| 1. |
- Akselsson, Roland, et al.
(författare)
-
Resilience Safety Culture
- 2009
-
Ingår i: 17th World Congress on Ergonomics 2009.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Safety culture may be seen as the oil necessary for an efficient safety management system. During the work in HILAS SMS task force some weaknesses in the use of safety culture in practice were identified. A work stream was initiated to identify further weaknesses and suggest remedies for them. The objective of this paper is to discuss some of the weaknesses and propose mitigations. A major suggestion is to actively look for „holes‟ in the safety culture and mitigate them. The „holes‟ could be low-score groups, low-score aspects of safety culture, and critical time-windows. Also the efforts by top management may need to be improved. Also means for feed forward control should be used and further developed as proposed by the new school of resilience engineering. Also when problems with long questionnaires are too big shorter questionnaires could be used complemented by interviews and studies of behaviour and artefacts.
|
|
| 2. |
- Arvidsson, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
-
Organizational climate in air traffic control - Innovative preparedness for implementation of new technology and organizational development in a rule governed organization
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Applied Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-9126 .- 0003-6870. ; 37:2, s. 119-129
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A positive and innovative organizational climate is of great importance in order to manage and adapt to change. Such a climate seldom evolves in organizations closely governed by rules and regulations. Because of ongoing organizational and technical changes within the Swedish Air Navigation Services Provider, a study concerning the organizational climate for changes and innovations was conducted to investigate the organization's capacity to cope with changes. Study locations were the two Swedish main air traffic control centers and parts of the civil aviation administration headquarters. In the study 390 subjects took part and the CCQ questionnaire was used to measure the organizational climate. The results show that the organizational climate is quite positive despite the rule-governed work. The results also show that administrative personnel assess the organizational climate as more positive than operative personnel. Comparisons between management positions did not result in any differences. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 3. |
- Arvidsson, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
-
Situational leadership in air traffic control
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Air Transportation. - 1544-6980. ; 12:1, s. 67-86
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In high-risk environments such as air traffic control, leadership on different levels plays a certain role in establishing, promoting, and maintaining a good safety culture. The current study aimed to investigate how leadership styles, leadership style adaptability, and over and under task leadership behavior differed across situations, operative conditions, leadership structures, and working tasks in an air traffic control setting. Study locations were two air traffic control centers in Sweden with different operational conditions and leadership structures, and an administrative air traffic management unit. Leadership was measured with a questionnaire based on Leader Effectiveness and Adaptability Description (LEAD; Blanchard, Zigarmi & Zigarmi, 2003; Hersey & Blanchard, 1988). The results showed that the situation had strong impact on the leadership in which the leadership behavior was more relationship oriented in Success and Group situations than in Hardship and Individual situations. The leadership adaptability was further superior in Success and Individual situations compared with Hardship and Group situations. Operational conditions, leadership structures and working tasks were, on the other hand, not associated with leadership behavior.
|
|
| 4. |
- Bertlett, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Collaborative Decision Making (CDM) - A Pilot Study Exploring Participation and Empowerment Before Implementing New Technology and Work Procedures
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Developments in Human Factors in Transportation, Design, and Evaluation. - 9789042302976 ; , s. 237-248
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pressure on European air-traffic logistics increases, both at the airports and in the sky, as the passenger rate increases. Handling airborne aircraft is becoming more rationalized as an effect of sophisticated technology and lower separation-minima. Technological and legal development at airports is lagging behind causing delays. Airport operations might be more efficient by increasing accurate flight-related information to the ground handlers serving the aircraft and the passengers during the turn-round processes. Increased collaboration between airport actors may stimulate optimal decision making with regard to the aircraft turn-round processes. Several change projects at European airports focus on increased airport efficiency gathered under a EUROCONTROL initiative. The concept being implemented, called Collaborative Decision Making (CDM), consists of new information-carrying technology and work procedures. The social and psychological aspects of implementing the CDM concept were studied during the pre-implementation phases at a European airport. The purpose was to exploratorily analyse the involved employees’ participation and empowerment preceding the implementation, and how that affected the employees’ attitudes and emotions toward CDM. Fourteen respondents from five airport organisations were interviewed. The results showed low level of participation and empowerment, affecting attitudes and emotions negatively towards the planning, preparation, and development phases preceding the CDM implementation. Attitudes and emotions toward the CDM concept were not affected.
|
|
| 5. |
- Bertlett, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Introducing “medarbetarskap” as a concept facilitating work related relationships: Theoretical considerations in an airport change process.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Human Factors Issues in Complex System Performance. - 9789042303256 ; , s. 497-509
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish Air Navigation Service Provider, Luftfartsverket, together with Stockholm-Arlanda airport are implementing a new socio-technical concept called collaborative decision making. New technology and work procedures in collaborative decision making are directly affecting all organizations in an airplane turn-round process, and indirectly affecting legislators, authorities, suppliers, and passengers. A change of this magnitude needs a holistic approach covering the relationships among affected stakeholders. Medarbetarskap is introduced as a theoretical, ideological, and practical concept focusing on relationships based on democratic values, free and open communication, and experiential learning processes. Furthermore, medarbetarskap favours an intra-, and inter-organizational structure to align management/leadership, staff/workers, and work tasks at different systematic levels and different organizations to reach a common understanding of what is important in any given situation. From a psychological perspective, medarbetarskap facilitates learning via communication and reflection to develop knowledge about human behaviour and relationships from an individual to a societal level. The introduction of collaborative decision making will be examined from the starting-point that medarbetarskap facilitates the change process and daily operations at Stockholm-Arlanda airport by increasing horizontal and vertical collaboration, commitment, ability to influence, buy-in, empowerment, and by decreasing the gap between the technical and socio-organizational implementation process.
|
|
| 6. |
- Ek, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Aviation on the ground: Safety culture in a ground handling company
- 2007
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Aviation Psychology. - 1050-8414. ; 17:1, s. 59-76
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ground handling work performance is an important part of the civil aviation flight cycle. Well-functioning safety management for minimizing the risk for accidents is vital and dependent on the safety culture. This article reports on a safety culture assessment of a ground handling company using a multiplex approach method. The study is included in the establishment of reference data concerning safety culture aspects in different transport branches. The results of the assessment reveal a generally good existing safety culture. However, the safety culture is somewhat poorer than that estimated and desired by the managers and that in other transport branches.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Ek, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Organizational issues and safety culture in ATM. Part I - stability analysis
- 2005
-
Ingår i: The 6th USA/Europe Air Traffic Management R&D Seminar.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish Air Navigation Services Provider (LFV ANS) are undergoing major organizational changes in order to adapt to changing demands on efficiency and technical development in air traffic control. In these change processes the foundations of the safety work can be affected and changes in the existing safety culture can be introduced. In a joint research project – Human Factors in Air Navigation Services (HUFA) – between the Swedish Civil Aviation Administration and Lund University the focus is on human and organizational factors and safety in air traffic control. The aim of the project is to study safety culture and related organizational issues in order to monitor these during the change processes. Study locations are the two main air traffic control centers and parts of the LFV ANS head office in Sweden. Using questionnaire assessments, three measurement rounds will be conducted during the course of about three years. Studies 1 and 2 are completed, where the first one has given baseline values. After 20 months, study 2 was completed in order to monitor the effect of spontaneously occurring organizational changes. This paper presents results concerning the stability of the investigated organizational climate, leadership style of team managers, psychosocial work environment, and safety culture.
|
|
| 9. |
- Ek, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Safety culture in Swedish air traffic control
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-7535. ; 45:7, s. 791-811
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- European air traffic control is undergoing changes in organization and technology in order to increase efficiency in air traffic. Change processes can have a negative impact on existing safety cultures, the foundations of safety work, and on safety. This paper reports on an assessment of safety culture at one administrative and two operative units in a Swedish air traffic control setting, using questionnaire packages and interviews, and focuses on 391 questionnaire respondents. The objectives of the study were to obtain baseline data of safety culture aspects and relationships between safety culture and organizational climate before major organizational and technical changes were implemented, and to yield reference data on safety culture aspects in this transport branch. The safety culture aspects were generally perceived and judged to be good by the respondents. Relationships were identified between the organizational climate and the safety culture at the two operative units, where a higher level of Support for ideas and a lower level of Conflicts were positively related to many of the investigated safety culture aspects. The general safety culture in the air traffic control setting was found to be on a somewhat higher average score level than that found in the authors' previous studies of passenger shipping and airport ground handling.
|
|
| 10. |
- Ek, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Safety culture on board six Swedish passenger ships
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Maritime Policy & Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1464-5254 .- 0308-8839. ; 32:2, s. 159-176
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the results of a Swedish study on maritime safety culture. The study aims to increase knowledge about the characteristics of safety culture in the maritime setting and the relationship between safety culture and organizational climate. This knowledge can be vital in the process of developing and improving a safety culture. The paper reports the results of safety culture assessments on board six Swedish passenger ships in international traffic using observations, questionnaires, and interviews and focuses on 508 employees who completed the questionnaires. The results of the assessments revealed a generally good existing safety culture. Differences in individuals’ safety culture perceptions were found between ships, vessel type (high speed craft versus Ropax), and hierarchical working position. Important relationships between organizational climate and safety culture were also found. A comparison with other transport sectors where the same safety culture assessment has been applied, yielded that passenger shipping had an average safety culture score level in between air traffic control and airport ramp organizations. The method of assessment, which can be used by shipping companies and vessel crews, identified specific areas of concern in the safety culture that could support continuous improvements of safety and safety culture.
|
|
