| 1. |
- Adam, J., et al.
(författare)
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Particle identification in ALICE: a Bayesian approach
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal Plus. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2190-5444. ; 131:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a Bayesian approach to particle identification (PID) within the ALICE experiment. The aim is to more effectively combine the particle identification capabilities of its various detectors. After a brief explanation of the adopted methodology and formalism, the performance of the Bayesian PID approach for charged pions, kaons and protons in the central barrel of ALICE is studied. PID is performed via measurements of specific energy loss (dE/dx) and time of flight. PID efficiencies and misidentification probabilities are extracted and compared with Monte Carlo simulations using high-purity samples of identified particles in the decay channels K0 S→ π-π+}, ɸ → K-K+, and Λ → p π- in p-Pb collisions at √sNN=5.02 TeV. In order to thoroughly assess the validity of the Bayesian approach, this methodology was used to obtain corrected pT spectra of pions, kaons, protons, and D0 mesons in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV. In all cases, the results using Bayesian PID were found to be consistent with previous measurements performed by ALICE using a standard PID approach. For the measurement of D0 → K-π+, it was found that a Bayesian PID approach gave a higher signal-to-background ratio and a similar or larger statistical significance when compared with standard PID selections, despite a reduced identification efficiency. Finally, we present an exploratory study of the measurement of Λc + → p K-π+ in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV, using the Bayesian approach for the identification of its decay products. © 2016, CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Croci, Gabriele, et al.
(författare)
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I-BAND-GEM : a new way for improving BAND-GEM efficiency to thermal and cold neutrons
- 2019
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Ingår i: The European Physical Journal Plus. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2190-5444. ; 134:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- .The BAND-GEM detector represents one of the novel thermal neutron detection devices that have been developed in order to fulfil the needs of high intensity neutron sources that, like ESS (the European Spallation Source), will start operation in the next few years. The first version of this detector featured a detection efficiency of about 40% for neutrons with a wavelength of 4 angstrom, a spatial resolution of about 6mm and a rate capability in the order of some MHz/cm(2). The novelty of this device is represented by an improved 3D converter cathode (10 cm thick) based on (B4C)-B-10-coated aluminum grids positioned in a controlled gas mixture volume put on top of a Triple GEM amplifying stage. The position where the neutron interacts in the converter depends on their energy and it was observed that the first version of the detector would suffer from an efficiency decrease for long (>5 angstrom) neutron wavelength. This paper describes how the new 3D cathode allowed improving the detection efficiency at long neutron wavelengths while keeping all the benefits of the first BAND-GEM version.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- G., Zinovjev, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of the event collision time with the ALICE detector at the LHC
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal Plus. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2190-5444. ; 132:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Particle identification is an important feature of the ALICE detector at the LHC. In particular, for particle identification via the time-of-flight technique, the precise determination of the event collision time represents an important ingredient of the quality of the measurement. In this paper, the different methods used for such a measurement in ALICE by means of the T0 and the TOF detectors are reviewed. Efficiencies, resolution and the improvement of the particle identification separation power of the methods used are presented for the different LHC colliding systems (pp, p-Pb and Pb-Pb) during the first period of data taking of LHC (RUN 1).
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| 6. |
- Hammer-Rotzler, Bernadette, et al.
(författare)
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Distribution and surface enrichment of radionuclides in lead-bismuth eutectic from spallation targets
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal Plus. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2190-5444. ; 131:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the development of new high-power neutron spallation sources --both for scientific application and as neutron production tool for accelerator-driven systems-- the demand for experimentally obtained nuclear data on the residue nuclei production in the target is constantly increasing. In the present work, we examined two lead-bismuth-eutectic targets, irradiated with high-energy protons, concerning their radionuclide content and the spatial distribution of selected isotopes. The first one was the so-called ISOLDE target, being irradiated with 1-1.4GeV protons at CERN-ISOLDE, the second one was the MEGAPIE target, irradiated at PSI with 590MeV protons. In particular, we investigated the phenomenon of radionuclide enrichment on free surfaces in both targets. It turned out that considerable accumulation can be found especially in the case of lanthanides. The depletion process is enhanced at increased temperatures. The results are compared with theoretical predictions; some possible consequences of the findings are illustrated.
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| 7. |
- Hornborg, Alf
(författare)
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The magic of money and the illusion of biofuels : Toward an interdisciplinary understanding of technology
- 2017
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Ingår i: The European Physical Journal Plus. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2190-5444. ; 132:82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For several centuries, the dominant worldview in industrial societies has held that various problems --such as those recently identified as relating to sustainability-- can be solved through technological progress. Technological progress has been conceived as the fruits of engineering science, new knowledge, and innovation. While knowledge of the principles of physics is certainly a necessary condition for technological development, it is not a sufficient condition. Technology is not only a product of engineering, but, ultimately, also of asymmetric transfers of biophysical resources. In other words, the feasibility of technological progress is contingent on world market prices. The history of technology has been written from the perspective of advancing ingenuity, rather than that of unequal global exchange. The implicit world view underlying dominant historiography and economic science ignores the deepening global inequalities which are prerequisite to what some sectors of world society can celebrate as technological progress, including visions of replacing fossil fuels with biofuels and other renewable energy sources. This observation should prompt us to conceptualize technological progress as an inherently unequal capacity to locally save time and space at the expense of human time and natural space lost elsewhere. It implies that the physical agency of technology ultimately rests on prices, i.e. subjective human conceptions about the value of market commodities, and thus finally on the magical artifact we know as money. The purpose of this article is to show how current deliberations on biofuels illustrate the insufficiencies of mainstream understandings of the phenomenon of technology, and to indicate why an adequate understanding of technology must be interdisciplinary, combining insights on both Nature and Society.
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| 8. |
- Johansson, Sheshti, et al.
(författare)
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Is an increased use of biofuels the road to sustainability?
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal Plus. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2190-5444. ; 132
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The global area of planted biofuel crops has been increasing rapidly, but the environmental and social consequences of widespread adoption of biofuel production remain largely unexplored. How do we measure efficiency and net energy of a complex system, such as the interaction between agriculture, human society and technology? This paper provides background and identifies assumptions in its overview of competing and overlapping methods. We emphasize that biofuels, as well as all other resources with their associated processes, should be analyzed as embedded in complex systems. The reason why society looks at biofuels favorably is because the methodological approaches used in the present scientific literature are narrow and far from holistic. What is excluded from the analysis has crucial implications on what is regarded as sustainable.
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| 9. |
- Johansson, Sheshti
(författare)
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Plants for food, energy and sustainability
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal Plus. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2190-5444. ; 132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Jonson, Björn, 1941
(författare)
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What's next in nuclear physics with RIB's
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal Plus. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2190-5444. ; 131:1, s. 1-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The physics with energetic radioactive beams has had a tremendous development over the 30 years that have passed since Isao Tanihata's famous experiments at Berkeley. The experiments and the subsequent understanding that halo structure occur for some very exotic nuclei have attracted so much interest and given so many novel ideas that one may speak about a paradigm shift. I shall here give some, personal, ideas about "What's next". This is an interesting task and I shall not say that it is difficult but rather challenging. I shall, however, start by giving a few milestones, preceding the 1985 break-through, that were of key importance for creating our sub-field of modern nuclear physics.
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