| 1. |
- Petersson, Jesper, 1974
(författare)
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Geographies of eHealth: Studies of Healthcare at a Distance
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis examines the proliferation of healthcare services using information and communication technology to overcome spatial and temporal obstacles. These services are given such names as telemedicine and telecare, which are sometimes grouped together as telehealthcare under the umbrella term eHealth. My main argument is that a prevalent and overoptimistic rhetoric of how the possibilities of digitalization are expected to produce a homogenous and ubiquitous healthcare space conceals many of the spatiotemporal complexities involved in introducing telehealthcare and in the overall organizing of healthcare. To counteract such simplifications, I contend that we need a relational understanding of the technical and the geographical as always nested in the social and vice versa. With such an approach, it is arguably possible to begin to tease apart the many spatiotemporal entanglements of these innovations and to trace their political ramifications. This position is developed by integrating perspectives from science and technology studies with insights from human geography. The four constituent papers of this thesis pursue this argument in qualitatively grounded case studies of telehealthcare and its geographies. Paper I looks at various initiatives for fetal tele-ultrasonography, demonstrating that this practice cannot be reduced to a mere transparent relay for the speedy transmission of digital information across space and time. The paper investigates how its introduction could affect medical knowledge production, power hierarchies, and subject positions, for example, the status attributed to the fetal figure. Paper II traces Swedish transformations of telehealthcare. The use of telemedicine to reach those outside medicine’s range has arguably been accompanied by efforts to achieve intra-organizational streamlining via telemedicine. This process has continued with the emergence of telecare for personal use directed toward the overlapping groups of the elderly people and patients with chronic conditions. I contend that this shift can be understood through a geographical lens as attempts to save space and time by keeping as many patients as possible out of costly hospitalization and preventing them from engaging scarce specialist resources. Paper III compares four telemedicine projects in Sweden. In detailing how the purpose of practicing telemedicine differed between these projects in relation to, for example, the specifics of distance, care availability, and treated medical conditions, the paper demonstrates the existence of many versions of telemedicine. Whereas this fluidity could further the spread of telemedicine, it could also cause problems. To various actors wanting to use telemedicine in a homogenous and fixed way for national streamlining purposes, this diversity has generated confusion when they wished to align telemedicine in a preferred direction. The paper concludes that technology travels best when it can contain both fluid and fixed relationships. Paper IV argues that, whatever is claimed about creating a space- and time-independent healthcare by means of telehealthcare, the use of telecare to connect the standardized spaces of healthcare with the fluid everyday lives of elderly people and patients with chronic conditions actually works by unfolding new spaces of visibilities and establishing new temporalities as well. By investigating these spatiotemporalities, I demonstrate how these applications draw together discourses on individual freedom with medically derived algorithms and concerns about how to make best use of scarce healthcare resources.
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| 2. |
- Navas, Byron, et al.
(författare)
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On providing scalable self-healing adaptive fault-tolerance to RTR SoCs
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of ReConFigurable Computing and FPGAs (ReConFig), 2014 International Conference on. - 9781479959440 ; , s. 1-6
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dependability of heterogeneous many-core FPGA based systems are threatened by higher failure rates caused by disruptive scales of integration, increased design complexity, and radiation sensitivity. Triple-modular redundancy (TMR) and run-time reconfiguration (RTR) are traditional fault-tolerant (FT) techniques used to increase dependability. However, hardware redundancy is expensive and most approaches have poor scalability, flexibility, and programmability. Therefore, innovative solutions are needed to reduce the redundancy cost but still preserve acceptable levels of dependability. In this context, this paper presents the implementation of a self-healing adaptive fault-tolerant SoC that reuses RTR IP-cores in order to self-assemble different TMR schemes during run-time. The presented system demonstrates the feasibility of the Upset-Fault-Observer concept, which provides a run-time self-test and recovery strategy that delivers fault-tolerance over functions accelerated in RTR cores, at the same time reducing the redundancy scalability cost by running periodic reconfigurable TMR scan-cycles. In addition, this paper experimentally evaluates the trade-off of the implemented reconfigurable TMR schemes by characterizing important fault tolerant metrics i.e., recovery time (self-repair and self-replicate), detection latency, self-assembly latency, throughput reduction, and increase of physical resources.
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| 3. |
- Marcus, Lars, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Can spatial form support urban ecosystem services: Developing descriptions and measures to capture the spatial demands for pollination using the framework of space syntax
- 2014
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Ingår i: A|Z ITU Journal of Faculty of Architecture. - 1302-8324. ; 11:2, s. 255-270
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For sustainable urban development the idea of ecosystem services (ESS) is crucial, since it pinpoints how cities are dependent on local ecosystems and the wide range of services they provide for their welfare and survival. Pollination is an essential ESS for the majority of food production in the world and therefore also represents a tremendous monetary value that is provided by ecosystems for free. That wild pollinators are facing increasing threats due to urbanization and habitat fragmentation is therefore a distressing development. At the same time, it is also pointed out how cities have a great potential to sustain pollinator populations if properly designed and managed. However, the role of spatial form in supporting ecosystems services has so far not been studied. This is unfortunate, since it is at this scale that urban designers need knowledge if they are to support ESS. This paper presents, firstly, a conceptual discussion on the topic of spatial form of ESS and, secondly, a principal description of a methodological approach in which we propose to capture the spatial demands for pollination by developing descriptions and measures used in the framework of Space syntax. Thirdly, some preliminary results from a study in Stockholm will be presented as the ground for a discussion about the principal potentials of a spatial morphology of urban ecosystems.
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| 4. |
- Bannova, Olga, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER: CURRENT TRENDS IN INCORPORATING NEW TECHNOLOGIES INTO HOUSING INDUSTRY
- 2014
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Ingår i: 65th International Astronautical Congress, Proceedings.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In current world technological improvements and innovations are inseparable from everyday lifestyles everywhere around the world. There are some obvious and not so obvious correlations and analogies between approaches to sustainable living in space and on earth. These environments have many similar kinds of technical and operational priorities. Key among these are needs for appropriate transportation and construction systems, efficient energy, effective and environmentally-responsive waste management and life support systems, maintenance and repair provisions, and emergency accommodations. Space technologies have been and continue being implemented in housing and construction industry. Understanding current problems and challenges in construction and housing helps to form and outline strategies and techniques those industries require to be developed and implemented in order to meet sustainability criteria and help to shape responsible living practices. This paper investigates levels of feasibility of making cutting edge technologies be a part of our everyday life. To do so several common for space applications techniques are compared and analyzed.
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| 5. |
- Larsson, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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A treatment of the Zeeman effect using Stokes formalism and its implementation in the Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Simulator (ARTS)
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-4073 .- 1879-1352. ; 133, s. 445-453
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the practical theory that was used to implement the Zeeman effect using Stokes formalism in the Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Simulator (ARTS). ARTS now treats the Zeeman effect in a general manner for several gas species for all polarizations and takes into account variations in both magnetic and atmospheric fields along a full 3D geometry. We present how Zeeman splitting affects polarization in radiative transfer simulations and find that the effect may be large in Earth settings for polarized receivers in limb observing geometry. We find that not taking a spatially varying magnetic field into account can result in absolute errors in the measurement vector of at least 10K in Earth magnetic field settings. The paper also presents qualitative tests for O2 lines against previous models (61.15GHz line) and satellite data from Odin-SMR (487.25GHz line), and the overall consistency between previous models, satellite data, and the new ARTS Zeeman module seems encouraging.
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| 6. |
- Skyman, Andreas, 1982
(författare)
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Gyrokinetic simulations of turbulent transport in tokamak plasmas
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- With the enormous growth of high performance computing (HPC) over the last few decades, plasma physicists have gained access to a valuable instrument for investigating turbulent plasma behaviour. In this thesis, these tools are utilised for the study of particle transport in fusion devices of the tokamak variety.The transport properties of impurities is a major part of the work. This is of high relevance for the performance and optimisation of magnetic fusion devices. For instance, the possible accumulation of He ash in the core of the reactor plasma will serve to dilute the fuel, thus lowering fusion power. Heavier impurity species, originating from the plasma-facing surfaces, may also accumulate in the core, and wall-impurities of relatively low density may lead to unacceptable energy losses in the form of radiation. In an operational power plant, such as the ITER device, both impurities of low and high charge numbers will be present.This thesis studies turbulent particle transport driven by two different modes of drift wave turbulence: the trapped electron (TE) and ion temperature gradient (ITG) modes. Results for ITG mode driven impurity transport are also compared with experimental results from the Joint European Torus.Principal focus is on the balance of convective and diffusive transport, as quantified by the stationary density gradient of zero flux (“peaking factor”, PF). Quasi- and nonlinear results are obtained using the gyrokinetic code GENE, and compared with results from a computationally efficient multi-fluid model. The results are scalings of PF with the driving background gradients of temperature and density, and other parameters, including plasma shape and sheared toroidal rotation.
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| 7. |
- Sjögren, T.K., et al.
(författare)
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Suppression of Clutter in Multichannel SAR GMTI
- 2014
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. - 0196-2892 .- 1558-0644. ; 52:7, s. 4005-4013
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, the results of moving-target detection in multichannel UHF-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) dataare shown. The clutter suppression is done using finite-impulse response (FIR) filtering of multichannel SAR in combination with a two-stage fast-backprojection algorithm to focus the moving target using relative speed. The FIR filter coefficients are chosen with the use of space-time adaptive processing filtering. Two parameters are used for target focusing, target speed in range and in azimuth. When the target is focused, both speed parameters of the target are found. In the experimental results, two channels wereused in order to suppress clutter. In the resulting SAR images, it is obvious that very strong scatterers and the forest areas have been suppressed in comparison to the moving target in the image scene. The gain obtained can be measured using signal-to-clutterand- noise-ratio gain, which is about 19 dB. Another way to measure the signal processing gain is the ability to suppress the strongest reflecting object in the SAR scene. The gain of the targetin relation to this object is 25 dB. This shows that using UHF-band SAR ground moving target indication (GMTI) for suppressing forest and increasing the target signal can work.
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| 8. |
- Sant'Anna, Anita, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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A New Two-Degree-of-Freedom Space Heating Model for Demand Response
- 2014
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Ingår i: SMARTGREENS 2014. - [S. l.] : SciTePress. - 9789897580253 ; , s. 5-13
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In today’s fast changing electric utilities sector demand response (DR) programs are a relatively inexpensive means of reducing peak demand and providing ancillary services. Advancements in embedded systems and communication technologies are paving the way for more complex DR programs based on transactive control. Such complex systems highlight the importance of modeling and simulation tools for studying and evaluating the effects of different control strategies for DR. Considerable efforts have been directed at modeling thermostatically controlled appliances. These models however operate with only one degree of freedom, typically, the thermal mass temperature. This paper proposes a two-degree-of-freedom residential space heating system composed of a thermal storage unit and forced convection system. Simulation results demonstrate that such system is better suited for maintaining thermal comfort and allows greater flexibility for DR programs. The performance of several control strategies are evaluated, as well as the effects of model and weather parameters on thermal comfort and power consumption.
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| 9. |
- Persson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Stripline split-ring resonator with integrated optogalvanic sample cell
- 2014
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Ingår i: Laser Physics Letters. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 1612-2011 .- 1612-202X. ; 11:4, s. 045701-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intracavity optogalvanic spectroscopy (ICOGS) has been proposed as a method for unambiguous detection of rare isotopes. Of particular interest is 14C, where detection of extremely low concentrations in the 1:1015 range (14C:12C), is of interest in, e.g., radiocarbon dating and pharmaceutical sciences. However, recent reports show that ICOGS suffers from substantial problems with reproducibility. To qualify ICOGS as an analytical method, more stable and reliable plasma generation and signal detection are needed. In our proposed setup, critical parameters have been improved. We have utilized a stripline split-ring resonator microwave-induced microplasma source to excite and sustain the plasma. Such a microplasma source offers several advantages over conventional ICOGS plasma sources. For example, the stripline split-ring resonator concept employs separated plasma generation and signal detection, which enables sensitive detection at stable plasma conditions. The concept also permits in situ observation of the discharge conditions, which was found to improve reproducibility. Unique to the stripline split-ring resonator microplasma source of in this study, is that the optogalvanic sample cell has been embedded in the device itself. This integration enabled improved temperature control and more stable and accurate signal detection. Significant improvements are demonstrated, including reproducibility, signal-to-noise ratio and precision.
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| 10. |
- Marcus, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Toward an integrated theory of spatial morphology and resilient urban systems
- 2014
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Ingår i: Ecology and Society. - 1708-3087. ; 19:4, s. 55-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We take the first step in the development of a new field of research with the aim of merging spatial morphology and resilience science. This involves a revisiting and reunderstanding of the meaning of sustainable urban form. We briefly describe the fields of resilience science and spatial morphology. Drawing on a selected set of propositions in both fields, we put urban form in the context of the adaptive renewal cycle, a dynamic framework model used in resilience science to capture the dynamics of complex adaptive systems, of which urban systems are prime examples. We discuss the insights generated in this endeavor, dealing with some key morphological aspects in relation to four key attributes of resilience, i.e., "change," "diversity," "self-organization," and "learning." We discuss and relate these to urban form and other social variables, with special attention paid to the " backloop phase" of the adaptive renewal cycle. We conclude by postulating ways in which resilience thinking could contribute to the development of a new research frontier for addressing designs for resilient urban social-ecological systems, and end by proposing three strategic areas of research in such a field.
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