| 1. |
- Anåker, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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The physical environment and multi-professional teamwork in three newly built stroke units
- 2020
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1464-5165 .- 0963-8288. ; , s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To explore multi-professional teamwork in relation to the physical environment in three newly built or renovated stroke units. Materials and methods: An observational study was undertaken. The participants were all staff members of a multi-professional team working in the reviewed stroke units. The data were collected using behavioural mapping and semi-structured observations, and they were analysed by content analysis and descriptive statistics. Results: Out of all the observations in the behavioural mapping, very few were of two or more members from the team together with a patient. None of the included stroke units had a co-location for all the members of the multi-professional team. Three main categories emerged from the analysis of the interviews: (i) the hub of the unit; (ii) the division of places; and (iii) power imbalance. All the categories reflected the teamwork in relation to parts of the physical environment. Conclusion: The design of the physical environment is important for multi-professional teamwork. Emphasis must be placed on better understanding the impact of the physical environment and on incorporating the evidence related to multi-professional teamwork during the design of stroke units.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Understanding the link between the physical environment and effective teamwork can lead to more tailored and supportive design solutions. The design of the physical environment should be considered as a vital part of effective teamwork in stroke units. The physical environment should include shared workstations, allowing team members to meet and communicate face to face.
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| 2. |
- Eriksson, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational therapists' perceptions of implementing a client-centered intervention in close collaboration with researchers : A mixed methods study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 27:2, s. 142-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Integration of research-based knowledge in health care is challenging. Occupational therapists (OTs) need to implement new research-based interventions in clinical practice. Therefore it is crucial to recognize and understand the factors of specific barriers and facilitators affecting the implementation process. Aim: To identify the key factors important for OTs during the implementation process of a complex intervention.Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study with a combination of qualitative and quantitative data in a mixed method design. Forty-one OTs and 23 managers from three county councils in Sweden, responded to a questionnaire one year after the OTs participation in a workshop to prepare for implementation of a client-centered activity of daily living intervention for persons with stroke.Results: Over 70% of the OTs benefitted from reading and discussing articles in the workshop; 60% had faith in the intervention; 69% reported usability of the intervention. High level of support from managers was reported, but less from team members. The therapists' interaction, perceptions of own efforts and contextual influence affected the implementation process.Conclusion: The workshop context with facilitation and access to evidence, supportive organizations and teams, sufficient interaction with researchers and satisfying self-image were successful key factors when involved in research.
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| 3. |
- Fjellström, Markus, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Approaching historic reindeer herding in Northern Sweden by stable isotope analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Nordic Archaeological Science. - 1650-1519. ; 19, s. 63-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A strong cultural connection exists between reindeer and modern Sámi identityand economy. Reindeer domestication is, however, a rather late event, andthere are many Sámi who live off resources other than reindeer herding. Theuse of stable isotope analysis on historic reindeer from different geographicareas can contribute to analysing both the processes involved in reindeer domesticationand different environmental utilization by the Sámi. In this study,reindeer bones from six different sites in northern Sweden, ranging in datefrom the 11th to the 20th century, were analysed for stable isotopes to studyhow reindeer have been utilized in various historic contexts – settlements,offering sites and a marketplace. The stable isotope analysis demonstrateddifferent practices in utilization of reindeer, such as foddering. Foddering issuggested to have caused the elevated δ15N values found in reindeer at theoffering sites Vindelgransele and Unna Saiva, as well as at the settlementVivallen. The analysis further indicates that the offering sites were used bysingle Sámi groups. An important outcome of our study is that the biologyof reindeer in Sápmi was culturally influenced by the Sámi even before thereindeer was domesticated.
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| 4. |
- Fjellström, Markus, 1987-
(författare)
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Food Cultures in Sápmi : An interdisciplinary approach to the study of the heterogeneous cultural landscape of northern Fennoscandia AD 600–1900
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to highlight the heterogeneous cultural landscape in Sápmi through the study of food. By studying food and the choices of specific foodstuffs in Sápmi AD 600–1900, a greater understanding can be gained on the history of this area during the period. A number of well-known archaeological sites in Sápmi have been chosen as the focus, dating from the Late Iron Age in north-central Sweden to the late-19th century in northern Norway. By means of stable isotope analysis (δ13C, δ15N, δ34S and 87Sr/86Sr) and elemental analysis on human and animal skeletal remains, the diversity in food culture has been studied. The chronological range in this thesis is rather broad but has been determined by the available archaeological skeletal material from the area. The overarching questions are how cultural diversity is reflected in different food practices, how individual life history and studies of mobility contribute to the understanding of life in Sápmi, what role the reindeer had in the diet in Sápmi during the period studied, and finally, what impact mining activities had on the local population in Sillbajåhkå/Silbojokk in terms of lead poisoning?Through the different case studies, it has been demonstrated that food consumption was by no means uniform and static during the period, and that the differences in food consumption reflect a multicultural landscape. Individuals buried in Vivallen had a diet based on terrestrial and freshwater resources, in contrast to individuals from Guollesuolu/Gullholmen and Kirkegårdsøya, who had diets based predominantly on marine protein. However, the diet of individuals buried at Gullholmen was much more varied than at Kirkegårdsøya, indicating a multi-ethnic presence. The intra-individual analysis of diet and mobility provided information on a more complex society. Whether they were Sámi or non-Sámi is difficult to assess, but they were clearly a culturally heterogeneous group of people. The individuals that were buried in Rounala and Sillbajåhkå/Silbojokk in northern Sweden had a mixed diet, including foodstuffs from terrestrial, freshwater and/or marine environments. The sites overlap chronologically, with Rounala dating from the 14th to the 18th century, and Silbojokk from the 17th to the 18th century. While individuals buried in Rounala had a mixed diet, focused on freshwater fish, individuals buried in Silbojokk had a much more varied diet. Through the analysis of sulphur and strontium isotopes, it was possible to investigate intra-individual change in diet and mobility. Further, the results indicated that reindeer protein was not a major food source at the sites studied.The mining activities at Silbojokk can be seen as the result of colonial infraction on nature and people in Sápmi by the Swedish state, with an immense and negative impact on the environment and for people there. This thesis includes the analysis and handling of human skeletal remains, which always has ethical implications: even more so in areas subjected to colonialism, such as Sápmi. My aim has been to highlight the importance of discussing reburial and repatriation and offer some thoughts on how this may be handled in the future.
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| 5. |
- Harris, Alison J. T., 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Archives of human-dog relationships : Genetic and stable isotope analysis of Arctic fur clothing
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Anthropological Archaeology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0278-4165 .- 1090-2686. ; 59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Among Indigenous populations of the Arctic, domestic dogs (Canislupus familiaris) were social actors aiding in traction and subsistence activities. Less commonly, dogs fulfilled a fur-bearing role in both the North American and Siberian Arctic. Examples of garments featuring dog skins were collected during the 19th-20th centuries and are now curated by the National Museum of Denmark. We sequenced the mitochondrial genomes of macroscopically identified dog skin garments. We conducted stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratio analysis of the dog furs and of fur samples from contemporaneous pelts of Arctic (C. lupus arctos) and grey (C. lupus) wolves. Despite the presence of biocides used to protect the fur clothing during storage, we extracted well-preserved DNA using a minimally-invasive sampling protocol. Unexpectedly, the mtDNA genomes of one-third of the samples were consistent with wild taxa, rather than domestic dogs. The strong marine component in the diets of North American dogs distinguished them from Greenland and Canadian wolves, but Siberian dogs consumed diets that were isotopically similar to wild species. We found that dog provisioning practices were variable across the Siberian and North American Arctic, but in all cases, involved considerable human labor.
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| 6. |
- Harris, Alison J. T., 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Diversity in Labrador Inuit sled dog diets : Insights from δ13C and δ15N analysis of dog bone and dentine collagen
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-409X .- 2352-4103. ; 32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sled dogs were an integral part of Labrador Inuit life from the initial expansion and settlement of northeastern Canada to the present day. Tasked with pulling sleds and assisting people with other subsistence activities in the winter, dogs required regular provisioning with protein and fat. In this paper, we conduct stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratio analysis of the skeletal remains of dogs (n=35) and wild fauna (n=68) from sites located on the north and south coasts of Labrador to characterize dog provisioning between the 15th to early 19th centuries. In addition, we analyse bone (n=20) and dentine (n=4) collagen from dogs from Double Mer Point, a communal house site in Hamilton Inlet to investigate how dog diets intersected with Inuit subsistence and trade activities at a local level. We find that dog diets were largely composed of marine mammal protein, but that dogs on the north coast consumed more caribou and fish relative to dogs from the central and south coast sites. The diets of dogs from Double Mer Point were the most heterogenous of any site, suggesting long-distance movement of people and/or animals along the coast.
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| 7. |
- Harris, Alison, 1982-
(författare)
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Palaeodiet and Infant Feeding in Coastal Arctic Settlements : Insights from stable isotope analysis of bone and dentine collagen and amino acids
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation investigates the day-to-day activities that sustained human societies in the arctic and subarctic environments of North America and Siberia over the past 1500 years. Maintenance activities, such as food preparation, childcare, and the care of domestic animals, are commonly inflected by social identity and can provide insight into the experience of gender among archaeological and historical populations. This PhD combined stable isotope analysis of bulk bone collagen and single amino acids, with ethnographic research and ancient DNA analysis to answer a number of research questions, such as, how can the effects of destructive biomolecular sampling protocols be minimized?; how were sled dogs provisioned across the Arctic?; how can palaeodietary research inform our understanding of social relationships between humans and dogs?; how long were human infants breastfed among Bering Sea hunter-gatherers?The dissertation is comprised of five studies: a review of stable isotope studies of late Holocene Arctic populations; a methodological paper presenting a best practice for the pre-treatment of humic-contaminated bone samples, and three bioarchaeological applications that variously employ stable isotope analysis of bulk bone collagen, DNA analysis of dog furs, and isotopic analysis of amino acids. The isotopic evidence for dog diets largely corresponds to zooarchaeological and ethnographic evidence for local subsistence practices. Dog bones dating to between the 15th and 19th centuries, from coastal Labrador, Canada, carried a strong marine isotope signature as did dog furs collected during the early 20th century in Greenland, coastal Labrador, and Alaska. Dogs living among reindeer herders in early 20th century Siberia consumed terrestrial protein sources, while those on the Kamchatka Peninsula consumed terrestrial protein supplemented by limited quantities of salmon. Dog provisioning required considerable human labour and was an important structuring component of daily life in the Arctic. The final study presents the first analysis of infant feeding practices among prehistoric hunter-gatherers of the Bering Sea coast. This study uses stable isotope analysis of bulk collagen from dentine increments to show that breastfeeding and weaning practices varied considerably across the sampled group. The novel isotopic analysis of amino acids from dentine suggests those amino acids, such as lysine, that are routed directly from diet to collagen, show promise for distinguishing between the dual influences of diet and systemic stress on the nitrogen isotope values of human proteins.In the thesis summary, I also include a discussion of the ethics of bioarchaeological practice. Indigneous Arctic cultures are frequently the focus of archaeological study in Canada, Scandinavia, the United States, and Russia, but among these regions, the legislation designed to protect Indigenous cultural heritage differs dramatically. In light of the increasing number of bioarchaeological studies conducted in Siberia, I review regional differences in the codes of bioarchaeological practice and, drawing on bioarchaeological research in other international contexts, suggest some possible solutions for future work.
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| 8. |
- Holmlund, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating the feasibility of ReWork-SCI : a person-centred intervention for return-to-work after spinal cord injury
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 10:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To evaluate the feasibility of: (1) ReWork-SCI with regard to adherence and acceptability and (2) a study design for evaluating ReWork-SCI with regard to recruitment, retention and outcome measures. Design Pre-test and post-test, single group, feasibility study. Setting Spinal cord injury (SCI) unit at a regional rehabilitation centre in Sweden. Participants Two women and five men (n=7). Eligible criteria: (1) sustained traumatic or non-traumatic SCI; (2) completed the first acute care episode in a hospital; (3) between 18 to 65 years of age; (4) assessed by a physician as approachable for participation in the intervention; (5) history of permanent or temporary employment; (6) self-reported desire to return to work; and (7) ability to communicate in English or Swedish. Intervention ReWork-SCI is a person-centred intervention for return-to-work (RTW), developed and evaluated using the Medical Research Council's guidelines. ReWork-SCI follows a person-centred, structured and coordinated intervention process led by a coordinator within a SCI rehabilitation team. Outcome measures The feasibility of ReWork-SCI and a study design was evaluated using a set of outcome measurement tools, vocational data, logbooks and semi-structured interviews. Results All eligible participants accepted enrolment and follow-up. All participants had a plan for RTW after 3 months and four participants had initiated part-time work or work trial 6 months after commencement of intervention. Adherence and acceptability were overall good. Challenges of the intervention related to the person-centred follow-up, staff shortage and rootedness in the SCI team. Conclusions ReWork-SCI was feasible and can contribute to a systematic design of an individualised plan, facilitate decision-making and build trust in the RTW process after SCI. Core features of the intervention was the systematic structure, use of a person-centred approach and dialogue with the employer. For the effectiveness of ReWork-SCI, modifications and considerations of study design are needed.
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| 9. |
- Malmius, Anita, 1945-
(författare)
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Burial textiles : Textile bits and pieces in central Sweden, AD 500–800
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis concerns the role and use of archaeological textiles (AT) deposited in inhumation and cremation burials in Sweden dating from 500–800 AD. The AT are studied in their burial context, including all other grave goods, emphasizing that they were as important as a source for understanding society in prehistory as they are today. Textiles take a long time to produce, from the collection and gathering of raw materials such as wool, flax, silk, seaweed, birch bark, bast, bulrush, down and feathers and dyestuffs, to spinning, fulling, dyeing, weaving and skin and fur preparation, and finally to garment production. Furthermore, weaving and other types of handicraft demand logical thinking and creativity, in order to transform an idea into reality.Despite the fact that textile reconstructions are so time-consuming and require both knowledge and know-how, reconstructions of prehistoric clothing in publications or in museums are often based on very few facts, and these are mostly obtained from the small fragments of prehistoric burial textiles that have been preserved.A total of 108 Swedish graves containing AT are discussed in this thesis, dating from the Bronze Age up to the beginning of the Viking Age. During the period in question there was a gradual change in the material culture and burial customs, although two major changes in AT can be observed, around 550 and 800 AD. Around 550 AD a new elite boat-burial tradition started in the Mälaren Valley in Uppland in which the textiles included new non-figurative patterned fabrics such as soumak, honeycomb and warp or weft float. These fabrics occurred most frequently in the Early and Middle Merovingian Periods, and many of them probably came from the Continent as gifts, exchange goods, status articles, etc. It is also possible that skilled, imaginative weavers in Sweden invented some of the textile techniques.To understand burial customs and textile habits in Scandinavia during the period analysed here, one has to be aware that Frankish and Alemannic burial concepts were adopted. The textiles preserved from that time, the grave forms and the burial rituals show that the Scandinavian elite belonged to the same cultural sphere.Around 800 AD, at the transition from the Merovingian Period to the Viking Age, a change is noted in AT, including the introduction of silk, but also a shift in the use of metal threads from gold to primarily silver. This involved a shift in influences from Western Europe to the East.The AT used in the burials served three main functions: as clothing, bedding and covers or wrappings of various sorts (such as tarpaulins of birch bark, saddles or caparisons for horses and padding for shield handles). The results show that the AT used in the boat-graves were mainly identified as mattress covers, cushions, pillows, horse equipment, linings and other forms of covers and wrappings. This is in contrast to the AT in other inhumation and cremation graves from the Merovingian Period, which above all belonged to the clothing category. Detailed studies of individual boat-burials have made it possible to show that the tradition varied within Uppland, the only common denominator being the boat.
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| 10. |
- Skipitytė, Raminta, et al.
(författare)
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Diet patterns in medieval to early modern (14th-early 20th c.) coastal communities in Lithuania 299-312
- 2020
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Ingår i: Anthropologischer Anzeiger. - : Schweizerbart. - 0003-5548 .- 2363-7099. ; 77:4, s. 299-312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coastal residents are quite often expected to consume a significant amount of aquatic resources, though historical evidence often reveals a rather complex diet. To better understand the actual consumption and the distribution of various foods, stable isotope (delta C-13 and delta N-15) analyses were employed to skeletal remains from three coastal communities, Palanga, Kretinga and Smelte, ranging in date from the medieval period to the early modern ages (14th-early 20th c.) near the Curonian Lagoon and the Baltic Sea in Lithuania Animal bones from the region, covering the same time periods, were also analysed. Stable isotope results were compared with historical records. According to historical sources different types of diet were prevalent during that period of time: Medieval Prussian-Lithuanian peasant, Lithuanian fisherman, German urban, and religious-based. Elevated delta N-15 values for Smelte samples suggest a diet consisting of considerable amounts of freshwater fish protein, which is in contrast to historical sources. There were no significant differences in stable isotope values between males and females, while subadult delta N-15 values were significantly higher than adult ones, indicating that those children were breastfed for an extended period. Meanwhile, Palanga and Kretinga samples had isotope values suggesting a high reliance on terrestrial resources and a peasant type of diet.
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