| 1. |
- Akselsson, Roland
(författare)
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Kris- och riskhantering - nytta för chefer
- 1998
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Ingår i: Beslutsträning (Mandator). ; , s. 47-56
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Riskhantering i krissituationer – behöver beslutsfattare träna? Forskningen om beslut under stress har gått framåt det senaste decenniet. Särskilt intressant är att den klassiska laboratorieforskningen med oerfarna försökspersoner kompletterats med studier av beslut under realistiska förhållanden. Vi har lärt oss hur beslutsfattare i ett första steg använder sin erfarenhet för att känna igen risksituationer och för att komplettera bilden om informationen som går att få fram är otillräcklig eller motsägande. I ett andra steg hämtar de en lösning från minnet som de anpassar, testar och tillämpar. Med denna modell ger erfarenhet bättre reslutat, vilket visats i studier. Vidare kan riskhanteringen förbättras genom träning under realistiska förhållanden. För komplexa situationer är träning av grupper speciellt intressant där gruppen förbättrar sin förmåga att hantera risker under stress - gruppen förbättrar sitt samarbete och sin kommunikation samt skaffar sig gemensamma mentala modeller. Ett annat mål med realistisk träning bör vara att identifiera möjligheter att förebygga krissituationer och att underlätta riskhanteringen. Ett datorstöd för träning, som fokuserar på att använda realistiska förutsättningar, är mycket intressant.
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| 2. |
- Akselsson, Roland, et al.
(författare)
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Multidisciplinary Research on Integration of Human Factors and Production Concepts such as TQM - A Participatory Discussion Session
- 1999
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Conference on TQM and Human Factors. - 9172195207 ; 2, s. 439-448
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A discussion session where the conference participants are invited to participate is planned. One topic for the session is to discuss experiences of multidisciplinary research on integration of human factors and different production concepts applied in change processes within Swedish companies. An important question that the discussion will focus on is: How to get high quality in multidisciplinary research? Another topic is to discuss how people from different disciplines in the companies interact with each other and with the researchers. Researchers from the centre Change@Work at Lund University in Sweden will present some of their experiences from several years of multidisciplinary research in companies. As a background the research questions within Change@Work are presented below. Discussions during the workshop will be performed according to methods used by the researchers in their research in the companies. All discussion will be documented and later sent to all workshop participants.
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| 3. |
- Bengtsson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Computer-Aided Planning of Production, Working and Residential Environments
- 1996
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Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-8141 .- 1872-8219. ; 17:1, s. 59-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses a computer-aided planning methodology and its applicability for planning of industrial production and working environments as well as for planning of residential and working environments for the differently abled. The methodology has been developed and evaluated in six case studies in mechanical industries and in six case studies related to adaptations for the differently abled. The results from the case studies indicate that computer-supported modelling and visualisation may serve as a common and efficient language facilitating communication about multifaceted environmental planning issues. The methodology is a cost-effective way of demonstrating layout ideas and testing dynamic activities like manufacturing and transportation. Corporate groups comprising people involved in, or affected by, development work seem to be a fruitful approach for cooperation, one which enhances learning and creativity. Such groups may be a proper forum for the dissemination of information, exchange of opinions, utilisation of both expert and lay experiences, and for public testing of current reality or future plans in such a way that mutual understanding between different professional categories is increased, hence promoting internal commitment.
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| 4. |
- Bengtsson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Cooperation in Planning of Production and Working Environments Supported by Computer Graphics
- 1996
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Human Factors in Manufacturing. - 1045-2699. ; 6:2, s. 101-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A methodology for studying change processes in working life combining computer-aided planning and cooperation in project groups is evaluated. The methodology is applied and studied in a planning workshop with representatives from manufacturing industries—managers, production engineers, supervisors as well as shop floor workers—and from health-and-safety agencies utilizing the methodology for planning of production, layout, and working environment. The results are presented and discussed with respect to cooperation in project groups, outline of proposals, topics of discussion, and pictures as planning tools.
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| 5. |
- Bengtsson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Planning Working Environment and Production by Using Paper Drawings and Computer Animation
- 1997
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Ingår i: Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0014-0139 .- 1366-5847. ; 40:3, s. 334-347
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is assumed that pictorial visualization can be used to facilitate communication between industrial professionals when planning working environments and production. This article analyses how managers, supervisors, machine operators, and occupational health and safety officials, accustomed to using both paper drawings and computer animation of both shop floor and workplace view, evaluate these four types of visualization in relation to a set of planning issues. Twenty-four subjects participated in a controlled two-day planning workshop. They designed a new production layout by means of computer graphics, and responded to a questionnaire. From the analysis it may be concluded that the four types of visualization are unique enough to be evaluated differently with regard to some of the planning issues. Hence, great care should be devoted to analysing what features a visualization of a production layout or a working environment aims at illustrating. Furthermore, it can be concluded that each of the four types of visualization seems to be significant for planning activities in ways that can be anticipated. Shop floor view and workplace view is valuable for planning issues related to survey of a plant and specific machines, respectively. Computer animation is in general preferable to a paper drawing concerning dynamic planning issues. Computer animation of workplace view is valuable for planning issues related to working environment considerations. All of the four types of visualization are less significant for illustrating or describing physical factors of the working environment.
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| 6. |
- Davies, Roy, et al.
(författare)
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Work and Work Place Design Using Empirical Shop Floor Information and Virtual Reality Techniques
- 1997
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Ingår i: IEA'97 "From Experience to Innovation". ; 2, s. 25-27
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Work place design based on traditional ergonomic science has, to a large extent, been delimited by information collected from studies of individual human beings. This research approach has not been proven to influence industry shop floor work to an extent corresponding to what could be expected from research efforts (Winkel and Westgaard, 1995). Thus the practitioners are left to decide about the detailed work place design, neglecting scientific knowledge. The accelerating development within technical as well as social sciences, combined with the industrial development of production systems has, in fact, blurred the vision and method arsenal available for those interested in fitting the production system to the man. However, new prospects have, at the same time, been made available through expanding personal computer and Virtual Reality (VR) techniques implying untraditional analysis procedures for work and work place design as will be illustrated in this paper. The aim of this paper is to illuminate the feasibility of such a prospect using personal computer-,. video- and VR-techniques to amalgamate empirical shop floor information especially collected for design purposes with computer models of work. Two case studies, denoted case I and case II, will be shortly described from which an integration will be discussed.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Ek, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Fartygsolyckor i Öresund - människan, människa-tekniksystemet och organisationen som risk- och säkerhetsfaktorer
- 1999
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Ingår i: Proceedings från Öresundsuniversitetets symposium "Miljö och tillväxt i Öresundsregionen". ; , s. 10-14
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Öresundsområdet är en komplex miljö med ett av världens mest trafikerade farvatten, en stor variation av transportverksamheter och en ömtålig miljö. Effekterna av fartygsolyckor i Öresund torde kunna bli mycket stora för människan, miljön och materiella värden. ’Maritima risker i Öresund’ (Sundrisk) är ett tvärvetenskapligt pilotprojekt vid Lunds universitet med huvudmålet att identifiera och beskriva maritima risker i Öresundsområdet. Orsaken till olyckor är oftast multifaktoriell och ett multidisciplinärt samarbete är fördelaktigt för att finna orsakssambanden.
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| 9. |
- Ek, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Latent Conditions, Safety Barriers and Situational Factors for Maritime Accidents in the Sound Area
- 1999
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 17th International System Safety Conference. ; , s. 169-174
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Sound Area, located between Sweden and Denmark, is one of the most intensely trafficked waters in the world with complex traffic patterns and a bridge/tunnel under construction, which will link the two countries. This high level of complexity increases the probability of both maritime accidents and very negative consequences of them. This paper presents the ergonomic part of an ongoing multidisciplinary pilot project with the objective of identifying and describing maritime risks in the Sound Area. This part concentrates upon the role which people, human-machine-systems and organizations on board ships and in association with maritime activity in the area play as risk and safety factors. Information is being collected through literature, marine accident reports, and exploratory case studies. Preliminary findings are presented in the paper.
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| 10. |
- Eriksson, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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A Planning Tool Prototype for Environment Adaptations
- 1995
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1063-6528. ; 3:3, s. 283-287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the area of adapting/constructing homes and workplaces for the physically disabled, a computer-based planning tool has been prototyped and evaluated. The prototypes so far have been based on Macintosh computers and commercially available 3-D modeling and multimedia programs. Six case-studies formed the basis for user-oriented prototyping and evaluation. The present prototype was found useful in supporting the planner (e.g., an occupational therapist) in designing and testing several alternatives at an early stage, and in making modifications throughout the planning process. During planning sessions, the prototype supports understanding and communication among the participants, and provides possibilities to interact with the models and make instant changes. Human models can be adapted to an individual's size and abilities/disabilities, and included in the design to evaluate accessibility, clearance, reach, etc. In order to overcome deficiencies in modeling efficiency and interaction tools, such as viewpoint and object control/assessment, further prototyping should concentrate on developing a 3-D model library and a 3-D manipulation/evaluation program. These two components may have to be unique for this field of application and have the potential to become commercial products.
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