| 1. |
- Athlin, Elsy, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Factors of importance to the development of pressure ulcers in the care trajectory : perceptions of hospital and community care nurses
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 19:15-16, s. 2252-2258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim. The study aimed at describing contributing factors for the progression or regression of pressure ulcers in the care trajectory as they were understood by nurses working in hospitals or community care. Background. The development of pressure ulcers is considered to be connected with early prevention and awareness among nurses and some studies have indicated that the care trajectory may be a weak point. Design. The study was carried out with a qualitative design. Method. Fifteen nurses from two Swedish hospitals and 15 nurses from community care were interviewed during 2005. Qualitative content analysis was used to make an understanding of patterns possible. Findings. Three main categories arose, showing that pressure ulcers were considered to be affected in the care trajectory by factors related to the individual patient, to the healthcare personnel and to the healthcare structure. Hospital and community care nurses mostly had corresponding perceptions of these factors. Conclusion. The study both confirmed previous findings and added new knowledge about factors that may affect pressure ulcer in the trajectory of care. The informants' views of nurses' responsibilities and their attitudes towards the care of pressure ulcers could, along with their views on the organisation of care, increase the understanding of the occurrence of pressure ulcers. The need for development and clarification of the organisation and responsibility of pressure ulcer care in the care trajectory was stressed. Relevance to clinical practice. The study highlighted attitudes and values among registered nurses, as well as to how to preserve their commitment and increase their knowledge concerning prevention of pressure ulcers.
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| 2. |
- Berg, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric evaluation of the post-discharge surgical recovery scale
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Evaluation In Clinical Practice. - : Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 1356-1294 .- 1365-2753. ; 16:4, s. 794-801
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale, aim and objectives Day surgery patients are discharged after a short period of postoperative surveillance, and reliable and valid instruments for assessment at home are needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a Swedish version of the post-discharge surgical recovery (PSR) scale, an instrument to monitor the patients recovery after day surgery, in terms of data quality, internal consistency, dimensionality and responsiveness. Methods Data were collected on postoperative days 1 and 14 and included 525 patients. Data quality and internal consistency were evaluated using descriptive statistics, correlation analyses and Cronbachs alpha. The dimensionality of the scale was determined through an exploratory factor analysis. Responsiveness was evaluated using the standardized response mean and the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC). The correlation between change score in PSR and change score in self-rated health was assessed using Pearsons correlation coefficient. Patients ability to work and their self-rated health on postoperative day 14 were used as external indicators of change. Results Six items showed floor or ceiling effects. Cronbachs coefficient alpha was 0.90 and the average inter-item correlation coefficient was 0.44 after the deletion of two items. The items were closely related to each other, and a one-factor solution was decided on. A robust ability to detect changes in recovery (standardized response mean = 1.14) was shown. The AUC for the entire scale was 0.60. When initial PSR scores were categorized into three intervals, the ability to detect improved and non-improved patients varied (AUC 0.58-0.81). There was a strong correlation between change scores in PSR and health (0.63). Conclusions The Swedish version of the PSR scale demonstrates acceptable psychometric properties of data quality, internal consistency, dimensionality and responsiveness. In addition to previous findings, these results strengthen the PSR scale as a potential instrument of recovery at home.
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| 3. |
- Ekbäck, Gunnar, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Self-perceived oral health and obesity among 65 years old in two Swedish counties
- 2010
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Ingår i: SWEDISH DENTAL JOURNAL. - : Swedish Dental Journal (Sveriges Tandlakarforbund). - 0347-9994. ; 34:4, s. 207-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to explore the association between oral health and obesity. The study was conducted in the spring of 2007 as a postal survey of all inhabitants born in 1942 and living in the two Swedish counties of Orebro and Ostergotland. This questionnaire survey has been conducted every five years since 1992 but has been updated continually with additional questions and for the sweep used here, height and weight data were collected. A total of 8,313 individuals received the questionnaire and 6,078 of those responded (73,1%). The outcome variable oral health was measured using one global question and four detailed questions representing different aspects of oral health. The independent variable Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated using self-reported height and weight. A difference in oral health between various BMI groups was found. The difference was both statistically significant and of clinical importance, particularly among the group with severe obesity who reported poorer self-perceived chewing capacity, lower satisfaction with dental appearance, increased mouth dryness and fewer teeth and lower overall satisfaction with oral health. In view of the increased risk of poor oral health demonstrated in this study for those with severe obesity, it may be of value to increase cooperation between dental care and primary health care for these patients.
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| 4. |
- Gunningberg, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Nurse Managers prerequisite for nursing development: a survey on pressure ulcers and contextual factors in hospital organizations
- 2010
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF NURSING MANAGEMENT. - : Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 0966-0429 .- 1365-2834. ; 18:6, s. 757-766
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim To describe and compare pressure ulcer prevalence in two county councils and concurrently explore Nurse Managers perspective of contextual factors in a hospital organization. Background Despite good knowledge about risk factors and prevention of pressure ulcers, the prevalence of pressure ulcers remains high. Nurse Managers have a key role in implementing evidence-based practice. Methods The present study included five hospitals in two Swedish county councils: county council A (non-university setting) and county council B (university setting). A pressure ulcer prevalence study was conducted according to the methodology developed by the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. The Nurse Managers answered a (27-item) questionnaire on contextual factors. Results County council B had significantly less pressure ulcers grade (2-4) (7.7%) than county council A (11.3%). The Nurse Managers assessed only two out of the 27 general contextual items significantly differently. Some significant differences were observed in ward organization. Conclusions In county council B, the Nurse Managers seemed more aware of prevention strategies compared with Nurse Managers in county council A. The Nurse Managers should take more responsibility to develop the prerequisite for quality improvement in nursing. Implication for nursing management Nursing outcomes (e. g. pressure ulcers) should be incorporated into national quality registries for benchmarking and Nurse Managers competence in evidence-based practice and research methodology increased.
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| 5. |
- Kiiskinen, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Att dansa i otakt med väljarna : Socialdemokraternas och Moderaternas strategiska bemötande av Sverigedemokraterna
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Etablerade partiers strategiska bemötande av radikala högerpopulistiska partier (RHP-partier) står i fokus för avhandlingen. Syftet med avhandlingen är rekonstruktion och analys av innehållet i de etablerade partiernas strategiska bemötande av partier som anses utmana centrala principer inom den liberala demokratin, såsom pluralism och tolerans, och vars närvaro också anses skapa ett demokratiskt dilemma. Syftet har operationaliserats inom ramen för en svensk kontext med fokus på Socialdemokraternas och Moderaternas strategiska bemötande av ett svenskt RHP-parti i form av Sverigedemokraterna. Det metodologiska ramverket utgår från ett kvalitativt perspektiv med fokus på intervjuer med representanter för de två etablerade partierna och Sverigedemokraterna. Det empiriska materialet har analyserats med hjälp av PSO-teorin (Position, Salience and Owner-ship theory). Teorin visar hur de etablerade partiernas strategiska bemötande av RHP-partier kan relateras till l) den specifika sakfråga RHP-partiet politiserar och 2) till vilken grad RHP-partiet hotar de etablerade partierna i fråga om väljarstöd. Avhandlingens resultat visar att innehållet i de etablerade partiernas strategiska bemötande av Sverigedemokraterna har fOrändrats sedan valet 2006 och att den sakfråga som Sverigedemokraterna politiserat, flykting- och invandringsfrågan, är central för utformningen av de etablerade partiernas bemötande av partiet.
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| 6. |
- Larsson, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
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Development of an Orofacial Esthetic Scale in Prosthodontic Patients
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Prosthodontics. - : Quintessence Publishing Co Ltd. - 0893-2174 .- 1139-9791. ; 23:3, s. 249-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Despite the interest and need to assess orofacial esthetics in prosthodontic patients, few self-reporting instruments are available to measure this construct, and none describe how prosthodontic patients perceive the appearance of their face, mouth, teeth, and dentures. The development of the Orofacial Esthetic Scale (DES) is reported in this article, in particular its conceptual framework, how questionnaire items were generated, and the scales measurement model. Materials and Methods: After test conceptualization, the authors solicited esthetic concerns from 17 prosthodontic patients by asking them to evaluate their own photographs. A focus group of 8 dental professionals reduced the initial number of concerns/items and decided on an item response format. Pilot testing in 9 subjects generated the final instrument, the DES. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to investigate DES dimensionality and item analysis to investigate item difficulty and discrimination in 119 subjects. Results: Prosthodontic patients generated an initial 28 esthetic concerns. These items were reduced to 8 preliminary representative items that were subsequently confirmed during pilot testing. Analysis supported 8 items assessing appearance: face, profile, mouth, tooth alignment, tooth shape, tooth color, gums, and overall impression, measured on an 11-point numeric rating scale (0 = very dissatisfied, 10 = very satisfied). Exploratory factor analysis found only 1 factor and high positive loadings for all items (.73 to .94) on the first factor, supporting the unidimensionality of the DES. Conclusions: The OES, developed especially for prosthodontic patients, is a brief questionnaire that assesses orofacial esthetic impacts.
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| 7. |
- Larsson, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability and Validity of the Orofacial Esthetic Scale in Prosthodontic Patients
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Prosthodontics. - : Quintessence Publishing Co Ltd. - 0893-2174 .- 1139-9791. ; 23:3, s. 257-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: This study evaluated the reliability and validity of the Orofacial Esthetic Scale (OES) an instrument assessing self-reported orofacial esthetics in prosthodontic patients. Materials and Methods: The OES has seven items addressing direct esthetic impacts in the orofacial region, as well as an eighth global assessment item. The response format was a 0 to 10 numeric rating scale (very dissatisfied to very satisfied with appearance, respectively). OES summary scores ranged from 0 (worst score) to 70 (best score). Test-retest reliability (n = 27) and internal consistency (n = 119) were assessed. Content validation (asking patients about their satisfaction with the questionnaire content, n = 119) and discriminative validation (comparing OES scores between patients and healthy controls, n = 119) were performed. Convergent validity was assessed by correlating patients own OES scores (n = 29) with ratings from a consensus expert group (n = 4) and with the Oral Health Impact Profile (CHIP) esthetic-item summary score (n = 119). Results: Test-retest reliability was excellent for the OES scores (intraclass correlation coefficient = .96). Internal consistency was satisfactory for esthetically impaired patients (n = 27, Cronbach alpha = .86). Patients rated their satisfaction with the questionnaire content as 7.8 +/- 1.3 units on a 0 to 10 numeric rating scale (0 = very dissatisfied, 10 = very satisfied). OES scores discriminated esthetically impaired patients (31.4 units) from healthy controls (45.9 units, P less than .001). OES scores correlated well with other measures of the same construct (r = .43 for patients own assessment with an assessment by experts using the OES, r = -.72 for a correlation with the OHIPs three esthetic-related items). Conclusions: The OES, developed especially for prosthodontic patients, exhibited good score reliability and validity.
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| 8. |
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Mänskliga rättigheter : juridiska perspektiv
- 2010. - 1
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rätten är ett viktigt verktyg för att realisera idéer om mänskliga rättigheter. Inte minst när människor utsätts för människorättskränkningar fyller juridiken en funktion som redskap för individer att hävda sina rättigheter. Denna antologi behandlar mänskliga rättigheter ur juridiskt perspektiv. Bokens upplägg omfattar i huvudsak fyra delar där fokus ges åt fredens, preventionens respektive krigens folkrätt. Det mest omfattande av dessa avsnitt rör fredens folkrätt.
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| 9. |
- Ordell, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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Management structures and beliefs in a professional organisation. An example from Swedish Public Dental Health Services
- 2010
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Ingår i: SWEDISH DENTAL JOURNAL. - : Swedish Dental Journal (Sveriges Tandlakarforbund). - 0347-9994. ; 34:3, s. 167-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Work as a dentist is stressful and demanding. In the Public Dental Health Service (PDHS) the heads of clinics have a great influence on the work environment. In turn the heads have to adapt to the overarching policies on management in each County, which create the environment for the clinics. The aims of this paper were to describe the management structure of the PDHS as described by their Chief Dental Officers (CDOs), and to test hypotheses that the management systems had "a logical administrative structure" A postal questionnaire was mailed to all 21 CDOs, who all responded. Context analysis and bivariate correlations were used The PDHS employed on average 60% of all dentists in a county. The numbers of clinics for general dentistry in Sweden was 698, and for specialist care 144 The heads of clinics were dentists in 92%. Four hypotheses were tested 1/ A separate political board did not lead to closer governance of the PDHS. 2/ There was more emphasis on measurable than on qualitative objectives and follow-up 3/ There was only partial correlation between a larger county and a more formalized management. 4/ There was no correlation between size of county and beliefs on advantages of scale There was a widespread belief in advantages with larger clinics both from administrative, and rather surprisingly, from clinical aspects. Two of the four hypotheses could not be corroborated which indicates that the management structures were more,formed by county specific principles. The four hypotheses on administrative behaviour were only partially corroborated. The implications for delivery of care to-sparsely populated areas need to be monitored in view of the beliefs in larger clinics. The limits for decisions by management and for professional discretion must be monitored closely considering their effects on work environment and on the quality of care the professionals are able to deliver
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| 10. |
- Runeson, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Ethical dilemmas before and during anaesthetic induction of young children, as described by nurse anaesthetists
- 2010
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF CHILD HEALTH CARE. - : Greycoat Publishing. - 1367-4935 .- 1741-2889. ; 14:4, s. 345-354
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on physicians, nurses and enrolled nurses experiences of ethical dilemmas have been conducted in many healthcare fields. The aim of this study was to elucidate ethical dilemmas before and during the induction of anaesthesia of children aged three to six years as described by nurse anaesthetists (NAs). Two group interviews with NAs were conducted where they were asked to describe ethically problematic situations. Three situations were chosen from a total of 15: administration of anaesthesia to an already sleeping child, lack of information given to a child, and a child is anaesthetized against his/her will. Conceivable and reasonable alternative options were identified and consequences of the different actions were presented. Finally the conflicts of value were discussed and commented on. The cases describe when a childs rights are given less weight and the child has little opportunity to participate in the decision making. However, parents and NAs acted in the best interest of the child. Analysing and reflecting on situations involving ethical dilemmas would enhance NAs critical thinking and guide NAs in their decision making when providing anaesthesia care.
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