| 1. |
- Persson, Bertil R
(författare)
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Global distribution of 7Be, 210Pb and, 210Po in the surface air (with Appendix A-E)
- 2016
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the effort of modelling the global distribution 7Be, 210Pb and 210Po in surface air, the results from exploration of radioactivity exploration from the Arctic to the Antarctic during 1980 to 1996 are compiled with the results reported by other authors. Partial least square regression modelling PLS-regression, predict missing 7Be, 210Pb and 210Po values of air concentration or annual deposition. All available data of air concentration and deposition, of these radionuclides are then correlated with geophysical parameters. The results indicate that the global latitudinal distribution of 7Be air concentration was rather flat, with an overall global average of 4.2 (SE 0.4) mBq.m-3, although with a slight dip at the equator and decrease towards high latitudes. The corresponding latitudinal distribution was also flat, and decreased slightly at high and low altitudes, with overall global average of 7Be annual deposition was 1500 (SE 100) Bq.m-3.a-1. The 7Be deposition rate estimated from reported annual mean air concentration and annual deposition is 13.4 +/- 1.7 (SE) mm.s-1. By using PLS-r modelling of either air concentrations or annual depositions, the average deposition rate of 7Be was estimated to 12.3 +/- 1.6 (SD) mm.s-1. The 7Be deposition-rate don´t vary significantly with longitude, latitude or geometrical average year of sampling date. Linear regression with height, however, is negative with a coefficient of - 0.02. At sea level, the 7Be deposition-rate was estimated to 13 mm.s-1, while at a height of 800 m it was predicted to be 7 mm.s-1. The 16 values of 7Be deposition rate, reported in the literature, are widely scattered (SD = 18) with an average of about 18 mm.s-1. The latitudinal distribution of the activity concentration of 210Pb in air showed a maximum of about 600 +/- 200 micoBq.m-3 around 45 oN with a steady decrease towards higher and lower latitudes. Minimum values of 400 micoBq.m-3 and 80 micoBq.m-3 were estimated at 90 oN and at 90 oS respectively. The latitudinal distribution of all 210Pb air concentration values (micoBq.m-3) is given by the following equation: log10[210Pb] = 2.52 + 0.0083·(Latitude) - 9.87.10-5· (Latitude)2. The latitudinal distribution of all 210Pb annual deposition values (Bq.m-2.a-1) showed a maximum of about 200 +/- 100 Bq.m-2.a-1 around 45 oN, with a steady decrease towards higher and lower latitudes. A minimum of 100 Bq.m-2.a-1 was predicted at 90 oN, although a value of 17 +/- 4 Bq.m-2.a-1 has been recorded at 84.4 oN 2.3 oW. At 90 oS the predicted 210Pb annual deposition was 3 Bq.m-2.a-1. The 210Pb deposition rate was estimated 12.5 +/- 0.7 mm.s-1 with no significant variation with latitude, height, or average of interval of sampling date. With longitude, however, the 210Pb deposition rate varied significantly (linear k=0.02) R=0.99. The values of 210Po air concentration around 20 - 45 oN ranged between 50 – 1000 micoBq.m-3 with a mean of 200 micoBq.m-3, and the 210Po annual deposition ranged between 20-800 Bq.m-2.a-1 with a mean of 100 Bq.m-2.a-1. The longitudinal distribution of the 210Po/210Pb activity ratios follow a narrow linear relation from 0.2 at 90 oW to 1.0 at 170 oE. While the 210Po air concentration and annual deposition are widely distributed along the longitudes with a slight decrease west of the Greenwich meridian.
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| 2. |
- Persson, Bertil R, et al.
(författare)
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II INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ONRADIOECOLOGICAL CONCENTRATION PROCESSES : II INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 50 years later
- 2016
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- From the 6th to the 9th of November 2016, in the meeting hall of Centro Nacional de Aceleradores(University of Seville, Seville, Spain) took place the “II International Conference onRadioecological Concentration Processes (50 years later)” under the joint organization of theUniversities of Seville (Spain) and Gothenburg (Sweden). With this event, the organization try tocommemorate the fifty years anniversary of the first Radioecological Concentration ProcessesConference hold in Stockholm, which is recognized as an extremely important event whichcontributed to the birth of the modern radioecology: In the pioneer 1966 conference, more than 100communications were presented and a good number of participants played afterwards an essentialrole in the development and growing of the radioecology as scientific discipline.The first conference had as a main motivation the dissemination of the radioecological studiesappearing at that time associated to the nuclear weapon tests performed by USA and the formerUSSR at the end of the 1950s or beginning of the 1960s. Since then, a lot of anthropogenicemissions of radioactivity (provoked or accidental) have occurred, being remarkable at the dates ofthis II edition the 30 years passed since the Chernobyl accident and the 5 years passed from theFukushima accident. In addition, the emergence of new analytical techniques has made possible toextend the radioecological studies to new radionuclides and environmental compartments.With this II edition of the Conference, the promotors have tried to obtain information about theactual status of the radioecology over the world, to evaluate the advances reached during the lastyears and to plan the development of some priority research lines to be followed along the first halfof the XXI century. Just thinking in the future of the radioecology, special efforts were devoted tostimulate the active participation, through presentation of communications, of young researchers.
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| 3. |
- Persson, Bertil R, et al.
(författare)
-
Radioactivity Exploration from the Arctic to the Antarctic
- 2016
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book is dedicated to professor emeritus Bengt Forkman (Nuclear Physics, Lund University) who in 1979 took the initiative to arrange an environmental radioactivity research program for the Ymer-80 expedition. He engaged his old friend Bertil Persson whom he during the 1960th inspired to university studies in Lund who just been promoted to professor of Radioecology at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences in Uppsala. Bertil Persson was tutor for Elis Holm at Lund University, who for his thesis was engaged in radiochemical analysis of plutonium isotopes in the environment. Elis Holm became deeply involved in management of Ymer-80 and all the following expeditions as well. We found a superior talent for the logistics in Kjell-Åke Carlsson (who was mechanical engineer at the department of radiation physics at Lund University). Without him, we would not have been able to solve all the thousands of practical issues and contacts with authorities and sponsors. He also contributed with the diaries extensive photographic and video documentation of all the expeditions. We have together compiled this book although several others were partly engaged in the various expeditions to whom we are deeply thankful for their contributions. They will appear as contributors in the separate parts of this book: 1. Ymer-80 (Bengt Forkman, Boel Forkman, Lars Ahlgren (diseased) 2. Swedarp 1988-1989 (Per Roos, Birgitta Roos) 3. Arctic Ocean 1991 4. Tundra Expedition 5. Arctic Ocean 1996 (Dan Josefsson, Mats Ericsson) Our first Arctic expedition “Ymer-80” was conducted during the period June 23 - 0ctober 6 1980, to commemorate the discovery of the Northeast Passage by Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld in 1878-1880. The vessel used for the expedition was the Swedish icebreaker, M/S Ymer. The use of such a heavy icebreaker made areas permanently covered with ice accessible to extensive scientific activity by various research teams. The aim of our radio-ecological research was to investigate present levels and sources of both natural and man-made radioactivity in the Arctic air and marine environment, and to study the pathways and distribution of these radionuclides in different compartments. Apart from caesium and plutonium isotopes, we also investigated natural radioactive elements, such as uranium and thorium in water, as well as radon and radon daughters in the air (Holm et al., 1983, Samuelsson et al., 1986). In the Arctic water samples were collected between 57°N to 82.8 °E, and enhanced levels of 137Cs was found along the Norwegian coast caused by 137Cs released from European nuclear fuel reprocessing facilities spread by the Gulf Stream along the Norwegian coast. We also found hot spot of plutonium in the Arctic Ocean. During the expedition, far out in the ice. Far out in the Arctic ice Bertil Persson received a call on short wave radio from the Chancellor of Lund University, Håkan Westling, who asked if he would accept promotion as professor in Medical radiation Physics and Head of Radiation Physics at Lund University Hospital. The answer was “Yes”, and so the exploration of environmental radioactivity proceeded. The second expedition “Swedarp” took place during Nov 1988 to Feb 1989. The research platform was the ship, M/S Stena Arctica, with air-sampling device installed on board. We started from Gothenburg (67.4oN; 12oE) with the first destination Montevideo (34.8oS; 56.2oW). From Montevideo, we continued to the Swedish permanent base “Svea” at the North shelf of Antarctica. After unloading supply and equipment for the continental research group, the ship continued to the Argentinean base “Marambio”. The expedition members were allowed to visit “Paulet Island” with the remains of the stone-hut, built by the Swedish captain Carl Anton Larsen and his crew during 1903-04, after that their vessel "Antarctic" was shattered by the ice masses in the Weddell Sea and sank. The third expedition in 1991 was to the Arctic Ocean with the Swedish icebreaker M/S Oden. The research program was focused on oceanography and geology in the western parts of the Eurasian Basin, the north west Markov Basin and parts of the Barents sea (Josefsson, 1998 , Roos et al., 1998). By using pumps of the ship, samples of surface-water, were collected and processed in 200 l vessels in our laboratory accommodated in a container on board. The forth expedition was the joint Swedish-Russian “Tundra Ecology-94” expedition during 1994 with the Russian ice-breaking research vessel R/V Akademik Fedorov a platform, along a coastline of 3500 km-from the Kola Peninsula 10°E to Kolyuchinskaya Bay 173°E. Air sampling was performed during the route along the Norwegian and North Siberian coastlines and water samples were collected from the vessels cooling water system. Continuous sampling of caesium took place with a separate pump and a pipe hanging from the rail. Finally, in 1996 we returned to the Arctic Ocean with the Swedish icebreaker M/S Oden. This expedition focused on studying the distribution of radionuclides in different water masses of the central Arctic Ocean. The expedition crossed the Barents Sea, entered the Nansen Basin at the St. Anna Trough, and continued north across the Amundsen Basin. The main part of the expedition was concentrated on the north Lomonosov Ridge and the return route passed the North Pole and went south along 10 oE towards Svalbard. Water samples from the surface and subsurface layers, as well as bottom sediments, were collected for analysis of fission products and transuranic elements in seawater and sediment.
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| 4. |
- Persson, Bertil R, et al.
(författare)
-
Radioactivity Exploration : From the Arctic to the Antarctic
- 2017
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- This book is dedicated to professor emeritus Bengt Forkman (Nuclear Physics, Lund University) who in 1979 took the initiative to arrange an environmental radioactivity research program for the Ymer-80 expedition. He engaged his old friend Bertil Persson whom he during the 1960th inspired to university studies in Lund and who 1980 has been promoted to professor of Radioecology at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences in Uppsala, Sweden. Bertil Persson was tutor for Elis Holm at Lund University, who for his thesis was engaged in radiochemical analysis of plutonium isotopes in the environment. Elis Holm became deeply involved in Ymer-80 and management of all the following expeditions as well. We found a superior talent for the logistics in Kjell-Åke Carlsson (who was mechanical engineer at the department of radiation physics at Lund University). Without him, we would not have been able to solve all the thousands of practical issues and contacts with authorities and sponsors. He also contributed with the diaries extensive photographic and video documentation of all the expeditions. Unfortunately he died in October 2016 just as we finished the first draft of the manuscript to this book, that here is published to his memory.
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