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- Abaravicius, Juozas
(författare)
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Load Management in Residential Buildings: Considering Techno-Economical and Environmental Aspects
- 2004
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Load problems in electricity markets occur both on the supply and demand side and can have technical, economic and even political causes. Commonly, such problems have been solved by expanding production and/or distribution capacity, importing electricity or by load management. Load management is a techno-economic measure for harmonizing the relations between supply and demand sides, optimizing power generation and transmission and increasing security of supply. Interest in load management differs depending on the perspective of the actors involved: from customer, utility, or producer to state policymaker. The problem of load demand and load management in residential sector is in this thesis approached from different perspectives, i.e. technical, economic, and environmental. The study does not go deep into detailed analyses of each perspective, but rather aims to establish and analyze the links between them. This trans-disciplinary approach is the key methodological moment used in the research work performed by the research group for load management in buildings at the Lund Institute of Technology. The key objective of this study is to analyze load demand variation and load management possibilities in residential sector, particularly detached and semi-detached houses, to experimentally test and analyze the conditions and potential of direct load management from customer and utility viewpoint. Techno-economic and environmental aspects are investigated. The study was performed in collaboration with one electric utility in Southern Sweden. Ten electric-heated houses were equipped with extra meters, enabling hourly load measurements for heating, hot water and total electricity use. Household heating and hot water systems were controlled by the utility using an existing remote reading and monitoring system. The residents noticed some of the control periods, although they didn’t express any larger discomfort. The experiments proved that direct load management might be a possible solution for the utility to solve their peak demand problems. Another solution, considered by the utility and analyzed in this study is a construction of diesel peak power plant. This alternative has negative environmental consequences compared to load management. The analysis of environmental aspects was extended to national level. To include an environmental perspective is a novel approach, since traditionally, load management evaluation is limited the economic and technical viewpoints. It identifies and discusses the possible environmental benefits of load management and evaluates their significance, primary focusing on CO2 emissions reduction. The results show the importance of considering the influence of site-specific or level-specific conditions on the environmental effects of load management. On the national level, load management measures can hardly provide significant environmental benefits, since hydropower is used as the demand following production source in Sweden. Emission reductions will rather be the result of energy efficiency measures, which will cut the load demand as well as the energy demand.
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| 2. |
- Abdelmassih Waller, Peter
(författare)
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Den utsträckta TV:n - Ett exempel ur praktiken
- 2007
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this licentiate thesis is twofold: 1) to describe old people’s interest in and prospects of using the television for something other than traditional TV viewing, and 2) to describe the nonlinearities in the design process in which this research was performed. A concept called The Extended TV was developed and tested (by old people, their relatives and care workers) in a new nursing home in the process of moving in, hiring employees, making final adjustments on the premises and in the technology. A total of thirty old people, between 60 and 100 years old, were included in the process which was carried out between June 2006 and February 2007. A pivotal background factor was that the initial resistance to the technology itself was low when it came to such a frequently used product as the television set. This proved to also be the case in this study when it came to TVs with flat screens (installed in all rooms and entirely independent of this project). The functions in The Extended TV included both personal ones and ones in common with other residents. The common functions consisted of an internal TV channel and two media centres with the necessary equipment to view common internal productions, other programmes of general interest and material that relatives supplied. The personal function dealt with communication based on one individual’s photo album presented on her own TV. The function and usage of The Extended TV were developed in and through an interweaving of visions, expertise, relationships, responsibilities and logistical prerequisites. The results deal with the interface, the people themselves in action (the old people, their relatives, the staff, IT consultants, technology providers, myself and many others), our tools and the scope of our action. What undoubtedly took the most time was the nonlinear design process. It was complex and by no means followed the initial plans. This is indeed more the rule than the exception in situated human design processes, but is documented all too seldom. I hope that the lessons from the usage of The Extended TV will contribute to innovative ideas concerning old people’s TV viewing.
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| 3. |
- Abrahamsson, Marcus
(författare)
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Uncertainty in Quantitative Risk Analysis - Characterisation and Methods of Treatment
- 2002
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The fundamental problems related to uncertainty in quantitative risk analyses, used in decision making in safety-related issues (for instance, in land use planning and licensing procedures for hazardous establishments and activities) are presented and discussed, together with the different types of uncertainty that are introduced in the various stages of an analysis. A survey of methods for the practical treatment of uncertainty, with emphasis on the kind of information that is needed for the different methods, and the kind of results they produce, is also presented. Furthermore, a thorough discussion of the arguments for and against each of the methods is given, and of different levels of treatment based on the problem under consideration. Recommendations for future research and standardisation efforts are proposed.
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| 7. |
- Ahlquist, Fredrik
(författare)
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A Methodology for Operations Planning
- 2002
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The key to successful manufacturing of complicated geometry in numerically controlled machines lies in the control and quality of operations planning. This thesis presents a methodology for automated operations planning for milling with five axes. The goal in this research has been to develop a methodology to achieve complicated machining faster than today. The result is a methodology that uses planning ideas from manufacturing process planning and surrounding research areas such as the generative approach, the variant approach and expert systems that are normally used in automatic systems. This methodology uses a human operations planner to put predefined operations planning structures in the right places in a complicated operations plan. In this way the presented methodology is a semi-automatic approach, since it uses a human as the expert. The methodology has continuously been tested and developed in different real-life cases. The three different products that are subject for these tests are presented herein. It is three different products with certain differences and similarities. The products operations planning has been made more efficient by using this methodology in three slightly different ways adapted to the current situation.
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| 10. |
- Anderberg, Anders
(författare)
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Moisture properties of self-levelling flooring compounds
- 2004
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Self-levelling flooring compounds (SLC) are used to level substrates (mainly concrete slabs) before applying final floor coverings. Although it is an extensively used product, only limited research has so far been published concerning their moisture properties. This report focuses on moisture properties of SLC and describes methods for determining them. Moisture properties of materials are important for the calculation of drying times and moisture loads and for prediction of ion transport and degradation rates. In this report, measurements of moisture diffusion and moisture sorption are presented. Measurements were made with three commercial SLC. Later in the project, results from this report will be used when the function of SLC in flooring constructions will be investigated. These investigations will mainly concern transport of moisture and OH-ions and degradation of other materials in contact with SLC, such as components in flooring adhesives and PVC-floorings.
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