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- Abdula, Rahimaisa, 1976
(författare)
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Climate Change Policy of Bio-Energy: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis
- 2005
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper explores the intersectoral and land-use dynamics behind bio-energyâ??s development as a climate change policy. Bio-energy from agriculture and forestry can potentially mitigate the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) from energy use and land-use changes (LUC) by its substitution to fossil fuels and its diversion of land-use to biomass plantation. Two major issues concerning its interplay with the other sectors of the economy and other land-use options are mapped in the study, namely its competition with other energy sources and sectors of similar production structure such as the crops and livestock sector; and its competition for land with other land-use based CO2 mitigation option of afforestation. By employing a computable general equilibrium with a land-use change model, the study was able to depict the various interfaces of bio-energy with the rest of the economy and with the land market. Moreover, the model enabled the mapping of policy implications upon the economy, welfare, and pattern of land-use changes and its subsequent contribution to CO2 emissions. The main policy considered in this study is the carbon taxation with revenues geared towards the reduction of direct taxes and towards the finance of bio-energy subsidy. Results showed that the carbon taxation per se does not ensure the growth of the bio-energy sector, unless the tax base is extended to land-use changes and unless the proceeds are directed to subsidize the sector or to buttress the incomes and consumptions of rural households; the main users of bio-energy. Investment in bio-energy as a complementary mitigation policy to carbon taxation has resulted into the improvements in the domestic capacity for energy sourcing and the welfare of the rural households. It successfully lowered the cost of mitigation by shifting reliance away from fossil fuels and by inducing land-use conversion to bio-energy and forestry purposes, without instigating dramatic transformations in the land-use system and without producing catastrophic burden upon the agricultural sector. Moreover, despite the competition for scarce land resource of the different land-use based mitigation options, synergies between developing carbon offset through bio-energy and building carbon sink through afforestation can be achieved through the market mechanism. The same benefits are presented by integrating land-use changes emissions into the carbon tax coverage.
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- Abdulle, Sahra, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of antiretroviral treatment on blood-brain barrier integrity and intrathecal immunoglobulin production in neuroasymptomatic HIV-1-infected patients.
- 2005
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Ingår i: HIV medicine. - : Wiley. - 1464-2662 .- 1468-1293. ; 6:3, s. 164-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of antiretroviral combination therapy on blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and intrathecal immunoglobulin G (IgG) production. METHODS: Lumbar punctures were performed on 38 neurologically asymptomatic, treatment-naive HIV-1-infected patients prior to and during treatment at intervals of approximately 4 months, 1 year and 2 years. Albumin ratio and IgG index were analysed as markers of BBB integrity and intrathecal IgG synthesis. RESULTS: HIV-1 RNA decreased to < 50 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of all patients and in the plasma of all but one patient. Only 5% of patients had elevated albumin ratio values at baseline, while 56% had an elevated IgG index. There was no significant reduction of the albumin ratio or the IgG index. After 2 years of treatment all patients had normal albumin ratio values, while 41% still had increased IgG index levels. CONCLUSIONS: Up to 2 years after the initiation of treatment, the favourable impact of antiretroviral combination treatment on CSF viral load was not accompanied by a similar reduction of intrathecal IgG production. BBB function, measured as the albumin ratio, was not significantly changed in this cohort of neurologically asymptomatic HIV-1-infected patients.
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- Abel, Edvard, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Early disturbance of microvascular function precedes chemotherapy-induced intestinal injury
- 2005
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Ingår i: Dig Dis Sci. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0163-2116. ; 50:9, s. 1729-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intestinal injury 4-48 hr after cytotoxic therapy (etoposide phosphate, 100 mg/kg body weight [bw], intravenously [i.v.]) was studied in rats using ligated intestinal loops. Chromium-51 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ((51)Cr-EDTA) and rubidium-86 chloride ((86)RbCl) were deposited intraluminally to determine the extent of the increase in intestinal permeability and ion channel disruption. Evans Blue (EB) was used for detection of endothelial leakage. Intestinal morphology was documented. Endothelial dysfunction, as observed by an increased extravasation of EB, was evident already 4 hr after cytotoxic therapy. Intestinal epithelial injury, as observed by an increase in (51)Cr-EDTA permeation and a decrease in (86)Rb absorption, occurred after 48 hr. Finally, histology disclosed a reduced crypt cell proliferation, displayed as a decrease in Ki67-positive cells. The findings suggest that, in the development of intestinal injury after cytotoxic therapy, endothelial disruption is an early event, whereafter epithelial dysfunction and crypt stem cell arrest occur. This knowledge could be of importance in the design of future intervention trials.
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- Abel, Frida, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Imbalance of the mitochondrial pro- and anti-apoptotic mediators in neuroblastoma tumours with unfavourable biology.
- 2005
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Ingår i: European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990). - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-8049. ; 41:4, s. 635-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been proposed that a lack of apoptosis plays an important role in neuroblastoma (NB) progression. We therefore screened cDNA array filters, including 198 apoptotic genes, in order to identify mRNA transcripts that are differentially expressed in tumours with unfavourable versus favourable biology. Twenty-one genes were analysed further using real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Significantly lower levels of DNCL1 (PIN; P(c)(corrected) = 0.0054) and NTRK1 (TrkA; P(c) = 0.039) were found in NB tumours with unfavourable biology. In addition, BID, BCL2, APAF1, CASP2, CASP3 and CASP9 were found to be preferentially expressed in tumours with favourable biology, whereas CDKN1A (p21), IL2RA, and MCL1, were found to be preferentially expressed in NB tumours with unfavourable biology. In conclusion, mRNA levels of transcripts encoding pro-apoptotic mediators of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway were found to be expressed to a lower extent in tumours with unfavourable biology. Our data also suggest that the mitochondrial pathway is suppressed in advanced stages of NB tumours, due to an imbalance between anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic mediators which is a finding that may have therapeutic significance.
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- Abelin, Åsa, 1953
(författare)
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Phonesthemes in Swedish
- 2005
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Ingår i: In Proceedings of Conference on Problems of Sign, S:t Petersburg 4th-7th of October 2005.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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