| 1. |
- Alabaf, Setareh, et al.
(författare)
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Correction to : Physical health in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of autism and developmental disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0162-3257 .- 1573-3432. ; 49:1, s. 96-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake in Fig. 2 part labels, the label "d" was incorrectly labelled as "c" and the subsequent labels should be corrected as d, e, and f. The corrected Fig. 2 is given below.
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| 2. |
- Alabaf, Setareh, et al.
(författare)
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Physical health in children with neurodevelopmental disorders
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of autism and developmental disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0162-3257 .- 1573-3432. ; 49:1, s. 83-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With increasing numbers of children being diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) attention has been drawn to these children's physical health. We aimed to identify the prevalence of defined physical problems (epilepsy, migraine, asthma, cancer, diabetes, psoriasis, lactose intolerance, celiac disease, diarrhea, constipation, daytime enuresis, encopresis) in a nationwide population of 9- and 12-year-old twins subdivided into those with and without indications of NDDs. Parents of 28,058 twins participated in a well-validated telephone interview regarding their children's mental health and answered questions about their physical problems. The results indicate a high rate of physical problems in children with NDDs, particularly in those with indications of the presence of combinations of several NDDs.
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| 3. |
- Allely, C S, et al.
(författare)
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Violence is Rare in Autism: When It Does Occur, Is It Sometimes Extreme?
- 2017
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Ingår i: The Journal of psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1940-1019 .- 0022-3980. ; 151:1, s. 49-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A small body of literature has suggested that, rather than being more likely to engage in offending or violent behavior, individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may actually have an increased risk of being the victim rather than the perpetrator of violence (Sobsey, Wells, Lucardie, & Mansell, 1995 ). There is no evidence that people with ASD are more violent than those without ASD (Im, 2016). There is nevertheless a small subgroup of individuals with ASD who exhibit violent offending behaviours and our previous work has suggested that other factors, such as adverse childhood experiences, might be important in this subgroup (Allely, Minnis, Thompson, Wilson, & Gillberg, 2014 ). Fitzgerald ( 2015 ) highlights that school shootings and mass killings are not uncommonly carried out by individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders, with frequent evidence of warning indicators. The aim of the present review is to investigate this in more detail using the 73 mass shooting events identified by Mother Jones (motherjones.com) in their database for potential ASD features. There are 73 mass shooting events but there are two events where there is a pair of shooters which meant that 75 mass shooter cases were investigated. This exercise tentatively suggests evidence of ASD in six of 75 included cases (8%) which is about eight times higher when compared to the prevalence of ASD found in the general population worldwide (motherjones.com). The 8% figure for individuals with ASD involved mass killings is a conservative estimate. In addition to the six cases which provide the 8% figure, there were 16 other cases with some indication of ASD. Crucially, ASD may influence, but does not cause, an individual to commit extreme violent acts such as a mass shooting episode.
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| 4. |
- Anney, R. J. L., et al.
(författare)
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Meta-analysis of GWAS of over 16,000 individuals with autism spectrum disorder highlights a novel locus at 10q24.32 and a significant overlap with schizophrenia
- 2017
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Ingår i: Molecular Autism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2040-2392. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Over the past decade genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been applied to aid in the understanding of the biology of traits. The success of this approach is governed by the underlying effect sizes carried by the true risk variants and the corresponding statistical power to observe such effects given the study design and sample size under investigation. Previous ASD GWAS have identified genome-wide significant (GWS) risk loci; however, these studies were of only of low statistical power to identify GWS loci at the lower effect sizes (odds ratio (OR) < 1.15). Methods: We conducted a large-scale coordinated international collaboration to combine independent genotyping data to improve the statistical power and aid in robust discovery of GWS loci. This study uses genome-wide genotyping data from a discovery sample (7387 ASD cases and 8567 controls) followed by meta-analysis of summary statistics from two replication sets (7783 ASD cases and 11359 controls; and 1369 ASD cases and 137308 controls). Results: We observe a GWS locus at 10q24.32 that overlaps several genes including PITX3, which encodes a transcription factor identified as playing a role in neuronal differentiation and CUEDC2 previously reported to be associated with social skills in an independent population cohort. We also observe overlap with regions previously implicated in schizophrenia which was further supported by a strong genetic correlation between these disorders (Rg = 0.23; P= 9 x10(-6)). We further combined these Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) ASD GWAS data with the recent PGC schizophrenia GWAS to identify additional regions which may be important in a common neurodevelopmental phenotype and identified 12 novel GWS loci. These include loci previously implicated in ASD such as FOXP1 at 3p13, ATP2B2 at 3p25.3, and a 'neurodevelopmental hub' on chromosome 8p11.23. Conclusions: This study is an important step in the ongoing endeavour to identify the loci which underpin the common variant signal in ASD. In addition to novel GWS loci, we have identified a significant genetic correlation with schizophrenia and association of ASD with several neurodevelopmental- related genes such as EXT1, ASTN2, MACROD2, and HDAC4.
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| 5. |
- Aoki, Sayaka, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a new screening tool for neuromotor development in children aged two - the neuromotor 5min exam 2-year-old version (N5E2).
- 2018
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Ingår i: Brain & development. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7131 .- 0387-7604. ; 40:6, s. 445-451
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a new screening tool for neuromotor development in children aged two, we developed the Neuromotor 5min Exam 2-year-old version (N5E2), which can be easily administered by pediatricians or primary care physicians. In this study, as an initial attempt to examine the utility of the N5E2, the inter-rater reliability on scoring for the individual items in this scale was assessed.The participants of the study were 29 children (aged 1-5years, mean age=2.79) diagnosed with a variety of neuromotor/developmental disorders/high-risk conditions. Inter-rater reliability was examined on the following 11 items in the N5E2: (1) Retrieving a rolling ball, (2) Gait, (3) Toe-walking, (4) Asymmetries of posture and/or movement, (5) Age at unsupported walking, (6) Speaking in two-word understandable sentences, (7) Hypotonus, (8) Hypertonus, (9) Eye movement, (10) Vision problem, (11) Hearing problem. The items were administered to children by two pediatricians with different expertise and clinical experience, separately.The results showed that among the eleven items in the N5E2 examined, a high level of agreement (κ≥0.60) was found on 4 items, and a moderate level of agreement (0.40≤κ<0.60) was found on 5 items. The level of agreement somewhat improved after the dichotomization of the score; using this format, a high level of rater agreement (κ≥0.60) was found on 6 out of 11 items. The analyses also revealed high inter-rater reliability on the sum score of the 11 items (r=0.84).The results suggest the possibility that this brief screening tool could be feasible in settings where clinicians' experience varies, based on its inter-rater reliability on individual items between the clinicians with different expertise and amount of clinical experiences.
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| 6. |
- Arvidsson, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Secular changes in the symptom level of clinically diagnosed autism.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines. - : Wiley. - 1469-7610 .- 0021-9630. ; 59:7, s. 744-751
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The prevalence of autism has been reported to have increased worldwide. A decrease over time in the number of autism symptoms required for a clinical autism diagnosis would partly help explain this increase. This study aimed to determine whether the symptom level of clinically diagnosed autism cases below age 13 had changed over time.Parents of Swedish 9-year old twins (n=28,118) participated in a telephone survey, in which symptoms and dysfunction/suffering related to neurodevelopmental disorders [including autism, but also attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), and Learning Disabilities (LD)] in their children were assessed over a 10-year period. Survey data was merged with the National Patient Register containing clinically registered autism diagnoses (n=271).In individuals who had been clinically diagnosed with autism before the age of 13, the symptom score for autism decreased on average 30% over more than a decade in birth cohorts 1992-2002. There was an average decrease of 50% in the autism symptom score from 2004 to 2014 in individuals who were diagnosed with autism at ages 7-12, but there was no decrease in those diagnosed at ages 0-6.Over time, considerably fewer autism symptoms seemed to be required for a clinical diagnosis of autism, at least for those diagnosed after the preschool years. The findings add support for the notion that the observed increase in autism diagnoses is, at least partly, the by-product of changes in clinical practice, and flag up the need for working in agreement with best practice guidelines.
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| 7. |
- Asztély, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Chronic pain and health-related quality of life in women with autism And/or ADHD: A prospective longitudinal study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Pain Research. - 1178-7090. ; 12, s. 2925-2932
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of chronic pain and its association with healthrelated quality of life (HRQoL) in a group of women, diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and/or attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) in childhood. Patients and methods: Prospective longitudinal 16-19 years follow-up study of 100 Swedish females diagnosed with ASD and/or ADHD in childhood/adolescence. Seventyseven of the women were included in the current sub-study, using validated measures of pain perception and quality of life. Results: A large majority of the women (76.6%) reported chronic pain. HRQoL was low overall and lower still for those reporting chronic pain. Women with ADHD who had ongoing treatment with stimulants reported a significant lower prevalence of chronic widespread pain (CWP) than those not treated. Conclusion: Comorbidity with chronic pain is common in women with ASD and/or ADHD and important to address in the clinic since it is associated with an already low HRQoL. Treatment for ADHD might reduce the pain in some cases. © 2019 Asztély et al.
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| 8. |
- Barnevik Olsson, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Children with borderline intellectual functioning and autism spectrum disorder: developmental trajectories from 4 to 11 years of age
- 2017
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Ingår i: Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1178-2021. ; 13, s. 2519-2526
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Studies on autism have tended to focus either on those with intellectual disability (ie, those with intellectual quotient [IQ] under 70) or on the group that is referred to as "high-functioning", that is, those with borderline, average or above average IQ. The literature on cognition and daily functioning in autism spectrum disorder combined specifically with borderline intellectual functioning (IQ 70-84) is limited. Methods: From a representative group of 208 preschool children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, those 50 children in the group with borderline intellectual functioning at ages 4.5-6.5 years were targeted for follow-up at a median age of 10 years. A new cognitive test was carried out in 30 children. Parents were interviewed with a semi-structured interview together with the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (n=41) and the Autism-Tics, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) and other comorbidities inventory (A-TAC) (n=36). Results: Most children of interviewed parents presented problems within several developmental areas. According to A-TAC and the clinical interview, there were high rates of attention deficits and difficulties with regulating activity level and impulsivity. Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales composite scores showed that at school age, a majority of the children had declined since the previous assessment at ages between 4.5 and 6.5 years. Almost half the tested group had shifted in their IQ level, to below 70 or above 84. Conclusion: None of the children assessed was without developmental/neuropsychiatric problems at school-age follow-up. The results support the need for comprehensive follow-up of educational, medical and developmental/neuropsychiatric needs, including a retesting of cognitive functions. There is also a need for continuing parent/family follow-up and support.
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| 9. |
- Barnevik Olsson, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Preschool to School in Autism : Neuropsychiatric Problems 8 Years After Diagnosis at 3 Years of Age
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of autism and developmental disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0162-3257 .- 1573-3432. ; 46:8, s. 2749-2755
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study presents neuropsychiatric profiles of children aged 11 with autism spectrum disorder, assessed before 4.5 years, and after interventions. The original group comprised a community sample of 208 children with ASD. Parents of 128 participated-34 with average intellectual function, 36 with borderline intellectual function and 58 with intellectual disability. They were interviewed using the Autism-Tics, AD/HD and other Comorbidities interview. Criteria for a clinical/subclinical proxy of ASD were met by 71, 89 and 95 %, respectively. Criteria for at least one of ASD, AD/HD, Learning disorder or Developmental Coordination Disorder were met by 82, 94 and 97 %. More than 90 % of children with a preschool diagnosis of ASD have remaining neuropsychiatric problems at 11, despite early intervention.
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| 10. |
- Barnevik Olsson, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Recovery from the diagnosis of autism - and then?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. - 1176-6328 .- 1178-2021. ; 11, s. 999-1005
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aim of this study was to follow up the 17 children, from a total group of 208 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), who recovered from autism. They had been clinically diagnosed with ASD at or under the age of 4 years. For 2 years thereafter they received intervention based on applied behavior analysis. These 17 children were all of average or borderline intellectual functioning. On the 2-year follow-up assessment, they no longer met criteria for ASD. Methods: At about 10 years of age they were targeted for a new follow-up. Parents were given a semistructured interview regarding the child's daily functioning, school situation, and need of support, and were interviewed using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) and the Autism - Tics, Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD), and other Comorbidities (A-TAC) telephone interview. Results: The vast majority of the children had moderate-to-severe problems with attention/activity regulation, speech and language, behavior, and/or social interaction. A majority of the children had declined in their VABS scores. Most of the 14 children whose parents were A-TAC-interviewed had problems within many behavioral A-TAC domains, and four (29%) had symptom levels corresponding to a clinical diagnosis of ASD, AD/HD, or both. Another seven children (50%) had pronounced subthreshold indicators of ASD, AD/HD, or both. Conclusion: Children diagnosed at 2-4 years of age as suffering from ASD and who, after appropriate intervention for 2 years, no longer met diagnostic criteria for the disorder, clearly needed to be followed up longer. About 3-4 years later, they still had major problems diagnosable under the umbrella term of ESSENCE (Early Symptomatic Syndromes Eliciting Neurodevelopmental Clinical Examinations). They continued to be in need of support, educationally, from a neurodevelopmental and a medical point of view. According to parent interview data, a substantial minority of these children again met diagnostic criteria for ASD.
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