| 1. |
- Andrews, Johanna Y., et al.
(författare)
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Umbilical cord-cutting practices and place of delivery in Bangladesh
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. - Clare, Ireland : Elsevier. - 0020-7292 .- 1879-3479. ; 114:1, s. 43-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate place of delivery, umbilical cord-cutting instruments used, and substances applied to the cord stump in Bangladesh.Methods: A cross-sectional data analysis was performed on a nationally representative sample of 4925 women of reproductive age (15-49 years) with at least 1 child.Results: More than 80% of women delivered at home. In 6% of cases, blades from a clean-delivery kit (CDK) were used to cut the cord; in 90% of cases, the blades used were from another source; in 4% of cases, other instruments such as bamboo strips and scissors were used to cut the cord. In 51% of cases, a substance (e.g. antibiotic powder/ointment, alcohol/spirit, mustard oil with garlic, boric powder, turmeric, and chewed rice) was applied to the stump after the cord was cut.Conclusion: The present findings underscore the need for further advocacy, availability, and use of cord-cutting instruments from CDKs, especially for deliveries that occur outside healthcare facilities.
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| 2. |
- Aremu, Olatunde, et al.
(författare)
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Socio-economic determinants in selecting childhood diarrhoea treatment options in Sub-Saharan Africa: A multilevel model
- 2011
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Ingår i: ITALIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS. - London, UK : BioMed Central. - 1720-8424 .- 1824-7288. ; 37:13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ackground: Diarrhoea disease which has been attributed to poverty constitutes a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children aged five and below in most low-and-middle income countries. This study sought to examine the contribution of individual and neighbourhood socio-economic characteristics to caregivers treatment choices for managing childhood diarrhoea at household level in sub-Saharan Africa. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods: Multilevel multinomial logistic regression analysis was applied to Demographic and Health Survey data conducted in 11 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The unit of analysis were the 12,988 caregivers of children who were reported to have had diarrhoea two weeks prior to the survey period. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults: There were variability in selecting treatment options based on several socioeconomic characteristics. Multilevel-multinomial regression analysis indicated that higher level of education of both the caregiver and that of the partner, as well as caregivers occupation were associated with selection of medical centre, pharmacies and home care as compared to no treatment. In contrast, caregivers partners occupation was negatively associated with selection medical centre and home care for managing diarrhoea. In addition, a low-level of neighbourhood socio-economic disadvantage was significantly associated with selection of both medical centre and pharmacy stores and medicine vendors. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusion: In the light of the findings from this study, intervention aimed at improving on care seeking for managing diarrhoea episode and other childhood infectious disease should jointly consider the influence of both individual SEP and the level of economic development of the communities in which caregivers of these children resides.
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| 3. |
- Bendtsen, Preben, et al.
(författare)
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Hazardous drinking concepts, limits and methods : Low levels of awareness, knowledge and use in the Swedish population
- 2011
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Ingår i: Alcohol and Alcoholism. - Oxford, UK : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0735-0414 .- 1464-3502. ; 46:5, s. 638-645
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To investigate the awareness and knowledge of hazardous drinking limits among the general population in Sweden and the extent to which people estimate their alcohol consumption in standard drinks to assess their level of drinking. Methods: A population-based study involving 6000 individuals selected from the total Swedish population was performed. Data were collected by means of a postal questionnaire. The mail survey response rate was 54.3% (n = 3200) of the net sample of 5891 persons. Results: With regard to drinking patterns, 10% of the respondents were abstainers, 59% were sensible drinkers and 31% were classified as hazardous drinkers. Most of the abstainers (80%), sensible drinkers (64%) and hazardous drinkers (56%) stated that they had never heard about the standard drink method. Familiarity with the hazardous drinking concept also differed between the three categories although 61% of sensible and hazardous drinkers expressed awareness of the concept (46% of the abstainers). Knowledge about the limits for sensible drinking was very poor. Between 94 and 97% in the three categories did not know the limit. There was a statistically significant association between having visited health care within the last 12 months and being aware of the standard drink method and the hazardous drinking concept, but not with knowing the hazardous drinking limits. Similarly, there was a significant association between having had at least one alcohol conversation in health care within the last 12 months and being aware of the standard drink method and the hazardous drinking concept, but not with knowing the hazardous drinking limits. Conclusion: The results can be seen as a major challenge for the health-care system and public health authorities because they imply that a large proportion of the Swedish population does not know when alcohol consumption becomes a threat to their health. The current strategy to disseminate knowledge about sensible drinking limits to the population through the health-care system seems to have failed and new means of informing the population are warranted. © The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Medical Council on Alcohol. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
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Dolt i offentligheten : nya perspektiv på traditionellt källmaterial
- 2011
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vad vilar i det dolda, vad göms i arkivens vrår? Genom tryckfrihetsförordningen 1766 fick medborgare och historiker tillgång till allmänna handlingar och de senaste hundra åren har offentligt källmaterial använts i nästan alla avhandlingar. Det är tillgängligt, bekvämt och självklart. Sällan ställs kritiska frågor om vad det innebär. Till synes oändliga rader av dokument lockar forskarna att vandra i administrationens fotspår, att undersöka vissa teman. Samtidigt skapar sekretess, privatiseringar och myndigheters gallringar stora tomrum och håligheter. Vad hamnar egentligen i arkiven? Uppsatserna i denna bok behandlar riksdagsprotokollen som trycksak och medium, begreppshistoriska och biografiska frågeställningar, manligt och kvinnligt, historiografi och kommunarkivens rikedom. Tillsammans visar de hur nya perspektiv kan locka fram oväntade svar från bekanta källserier, men också att miljontals gulnade trycksidor och snörbundna dossiersamlingar fortfarande ligger där – orörda.
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| 5. |
- Englund, Oskar, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental Impact Assessments: Suitable for supporting assessments of biofuel sustainability?
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The European Union requires that 10% of the energy in the transport sector shall come from renewable sources by 2020. In addition, biofuels used for transport need to fulfill certain sustainability requirements set out in the Renewable Energy Directive (RED). To meet these requirements, the EU will need to produce and import large amounts of sustainable biofuels. Therefore, there is a need for ways to verify the sustainability of imported biofuels, so that unsustainable biofuels can be avoided. One strategy may involve analyzing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) reports (EIRs) conducted for specific biofuel projects. For EIRs to be useful as such information sources they need to be sufficiently comprehensive in relation to the RED but also sufficiently reliable.In this study, 19 biofuel project EIRs are analyzed with respect to how they cover the RED sustainability considerations. In addition, EIA legislation, requirements, quality, and enforcement are discussed to determine not only whether EIRs can be sufficiently comprehensive, but also sufficiently reliable for supporting information to studies intended to assess the sustainability of biofuels, from an RED perspective.Notable differences between EIRs for different types of projects were found. EIRs for projects including both plantation establishment and the construction of a biofuel plant had better RED coverage than EIRs for projects including either the plantations or the biofuel plant. As might be expected, EIAs for “plantation projects” generally leave out features related to biofuel processing, and EIAs for “biofuel plant” projects generally leave out features related to feedstock production.In general, EIA legislation is insufficient and most target countries seem to have rather low potential to enforce legislation. Several additional EIA-related problems need to be overcome in order for EIRs to be regarded as sufficiently reliable information tools.
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| 6. |
- Fall, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Colloidal Stability of Aqueous Nanofibrillated Cellulose Dispersions
- 2011
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 27:18, s. 11332-11338
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cellulose nanofibrils constitute an attractive raw material for carbon-neutral, biodegradable, nanostructured materials. Aqueous suspensions of these nanofibrils are stabilized by electrostatic repulsion arising from deprotonated carboxyl groups at the fibril surface. In the present work, a new model is developed for predicting colloidal stability by considering deprotonation and electrostatic screening. This model predicts the fibril-fibril interaction potential at a given pH in a given ionic strength environment. Experiments support the model predictions that aggregation is induced by decreasing the pH, thus reducing the surface charge, or by increasing the salt concentration. It is shown that the primary mechanism for aggregation upon the addition of salt is the surface charge reduction through specific interactions of counterions with the deprotonated carboxyl groups, and the screening effect of the salt is of secondary importance.
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| 7. |
- Gruber, Sabine, 1958-
(författare)
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Etnografi
- 2011. - 1
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Ingår i: Perspektiv på Turism & Resande. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144070384
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Turism och resande har blivit ett givet inslag i vår samtid. I den rika delen av världen framstår möjligheten att resa för många som en självklarhet. I den fattiga delen av världen har turismindustrin blivit en allt viktigare inkomstkälla.Det turistiska fältet har dessutom kommit att erkännas som ett ytterst komplext forskningsfält som ger upphov till frågor som är både lokala och globala, och som kan handla om såväl människors drömmar och självförståelse, som mänskliga rättigheter, global ekonomi och internationella politiska relationer.Denna bok närmar sig det turistiska fältet genom en rad analytiska begrepp. Varje kapitel lyfter fram ett bestämt begrepp – däribland makt, plats, etnicitet och transnationalism – diskuterar vad det kan betyda, hur det kan tolkas, och vad just det begreppet kan bidra med för den som vill analysera samtida turism och resande. Bekantskapen med vissa teoretiska begrepp gör att man förmår se saker på det turistiska fältet som tidigare var höljda i dunkel. Samtidigt kan en ökad teoretisk och begreppsmässig kännedom göra att man plötsligt förstår hur komplicerad världen är. På så vis får kanske våra begreppsdiskussioner det turistiska fältet att framstå som ännu mer utmanande och fascinerande.
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| 8. |
- Gruber, Sabine, 1958-
(författare)
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In the name of action against "honour-related" violence : National nations, gender, and boundaries in the Swedish school's ambitions to combat violence and oppression
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Migration Research. - : Helsinki University Press. - 1799-649X. ; 1:3, s. 126-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ‘Honour-relataed’ violence and oppression has become an important issue for various social institutions in Sweden during the last decade. The school is one of these and has been awarded a particular responsibility to detect and take action against this violence. Aside from a few studies, knowledge remains however limited regarding how professionals in various institutions take measures against this violence. In this article I examine how the school’s mission to combat ‘honour-related’ violence and oppression has evolved into a practice permeated by national notions. With the support of empirical examples, I will show how efforts to ‘honour-related’ violence are based on ideas of ‘Swedish’ values, national borders and gender, and how this become tools for production of exclusion and inclusion. Attention is also given to how boys and girls who are brought together with an ‘honour cultural’ background are attributed to different positions in the ‘Swedish’ Community. The study referenced is based on interviews with student welfare staff, participant observations on training days for school staff about ‘honour-related’ violence and document studies.
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| 9. |
- Gruber, Sabine, 1958-
(författare)
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Nationella föreställningar och gränser i skolans insatser mot "hedersrelaterat" våld
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nordic Studies in Education. - : Universitetsforlaget. - 1891-5914 .- 1891-5949. ; 31:3, s. 149-164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyses how efforts to combat «honour-related» violence are linked to and reproduce nationalist ideas. On the basis of theories that discuss the concept of nation and conceptions of belonging and origins I investigate how notions about Swedish values and gender are central in school staffs discussions and understanding of honour-related violence. The empirical material is based on documentary material, participant observations and interviews with welfare staff working at different compulsory schools and colleges of further education in the county of Östergötland in Sweden. The analysis underline the fact that notions of «us» and «the others» are ambiguous and in no way homogenous. It shows how «honour-related» violence is dissociated from Swedishness and how this defines borderlines between those who belong to the nation and those who do not belong.
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| 10. |
- Hamalainen, J., et al.
(författare)
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Papermaking fibre-suspension flow simulations at multiple scales
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Engineering Mathematics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0022-0833 .- 1573-2703. ; 71:1, s. 55-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Papermaking flows are extremely challenging for modelling and simulation, if one accepts their full complexity. A wide range of particles, including fibres, fibre fragments (fines) and fillers (non-organic particles), flow and interact with each other in a non-dilute suspension, a complex geometry and at a high flow rate. Different simulation approaches are reviewed from particle-level simulations, through meso-scale simulations to the full flow geometry of the papermaking line. Their application to papermaking and potential to provide fundamental understanding as well as direct process-optimization support are discussed.
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