| 1. |
- Carlén, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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The association between adolescents’ self-esteem and perceived mental well-being in Sweden in four years of follow-up
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Psychology. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 2050-7283. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The situation concerning adolescent mental health is a global public health concern, and the concept includes the ability to cope with problems of everyday life. A person’s approach and attitude towards themselves, i.e., their self-esteem, affects mental health. The study aimed to appraise and deepen the scientific understanding of adolescents’ self-reported self-esteem at age 12−13 from a resource perspective and test its ability to predict subsequent perceived mental well-being at age 17.Methods: Data from the Longitudinal Research on Development in Adolescence (LoRDIA) prospective follow-up study of adolescents aged 12−13, and 17 (n = 654) were analysed using ANCOVA. The outcome variable, perceived mental well-being (MWB), covers the aspects of mental well-being inspired by the “Mental Health Continuum,” representing positive mental health. Covariates were self-esteem (SE) and reported initially perceived MWB at age 12−13. Other independent explanatory variables were gender, the family’s economy, and the mother’s educational level.Results: Self-esteem appeared relatively stable from 12−13 to 17 years (M = 20.7 SD = 5.8 vs. M = 20.5 SD = 1.7). There was a significant but inverted U – shaped association between SE at age 12–13 and perceived MWB at age 17 [F (1, 646) = 19.02, β-0.057; CI -0.08−-0.03, Eta = 0.03, p =.000]. Intermediate but not strong SE predicted significantly good MWB. When conducting the ANCOVA for boys and girls separately, only the mother’s educational level was significantly positively associated with perceived MWB of girls.Conclusions: Good self-esteem in early adolescence increases the likelihood of an unchanged favourable development of self-esteem and the probability of good perceived mental well-being. SE explained 18 per cent of the variation of MWB, and even more among girls. However, normal SE rather than high SE at 12 and 13 years is predictive of later mental well-being. Girls reported low self-esteem more often. Therefore, supporting self-esteem early in life can promote mental well-being in adolescence.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Hultqvist, Jenny, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Managers' sick leave recommendations for employees with common mental disorders: a cross-sectional video vignette study
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Psychology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2050-7283. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background To better understand the initial phases of sickness absence due to common mental disorders (CMD), the aim of the present video vignette study was to test the following three hypotheses: (1) Managers who have negative attitudes towards employees with CMD will not recommend sick leave. (2) Managers with experience of CMD recommend sick leave to a significantly higher extent than managers lacking this experience. (3) Managers with previous experience of recommending sick leave for people with CMD will recommend sick leave to a significantly higher extent also based on the vignettes.MethodsAn online survey, including a CMD-labelled video vignette, was sent to 4737 Swedish managers (71% participated, n = 3358). For aims (1) and (2), a study sample consisting of 2714 managers was used. For aim (3), due to the design of the survey questions, a subsample (n = 1740) was used.ResultsThere was no significant association between negative attitudes towards employee depression and managers' recommendation of employee sick leave with the vignette case. The bivariate analysis showed that personal experience of CMD was associated with managers' recommendation of employee sick leave. In the adjusted regression model, it became non-significant. Previous experience of recommending sick leave to one employee and to several employees was associated with recommending sick leave, also when adjusting for gender, level of education, years of managerial experience, and management training on CMDsConclusionsThe likelihood of a manager recommending sick leave after watching a CMD-labelled video vignette was higher if the manager had previous experience of this situation in real life. This study highlights the importance of including managerial behaviours and attitudes to better understand sick leave among employees with CMD.
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| 4. |
- Ji, Huazhen, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship between leadership-member exchange (LMX) and flow at work among medical workers during the COVID-19 : the mediating role of job crafting
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Psychology. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 2050-7283. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on relational leadership theory and self-determination theory, this study aims to investigate the relationship between leader-member exchange (LMX), job crafting, and flow at work among medical workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants in the study consisted of 424 hospital employees. The results showed that: (1) the LMX positively predicted flow at work; (2) two types of job crafting (increasing structural job resources and challenging job demands) played a mediating role between the LMX and flow at work; and (3) gender did not moderate these mediating effects as suggested by previous studies. These results indicate that the LMX can not only directly predict flow at work, but also indirectly predict work-related flow through job crafting by increasing structural job resources and challenging job demands, thus providing new insights for enhancing flow experiences of medical workers.
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| 5. |
- Lin, C. -Y, et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric properties of the Persian Gaming Disorder Test and relationships with psychological distress and insomnia in adolescents
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Psychology. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 2050-7283. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Gaming Disorder (GD) was recently included by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a psychiatric condition in the eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) and is a concern worldwide, including in Iran. Thus, based on the ICD-11 criteria, a Persian version of the Gaming Disorder Test (GDT) was developed to facilitate assessment of GD. Methods: The present study used classical test theory and Rasch analysis to examine the psychometric properties of the Persian GDT. Iranian adolescents (n = 3837; 2171 [56.6%] males; mean [SD] age = 16.02 [1.4] years) completed the GDT and other instruments assessing disordered gaming, psychological distress, and insomnia. Results: Overall, the psychometric properties of the Persian GDT were satisfactory based on classical test theory (i.e., confirmatory factor analysis corroborated the unidimensional structure of GDT) and Rasch analysis (i.e., fit statistics suggested that all items were embedded in the concept of GD). Moreover, the Persian GDT was found to be sex-invariant, displaying no items with substantial differential item functioning across sexes. Additionally, it was found that GD mediated associations between time spent gaming and measures of psychological distress and insomnia. Conclusion: The Persian GDT is a convenient and short instrument for assessing GD among Iranian adolescents. The mediating roles of GD in the associations between time spent gaming and psychological distress and between time spent gaming and insomnia suggest that targeting features of GD may reduce psychological distress and improve sleep for Iranian adolescents.
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| 6. |
- Lüönd, A. M., et al.
(författare)
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Construct validity of the German version of the Emotion Reactivity Scale
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Psychology. - : Springer Nature. - 2050-7283. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Emotional reactivity is an important construct to consider when studying mental disorders. This study was conducted to translate and assess the factor structure, construct validity and internal consistency of a German version of the Emotion Reactivity Scale (ERS), which is an originally English questionnaire assessing three components of emotional reactivity: sensitivity, intensity and persistence of emotions. Methods: The German ERS and a range of questionnaires used to assess convergent and discriminant validity were completed by 334 German speaking Swiss participants. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis showed strong support for a bi-factor model, with evaluation indices pointing to a unidimensional construct rather than to domain specific factors. The questionnaire showed good reliability and the factor structure was similar across gender. The ERS showed convergent validity with general psychopathology, behavioral inhibition, negative affect, orienting sensitivity, depressive symptoms and symptoms of disordered eating, and discriminant validity with behavioral activation and alcohol consumption. Conclusions: Findings support the construct validity of the German ERS and suggest that it assesses a unidimensional construct with high internal consistency. Accounting for the unidimensional nature of the scale and aiming for efficient assessment tools, future research could, based on these findings, develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a short version of the ERS.
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| 7. |
- Nooripour, Roghieh, et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric properties of persian version of escapism scale among Iranian adolescents
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC psychology. - 2050-7283. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Escapism Scale among Iranian adolescents aged 14-18. Between January 2021 and August 2021, cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience sampling method to select 566 participants (340 girls and 226 boys) to investigate the relationship between physical activity and mental health in adolescents. The participants completed several questionnaires, including the Escapism Scale, Erikson Psychosocial Stage Inventory (EPSI), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Hope Scale (AHS), Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV), and General Self-efficacy (GSE). Construct validity, reliability using Cronbach's alpha, and concurrent validity were used to evaluate the Escapism Scale's validity and reliability. Results of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) indicated that a two-factor model provided a good fit for the data: sbX2 = 179.99 (p < 0.01); SRMR = 0.07; RMR = 0.56, CFI = 0.91; NFI = 0.89; IFI = 0.91; NFI = 0.89; GFI = 0.93; AGFI = 0.90, RMSEA = 0.076). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for escapism was 0.73. The study found a significant positive relationship between escapism and smartphone addiction (r = 0.19). Additionally, a significant negative relationship was observed between escapism and hope (r=-0.31), satisfaction with life (r=-0.34), and general self-efficacy (r=-0.33). Furthermore, a significant relationship was found between escapism and gender. Lastly, the study found a significant relationship between escapism and identity confusion (r = 0.164, P < 0.01) and identity coherence (P < 0.01, r = 29). In conclusion, the Escapism Scale is a valid and reliable tool for assessing escapism and psychological evaluations in Iranian adolescents. These results may inform future research and suggest re-testing in clinical populations.
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| 9. |
- Yohannes, Kalkidan, et al.
(författare)
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Suicidality and homelessness : prevalence and associated factors of suicidal behaviour among homeless young adults in Southern Ethiopia
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Psychology. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 2050-7283. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundResearch indicates that homelessness is associated with an increased risk of suicide. While street homelessness is a global problem, it is a disproportionately serious concern in low- and middle-income countries such as Ethiopia. Despite their high risk of suicidal thoughts and attempts, there has been limited research on this subject among homeless young people in Ethiopia. Therefore, we assessed the prevalence and factors contributing to suicidal behaviour among homeless young people in the southern region of this country.MethodsWe conducted a community-based cross-sectional study from 15 June to 15 August 2020 involving 798 homeless young adults in four southern Ethiopian towns and cities. The Suicide Behaviour Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) was used to assess suicidal behaviour. Data were coded and entered into Epi-Data version 7 and analysed using SPSS version 20. We conducted a multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with suicidal behaviour. Variables with a p-value of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was determined to indicate the association's strength.ResultsThe overall prevalence of suicidal behaviour among young homeless individuals was 38.2% (95% CI: 34.8%, 41.5%). The lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation, planning and attempt was 10.7% (95% CI: 8.6-12.9%), 5.1% (95% CI: 3.6-6.6%) and 3% (95% CI: 1.9-4.3%), respectively. A longer duration of homelessness (1-2 years) (AOR = 2.244, 95% CI: 1.447-3.481), stressful life events (AOR = 1.655, 95% CI: 1.132-2.418) and the stigma associated with homelessness (AOR = 1.629, 95% CI: 1.149-1.505) were significantly associated with suicidal behaviour.ConclusionThe results of our study indicate that suicide is a serious public health problem among homeless young people in southern Ethiopia. We have found associations between suicidal behaviour and stressful events, homelessness lasting for one to two years and stigma. Our study suggests that policymakers and programme planners need to develop a strategy for preventing, detecting and managing suicidal behaviour among street-dwelling homeless young adults, a vulnerable and understudied population. A community-based suicide prevention campaign is also essential for street-dwelling homeless young people in Ethiopia.
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