skill Requirements and Employment of Immigrants in Swedish Hospitality
- 2023. - 1st Edition
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Ingår i: Migration and Integration in a Post-Pandemic World: Socioeconomic Opportunities and Challenges. - Cham, : Springer Nature. - 9783031191534 - 9783031191527 - 9783031191558 ; , s. 263-290
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter examines sorting of workers from various immigrant groups in Sweden into sectors and jobs comparing these patterns to jobs held by natives in the same sectors. A specific focus is put on the skill composition of jobs and how this differs among migrants’ and natives’ job sorting. We use matched data on jobs, employers, and workers in Swedish hospitality, construction, and retail sectors to document patterns of country of origin-based segmentation. Results show that immigrants primarily enter routine jobs requiring a higher level of technical skills compared to natives who are more often found in non-routine jobs requiring interpersonal skills. In construction and retail, immigrants and natives work mostly in non-routine jobs. These stark patterns of job segregation suggests that education and training efforts among migrant workers should consider the acquisition of language and interpersonal skills in addition to formal training and education.
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| 6. |
- Krohwinkel Karlsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing Whether Mission-Driven Innovation Makes a Difference: Mission Impossible? Developing a Guiding Framework for the Evaluation of Five Mission Driven Environments for Health in Sweden
- 2022
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mission-driven innovation (MDI) policies are founded on governmental attempts to address fundamental but complex societal challenges. The rationale behind such attempts is typically to influence the directionality of innovation towards addressing the perceived challenge. This report focuses on a particular instance of MDI policy executed by Sweden’s innovation agency, Vinnova: the funding of five so-called “mission-driven environments” (MDEs) in 2019. The policy in question is called ‘Vision-Driven Health’ and was initiated in 2019 to support the establishment of inter-organizational and cross-disciplinary coalitions that work towards a common vision and a long-term systemic transformation within the Swedish health care and life science sector.
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| 7. |
- Lakomaa, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Work Environment and Competition in Swedish Schools, 1999-2011
- 2020
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Research on schools’ work environment highlights socioeconomic conditions (SES) as primary drivers of work environment, but evidence to date is primarily limited to cross-sectional samples. Research on school competition has revealed important effects on educational outcomes, but effects on work environment are largely unknown. We bridge these literatures by studying the work environment in all Swedish junior high schools and high schools using detailed data on complaints and incidences of disorder, including violence. Comparing educational levels to gauge differences in degree of choice made possible by competition, we overall find more adverse work environment in junior high schools facing stronger school competition and with many low-SES students in either the school or the region. Conversely, we find better work environment in high schools facing stronger school competition, and in high schools with a large share of students with foreign background. To assess causal effects of competition on work environment we compare regions that introduced competition versus those that have not in a difference-in-difference framework. In such regions only complaints in high schools decrease after competition is introduced. We highlight the importance of including multiple measures of both competition and work environment.
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| 8. |
- Lerpold, Lin, et al.
(författare)
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Migration and Integration in a Post-Pandemic World
- 2023. - 1st Edition
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Ingår i: Migration and Integration in a Post-Pandemic World: Socioeconomic Opportunities and Challenges. - Cham, Switzerland : Springer Nature. - 9783031191534 - 9783031191527 - 9783031191558 ; , s. 385-409
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter forms the conclusion to Migration and Integration in a Post-pandemic World: Socioeconomic Opportunities and Challenges and attempts to integrate our broad knowledge of migration and integration before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. As the impacts and consequences of the virus will likely play out over a long time to come, it is at time of publication too early to definitively write post-pandemic. Our conclusion links the individual chapter contributions in this volume into the broader migration and integration literature before and during the pandemic and highlights each chapter’s unique insights into the migration and integration literature afforded by the globally critical event.
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| 9. |
- Lerpold, Lin, et al.
(författare)
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Migration, Integration, and the Pandemic
- 2023. - 1st Edition
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Ingår i: Migration and Integration in a Post-Pandemic World: Socioeconomic Opportunities and Challenges. - Cham, Switzerland : Springer Nature. - 9783031191534 - 9783031191527 - 9783031191558 ; , s. 1-28
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- International migration and the integration of new residents continue to be not just a key challenge but also an opportunity for nations around the world. Demographically aging nations are dependent on foreign workers to sustain their economies. Richer countries constitute beacons for upward mobility for those from more impoverished backgrounds. On the other hand, these same countries contribute to the “brain drain” that hampers the developing world. Meanwhile, migrant access, reception, and integration at destination are at the heart of policy debates and research alike.
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| 10. |
-
Migration and Integration in a Post-Pandemic World : Socioeconomic Opportunities and Challenges
- 2023. - 1st Edition
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As the world emerges from the COVID-19 pandemic, this book explores current migration and integration challenges. Against the background of long-term migration trends, it asks whether the pandemic has changed the patterns observed, transformed the circumstances international migrants face at destination or whether the opportunities and challenges for integration have been altered. Twenty-four researchers have contributed to this volume with research attention on how COVID-19 has affected transnationalism and identity, labour market employment, and impacted the discrimination of migrants in a variety of ways. Loyalties and tensions created by the need to include also hesitant migrant groups in vaccination programmes are explored. The role of cosmopolitanism and welfare chauvinism in narratives on inward migrations flows, the stance of trade unions on migration, the complexities of implementing return policies, and the challenges faced by unaccompanied refugee youth from Afghanistan are also discussed.
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