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- Olofsson, Eva, 1945-
(author)
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Har kvinnorna en sportslig chans? : den svenska idrottsrörelsen och kvinnorna under 1900-talet
- 1989
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This study examines the conditions of womens´s participation in organized sport. The Swedish Sport Confederation and the two associations with the largest number of female members, the Swedish Gymnastics Federation and the Swedish Football Association, have been studied. Gymnastics is a traditional sport for women and is mainly a fitness sport. Soccer is a competitive sport and a new sport for women. The discussions and decisions of the sports associations regarding women and sport have been analyzed through studies of official documents, minutes and debates. An interview study with female leaders in gymnastics and soccer completes the analysis of the documents.Women represent just over a third of the members of the sports movement. Women participate in fewer sports than men. They only dominate in non-competitive and in aesthetic sports. According to this study there is no female sport or womens´sport - apart from gymnastics - only male sport with female participants.The attitude of the sports movement is that women and men are different but the form and rules of competitive sport are based on equality. The social gender system and thus mens´control over womens´ participation in sport is obvious in the sport movement. Three female counterstrategies have been identified: in the beginning of the 20th century female gymnastics coaches developed a form of gymnastics for women based on the ideology of peculiarity; in the 1970s women claimed equality with men for their breakthrough into soccer; in the 1980s women try to combine the ideologies of equality and peculiarity through male sport behaviour and the accentuation of traditional femininity. Womens´subordinate position in the sports movement is reflected in the lower valuation of womens´sport performances. Sport is an essential part of male character building. The motives of health have always been emphasized for women. The official ideology has in recent years passed on to a general accentuation of the aspects of health, which has facilitated womens´participation in sport. This is contradicted by the development of top-level sport and its manifestations in the form of for example drug-taking.
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| 2. |
- Petersson, Göran, 1941
(author)
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Exposition för bilavgaser
- 1980
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In: Barnets totala trafikmiljö; NU 1980:16. - 9170525072 ; , s. 81-85
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Slutsatser av ett par års haltmätningar för avgasspecifika kolväten i tätortsmiljöer presenterades. Konstruerade diagram visades över hur expositionen typiskt varierar dels under en kort promenad utefter en gata och dels under ett helt dygn. Kunskaper om typiska haltskillnader mellan olika närmiljöer ger underlag både för trafikplanering och för den som själv omgående vill minska sin exposition.
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| 3. |
- Petersson, Göran, 1941
(author)
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Exposure to Traffic Exhaust
- 1987
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In: Traffic and Children´s Health; NHV 1987:2; Lennart Köhler & Hugh Jackson (eds). ; , s. 117-127
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Exhaust levels are high near to traffic, inside cars in queus and inside garages. Parents can warn their children to avoid places where exhaust can be smelt. Physical activity such as cycling increases uptake of the pollutants. Keeping a distance to vehicles is then particularly important.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Hellström, Anna-Lena, 1946, et al.
(author)
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Pad tests in children with incontinence.
- 1986
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In: Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology. - 0036-5599. ; 20:1, s. 47-50
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Different pad tests were compared in 50 incontinent children. In a 2-hour ward test with standardized activities and fluid provocation 70% were positive. In a simple 12-hour home test with 30 children 68% were positive; when a fluid provocation period was included in the home test with 20 children the frequency increased to 80%. Pad tests are easy to perform with children in the home and are valuable as screening instruments. Further, the simultaneous registration of events gives a more complete picture of the incontinence pattern.
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| 6. |
- Hellström, Anna-Lena, 1946, et al.
(author)
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Rehabilitation of the dysfunctional bladder in children: method and 3-year followup.
- 1987
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In: The Journal of urology. - 0022-5347. ; 138:4, s. 847-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A rehabilitation program has been developed for children with functional, nonneurogenic bladder disturbance. The basis for the program is a bladder regimen supplemented by biofeedback training if needed. Results in the first 70 children (64 girls and 6 boys) are presented. After 1 and 3 years 36 and 53 children, respectively, had completely normalized voiding patterns, that is they were continent, had no urgency, voided 3 to 6 times a day and emptied the bladder completely in 1 portion with a normal flow rate. The training program is applicable in children with varying urodynamic diagnoses and it has been used in children as young as 4 years old.
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| 7. |
- Hellström, Anna-Lena, 1946, et al.
(author)
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Terodiline in the treatment of children with unstable bladders.
- 1989
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In: British journal of urology. - 0007-1331. ; 63:4, s. 358-62
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A double-blind study of terodiline compared with placebo was performed in 58 children aged 6 to 14 years with urgency or urge incontinence. All had an unstable bladder at cystometry. A bladder regimen was emphasised during the study. Continence was improved according to micturition charting and a pad test in both groups. Terodiline at 25 mg/day, however, gave significantly better results than placebo. In patients with a subnormal bladder capacity (less than or equal to 150 ml), a significant increase in capacity was recorded on cystometry during medication with terodiline but not with placebo. The improved continence seen in the placebo group was probably due to the non-specific bladder training achieved by the child's increased awareness and adult involvement during treatment. The even better results attained in the terodiline group shows this drug to be a valuable adjunct to a bladder regimen in children with urge incontinence, particularly since no important adverse effects were noted during an 8-week period.
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| 10. |
- Holm, Einar, 1942-
(author)
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Att lokalisera utbildning, sysselsättning och boende
- 1984
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this study methods are developed for locating places of education, employment opportunities and housing.The first model allocates places for upper secondary (Am. High School) education in space with the aid of a location-allocation model using capacity constraints and distance-dependent demand. The solution is obtained by an heuristic node-swapping method. For each line of study it sets down the number of locations that could offer such courses, their physical location, their capacities and their geographical catchment areas. The educational resources are allocated according to a criteria that minimizes a weighted sum of geographical distances between the schools and their potential pupils, their applicants and the labour market. In connection with applications of the model, analyses suggest that the location and dimensioning of upper secondary education are primarily steered by the local pupil demand, secondly by the desire for an even regional allocation and thirdly by the demand from the local labour market.In the second model, government employment programmes are allocated among sectors of the economy and sub-districts within a municipality over time. The aim is to offer a sufficient number of employment opportunities for the lowest possible level of public expenditure - irrespective of which support sectors happened to have resources at their disposal at the time of investigation. Given frequencies of persons employed are sought for various groups of people, e.g. men, women, or peripheral residents in the municipality. One general result is that the existing allocation of support resources on sectors only yields less than half as many employment opportunities as could be provided with the same resource input allocated in a different way. Even with a more efficent resource allocation, the amount of support needs to be at least doubled in order to produce national average levels of employment over the long term, within the studied municipality.The third model represents a local housing market with a varying housing stock and population. The changes of accommodation are described for the individual households, giving information on preferences and restrictions. A large proportion of home moves are due to changes in the household composition, changes which are explained internally within the model. The model shows how the new production of housing should be distributed by types of dwelling in different geographically delimited areas over time. The individual's welfare losses during the wait for a new place to live and the costs of empty accommodation are weighed against each other in the allocation algorithm of the model. The model is qualitatively different from traditional models using aggregated data. However models with data on individuals, individual decision processes, and interplay between different actors can probably be developed into usable bases for decision.
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