| 1. |
- Albin, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Pubertal growth and serum testosterone and estradiol levels in boys.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Hormone research in pædiatrics. - : S. Karger AG. - 1663-2826 .- 1663-2818. ; 80:2, s. 100-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aims: To study serum testosterone and estradiol in healthy boys in relation to growth during puberty up to peak height velocity (PHV). Methods: Growth velocity was analyzed through testosterone (n = 41) and 17β-estradiol (n = 37) 24-hour profiles in a dose-response model. Participants were 26 healthy boys admitted for short or tall stature or participating as healthy volunteers at the Queen Silvia Children's Hospital. Other inclusion criteria included the following: gestational age 37-42 weeks, birth weight and length >-2 standard deviation score (SDS) and prepubertal height and weight within ±3 SDS. Testosterone was measured using a modified radioimmunoassay (RIA) with a detection limit of 0.03 nmol/l. Estradiol was determined using an ultrasensitive extraction RIA with a detection limit 4 pmol/l. A sixth-grade polynomial was fitted to each child's growth data, giving growth velocity and age at PHV. Results: Growth velocity increased by 50% from prepubertal growth to PHV at a morning testosterone level of 3.1 nmol/l (95% confidence interval 2.4-4.2), EC50. The corresponding EC50 of 17β-estradiol was 6.5 pmol/l (3.2-13). Boys approaching PHV (<4% remaining) had morning testosterone levels >10 nmol/l and 17β-estradiol >9 pmol/l. Conclusion: Observed early puberty/initial mid puberty morning testosterone levels of 2.4-4.2 nmol/l are associated with a 50% increase in growth velocity from prepubertal growth to PHV in healthy boys.
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| 2. |
- Bergstrom, I, et al.
(författare)
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Vitamin D levels in children born to vitamin D-deficient mothers
- 2013
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Ingår i: Hormone research in paediatrics. - : S. Karger AG. - 1663-2826 .- 1663-2818. ; 80:1, s. 6-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <b><i>Aim:</i></b> To determine whether a standard daily dose of 400 IU vitamin D is sufficient to normalize vitamin D levels in infants born to vitamin D-deficient mothers. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The children were recruited from a study cohort of 68 immigrant and 51 non-immigrant pregnant women living in Stockholm. The women were monitored at 12 weeks of pregnancy, at delivery and together with their children, 6-18 months after birth. During pregnancy, most immigrant women (78%) had 25(OH)D<sub>3</sub> levels <25 nmol/l. We here report the outcome of 25 infants born to these mothers. All infants received a daily supplementation dose of 400 IU vitamin D from 2 weeks of age. <b><i>Results:</i></b> At birth, most children in the immigrant group were vitamin D-deficient (23.3 nmol/l (12-54); mean and range) while at 6-18 months of age vitamin D levels were essentially normalized (82.8 nmol/l (38-142)) although 4 children still had subnormal levels consistent with vitamin D insufficiency. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> A daily recommended supplementation dose of 400 IU vitamin D is sufficient in most children of vitamin D-deficient immigrant women living in Sweden.
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| 3. |
- Bizzarri, C, et al.
(författare)
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Residual β-cell mass influences growth of prepubertal children with type 1 diabetes
- 2013
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Ingår i: Hormone research in paediatrics. - : S. Karger AG. - 1663-2826 .- 1663-2818. ; 80:4, s. 287-292
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <b><i>Background:</i></b> The growth deceleration observed in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been related to poor glycemic control. It is unclear whether growth impairment persists despite the optimization of therapy. We analyzed the effects of intensive insulin treatment on prepubertal growth. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> One hundred and four T1D children were evaluated from T1D diagnosis up to puberty onset. Height, weight, insulin requirement and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were recorded at 3- to 6-month intervals. Residual β-cell mass was estimated by fasting C-peptide at T1D onset. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Age at T1D onset was 5.91 ± 1.9 years. Follow-up duration was 4.84 ± 1.58 years. Height velocity standard deviation score (SDS) was -0.14 ± 1.84. Height SDS changed from 0.52 ± 1.04 at T1D onset, to 0.36 ± 1.10 at the end of follow-up (p = 0.04). BMI SDS increased from -0.04 ± 1.48 to 0.32 ± 1.03 (p = 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that height velocity was directly affected by C-peptide (p = 0.03) and insulin requirement (p = 0.004) and inversely related to HbA1c (p = 0.006). BMI gain was negatively influenced by HbA1c (p = 0.01) and positively related to T1D duration (p = 0.01). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Despite insulin intensive therapy, T1D still negatively affects growth. Residual β-cell mass has a direct positive impact on growth, independently from the quality of glycemic control.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Dahlgren, Jovanna, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Adult height in individuals with Silver-Russell Syndrome treated with growth hormone from childhood-correlations to pubertal growth.
- 2013
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Ingår i: 9th joint meeting of paediatric endocrionology, 19-22 september 2013, Milan, ESPE. Hormone Research in Paediatrics.. - Milan, Italy : Horm Res in Ped. - 1663-2818 .- 1663-2826. ; 80:suppl 1
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is characterized by intra- and extrauterine growth retardation. Growth hormone (GH) treatment has a positive outcome if started several years before puberty. Objective: To determine the effect of GH treatment in SRS on pre- and pubertal growth, as well as on adult height (AH). Methods: 20 prepubertal children (12 males) with SRS followed at a national centre at Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital, were treated with GH from a mean (SDS) age of 3.7 (1.1) years (age range between 2.0-7.0) until achieved AH (age ranged between 13-18 years). All were born SGA with a birth weight of 1800 (617) gram and birth length of 41 (5.5) cm. Ten children were born preterm (six due to maternal preeclampsia). Midparental height ranged from -1.85 to 1.6 SDS with mean maternal height -0.4 (0.9) SDS and paternal height -0.3 (1.0) SDS. GH dose ranged between 0.03-0.05 mg/kg/day. GnRH analogue treatment was given due to early puberty in 4 girls and 4 boys. GH treatment was stopped when velocity was < 1 cm/yr and AH was measured at 18 years of age. Results: Mean height SDS at start of treatment was -3.8 (1.4) and within two years a rapid catch-up was seen of 1.6 (1.4) SDS, giving a height SDS of -2.2 (1.4), P< 0.01. Height at start of puberty was -1.2 (1.4) SDS, P < 0.01 and the total prepubertal height gain was 2.6 (1.4) SDS. During the puberty, an earlier deceleration of growth was seen compared to the normal population. When AH was reached, 6 males had heights above -1 SDS (mean -0.7 (0.5)), and the group of the other 6 males had a mean height of -1.9 (0.6) SDS and the female group -3.2 (1.6) SDS. Bone age development could not predict the early fusion of bone plate. Conclusion: Treatment with GH leads to a substantial height gain during prepubertal years, whereas pubertal years lead to a premature termination of growth spurt. Further investigation of the effect of sex steroid levels during pubertal years on bone maturation in SRS patients is needed.
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| 6. |
- Decker, Ralph, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Hyperbolic function shows close correlation between growth hormone (GH) sensitivity and GH secretion
- 2013
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Ingår i: Hormone Research in Paediatrics. 9th Joint Meeting of Paediatric Endocrinology. - 1663-2818 .- 1663-2826. - 9783318025040 ; 80:suppl 1, s. 301-302
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Impressive similarities exist between the insulin resistance-associated metabolic syndrome and untreated growth hormone (GH) deficiency in both children and adults. Central findings are visceral obesity and cardiovascular morbidity. Children with lower GH sensitivity but normal GH secretion like in idiopathic short stature (ISS) belong to a continuous spectrum of imbalanced GH secretion in relation to GH sensitivity. Hypothesis The relationship between secretion and sensitivity is similar for GH and insulin. Materials & methods 153 short prepubertal children with a broad range of secretion and sensitivity were included. From the 24-hour GH profile (72 x 20 min), the 24h GH secretion rate was estimated with a deconvolution method. The secretion rates above the basal level was calculated by PULSAR (GHb). The prediction model estimated the growth response, predicted delta height SDS, a measure of GH sensitivity/ responsiveness. Discussion GH treatment is neither individualized like insulin treatment with adaption to individual sensitivity nor applied in children with ISS. In order to fill gaps in knowledge, we have previously shown that individualized GH treatment is beneficial in reducing the range of growth response and metabolic responses in both GHD and ISS prepubertal children(2, 5, 6). Thus, despite administering higher doses to children being less sensitive to GH, individualized GH treatment is safe in metabolic terms. As insulin dosing is individualized in type-2 diabetes mellitus, it can be recommended to individualize GH dosing in ISS children. The metabolic impact of untreated versus treated ISS in the long term is an issue of further studies. Conclusion Our data confirms similarities between insulin and GH regarding the hyperbolic function between secretion and sensitivity.
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| 7. |
- Deodati, A, et al.
(författare)
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IGF2 methylation is associated with lipid profile in obese children
- 2013
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Ingår i: Hormone research in paediatrics. - : S. Karger AG. - 1663-2826 .- 1663-2818. ; 79:6, s. 361-367
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <b><i>Aim:</i></b> Our aim was to investigate the relationships between the degree of <i>IGF2 </i>methylation and the metabolic status in obese children and adolescents. <b><i>Subjects and Methods:</i></b> Eighty-five obese subjects aged 11.6 ± 2.1 years were studied. Anthropometry, metabolic parameters, blood pressure and body composition were assessed. DNA methylation analysis was performed by restriction enzyme digestion assay. The study population was subdivided into two groups according to the percentage of <i>IGF2</i> cytidine-guanosine (CpG) island methylation. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Twenty-two subjects showed intermediate methylation (a percentage of CpG site methylation comprised between 10 and 60%), 56 were hypomethylated (percentage of methylation lower than 10%), and only 1 showed a high rate of hypermethylation (percentage of methylation above 60%). Children with intermediate methylation showed significantly higher levels of triglycerides (107.6 ± 41.99 vs. 76.6 ± 30.18 mg/dl, p < 0.005) and a higher triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio (2.23 ± 0.98 vs. 1.79 ± 0.98, p < 0.02) compared with hypomethylated children. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> These preliminary findings show for the first time a relationship between <i>IGF2</i> methylation pattern and lipid profile in obese children. Although the correlation does not imply causation, if our findings are confirmed in further studies, <i>IGF2</i> methylation might represent an epigenetic marker of metabolic risk.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Holmgren, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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New puberty growth model for estimation of age for peak height velocity ompared with a manual method.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Hormone Research in Paediatrics. 9th Joint Meeting of Paediatric Endocrinology. 19-22 september 2013. Milan, Italien.. - : S. Karger AG. - 1663-2818 .- 1663-2826.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: There is a lack of methods describing pubertal growth in a computerized way. Objective and hypotheses: To compare a mathematical model, describing pubertal growth, for age at start P5%, mid P50% and end P95% of pubertal growth and total curve peak height velocity (TPHV) to compare with manually identified PHV. Methods: From a new growth model (QEPs Quadratic Exponential Puberty stop) we used the P(uberty) function for estimating PO (5% of P(AUC), mid puberty as P50% and PE (95% of P(AUC)). The calculated PHV from total growth curve (TPHV) was compared with the manually identified PHV (against a ICP based grid) . The Swedish growth reference, born 1974 (n=3655 of which 2622) was selected. Results: For the 1320 boys mean (SD) of ageP50% was 13.82 (0.96), ageTPHV 13.67 (0.97) and age at PHV 13.85 (1.00). For the 1302 girls mean (SD) of ageP50% was 12.08 (0.97), ageTPH 11.81 (0.99) and age at PHV 11.93 (0.95). PO, as P5% for boys was 11.77 (1.00) and for girls 9.80 (1.04). PE, as P95% for boys was 16.16 (0.99) and for girls 14.70 (0.97) giving a mean duration for boys of 4.8 years and 4.9 years for girls. The mean age difference between PHV and TPHV was for boys 0.18 (0.38) and for girls 0.11 (0.48). The mean difference between PHV and P50% was for boys 0.03 (0.38) and for girls -0.15 (0.48). Conclusions: This new puberty growth model gives computerized information of start, mid and end of pubertal growth as well as the age at TPHV. This makes possible a better evaluation of influence of hormones, disease and environment on timing of amount of pubertal growth.
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| 10. |
- Jensen, Rikke Beck, et al.
(författare)
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Baseline IGF-I Levels Determine Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity during the First Year on Growth Hormone Therapy in Children Born Small for Gestational Age. Results from a North European Multicentre Study (NESGAS)
- 2013
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Ingår i: Hormone Research in Paediatrics. - : S. Karger AG. - 1663-2826 .- 1663-2818. ; 80:1, s. 38-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Developmental programming alters growth and metabolic outcome in children born small for gestational age (SGA). We explored insulin and glucose metabolism in SGA children treated with a fixed GH dose over 1 year. Methods: In the North European Small for Gestational Age Study (NESGAS), 110 short SGA children received GH at 67 mu g/kg/day for 1 year. Insulin secretion was assessed by acute insulin response (AIR), insulin sensitivity (IS) by HOMA and disposition index (DI) by insulin secretion adjusted for IS. Results: First-year GH therapy led to increases in height and IGF-I standard deviation score (SDS), and reductions in IS (p < 0.0001). Compensatory increases in AIR (p < 0.0001) were insufficient and resulted in reduced DI (p = 0.032). Children in the highest IGF-I SDS tertile at baseline were the least insulin sensitive at baseline (p = 0.024) and 1 year (p = 0.006). IGF-I responses after 1 year were positively related to AIR (r = 0.30, p = 0.007) and DI (r = 0.29, p = 0.005). Conclusion: In SGA children treated with a high GH dose for 1 year, baseline IGF-I levels were related to IS whilst gains in height and IGF-I responses were associated with insulin secretion. Defining heterogeneity in IGF-I in SGA children may be useful in predicting growth and metabolic response. Copyright (C) 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel
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