| 1. |
- Sterner, Thomas, 1952, et al.
(författare)
-
Discounting and Relative Prices
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Climatic Change. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0165-0009 .- 1573-1480. ; 84, s. 265-280
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 2. |
- Westerlund, Tommy, 1952, et al.
(författare)
-
The quality of self-care counselling by pharmacy practitioners, supported by IT-based clinical guidelines.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Pharmacy world & science : PWS. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0928-1231 .- 1573-739X. ; 29:2, s. 67-72
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of the study was to assess the quality of self-care counselling from pharmacy practitioners, supported by national clinical guidelines. The research questions addressed (1) the distribution of symptoms among customers in need of self-care counselling, (2) the quality of the self-care advice provided by pharmacy practitioners, (3) the degree of customer compliance with appropriate pharmacy advice versus the extent of symptom relief, (4) and versus a subsequent medical care visit, and (5) which resource the customers would have turned to in the first place for their ailments, had the pharmacy practitioner not been available. SETTING: Three large community pharmacies with non-prescription self-selection departments in central Sweden. METHODS: Ten pharmacy practitioners counselled all customers > or = 18 years old, with whom a dialogue was initiated on advice or products for self-care. The counselling was based on national clinical guidelines for self-care advice in the form of a software decision support program. The data collection consisted of documentation of background customer information, independent assessments of the quality of the advice provided and of telephone follow-ups. RESULTS: Of all documented symptoms (n = 250), the most common were allergy (26.4%), musculoskeletal symptoms (8.4%) and dyspepsia (7.2%). Independent assessments of the documentation by a physician and a pharmacist found that self-care advice was appropriate to give 97.6% of the customers and that the advice provided was correct in 88.4% of the cases. In total, 217 cases (86.8%) were fully approved by both the physician and the pharmacist. Among the 182 customers who claimed that they complied completely with appropriate advice provided, 135 (74.2%) experienced a great improvement in symptoms. Among the 21 who had only partly followed the advice, six (28.6%) reported the same level of improvement (p < 0.001). If the pharmacy practitioner had not been available, 56.8% of the customers would have turned to medical care in the first instance. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates the high quality of pharmacy practitioners' self-care counselling supported by IT-based national clinical guidelines, including a favourable impact on customers' ailments. Furthermore, it reveals that pharmacy practitioners greatly relieve the pressure on the health-care system, resulting in reduced costs to society.
|
|
| 3. |
- Einbeigi, Zakaria, 1962, et al.
(författare)
-
Occurrence of both breast and ovarian cancer in a woman is a marker for the BRCA gene mutations: a population-based study from western Sweden.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Familial cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1389-9600 .- 1573-7292. ; 6:1, s. 35-41
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: This study aimed to analyze whether the occurrence of both breast and ovarian cancer in a woman serves as a marker for BRCA gene mutations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This population-based study included 256 women in western Sweden who developed both invasive breast and ovarian tumors between 1958 and 1999. Archival paraffin tissue blocks of their tumors were retrieved for DNA-extraction to analyze the founder mutation, BRCA1 c.3171_3175dup (c.3171ins5), which is most common in this geographic area and four other common Scandinavian BRCA1 gene mutations and one BRCA2 mutation. Together, account these mutations for approximately 75% of the BRCA1/2 gene mutations in the clinical unit. RESULTS: Ninteen percent (95% confidence interval (CI) 14-24%) of the women carried one of the analyzed BRCA1 gene mutations but none of the women were positive for the analyzed BRCA2 mutation. One-third of the women with both tumors before age 60 were mutation carriers. BRCA1 c.3171_3175dup (c.3171ins5) constituted 84% of all identified mutations. Although the majority of breast cancers were invasive ductal and atypical medullary types, a variety of other breast malignancies were seen among mutation carriers. Serous ovarian carcinomas predominated among ovarian tumors. A variety of other ovarian tumors, including three granulosa-theca cell tumors, were also observed among mutation carriers. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of both breast and ovarian cancer in a woman is associated with a high likelihood of a constitutional BRCA1 mutation. These women and their families might therefore be considered for mutation screening after appropriate genetic counselling.
|
|
| 4. |
- Götlind, Helena, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
The effect of water vapor on the initial stages of oxidation of the FeCrAl alloy Kanthal AF at 900 degrees C
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Oxidation of Metals. - 1573-4889 .- 0030-770X. ; , s. 251-266
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of water vapor on the initial stages of oxidation of the FeCrAl alloy Kanthal AF is reported. Polished samples were exposed isothermally at 900 degrees C for 1, 24, 72 and 168 h in a well-controlled environment consisting of dry O-2 or O-2 + 40% H2O. The samples were investigated using a combination of gravimetry and several surface-analytical techniques, including XRD, SEM, EDX, FIB, AES and TEM. The presence of water vapor significantly accelerates oxidation during the first 72 h. A two-layered oxide forms in both the dry and wet environments. The bottom layer consists of inward-growing alpha-Al2O3 while the outer layer initially consists of outward-growing gamma-Al2O3. A straight and narrow Cr-enriched band is present at the top of the lower (alpha-Al2O3) oxide, corresponding to the original sample surface. In dry O-2, the top (gamma-Al2O3) layer is converted into a mixture of gamma-Al2-x (Mg,Fe) (x) O-3-(x/2),O- MgAl2O4 and alpha-Al2O3. This transformation does not occur in O-2 + H2O. The initial acceleration of oxidation by H2O is attributed to the stabilization of the outward-growing gamma-alumina layer by the hydroxylation of the gamma-Al2O3 surface. A schematic mechanism of the early stages of oxidation of FeCrAl alloys is presented, emphasizing the influence of water vapor.
|
|
| 5. |
- Jansson, Agneta, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
A new polymorphism in the coding region of exon four in HSD17B2 in relation to risk of sporadic and hereditary breast cancer
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-6806 .- 1573-7217. ; 106:1, s. 57-64
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In situ synthesis of oestrogens is of great importance in the development and progression of breast cancer. 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17HSD) type 2 catalyses oxidation from oestradiol to oestrone, and thereby protects the breast epithelial cells from oestradiol. Low expression of 17HSD type 2 has been associated with decreased survival in breast cancer, but no studies have investigated the mechanism behind the low expression. The 17HSD type 2 gene (HSD17B2) was screened for mutations with Single Stranded Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP)-DNA sequencing in 59 sporadic breast cancer cases, 19 hereditary breast cancer cases and seven breast cancer cell lines. DNA samples from 226 healthy individuals were used to identify if changes were previously unknown polymorphisms. No mutation was detected and therefore mutations in HSD17B2 do not explain why some breast tumours exhibit low 17HSD type 2 expression. However, a previously unknown polymorphism was found in exon four (Met226Val). Using molecular modelling, we found that the substituted residue is located at the outer part of the steroid binding site, probably causing minor alterations in the substrate binding. We further studied if the polymorphism contributes to breast cancer susceptibility in a larger material, but did not find an increased risk in the group of 317 sporadic breast cancer patients, 188 breast cancer patients with two close relatives with breast cancer or 122 hereditary breast cancer patients, compared to the healthy control group. We suggest that the detected polymorphism does not contribute to a higher risk of developing breast cancer.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
