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- Adlercreutz, Patrick
(författare)
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Activation of enzymes in organic media at low water activity by polyols and saccharides
- 1993
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Ingår i: BBA - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology. - 0167-4838. ; 1163:2, s. 144-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase and α-chymotrypsin were deposited on a porous support material, Celite. After equilibration at a well-defined water activity, the catalytic activity was measured with diisopropyl ether as reaction medium. The effects of the presence of polyols and simple saccharides in the preparations were investigated. The additives caused a considerable increase in the amount of water bound to the preparation at a fixed water activity. At low water activities the catalytic activity was increased and at high water activity it was decreased by the additives. The presence of additives increased the ratio of alcoholysis-to-hydrolysis activity of chymotrypsin.
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- Agace, W., et al.
(författare)
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Selective cytokine production by epithelial cells following exposure to Escherichia coli
- 1993
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Ingår i: Infection and Immunity. - 0019-9567. ; 61:2, s. 602-609
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study compared the repertoire of cytokines produced by epithelial cell lines and human peripheral blood monocytes in response to Escherichia coli. The A-498 and J82 urinary tract epithelial cell lines and human peripheral blood monocytes were exposed to E. coli Hu734. The cytokine content of single cells was detected by indirect immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies to interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), TNF-β, IL-6, IL-8, and granulocyte macrophage- colony-stimulating factor, and the number of positive cells was used to quantitate the response. The J82 bladder cell line stained positive for IL- 6, IL-8, and IL-1α. The IL-8 and IL-6 response peaked at 2 h, while the number of IL-1α-positive cells reached a peak 6 h after E. coli stimulation. The A-498 kidney cell line stained for IL-8 with a peak at 2 h and IL-6 with a peak at 6 h after E. coli stimulation. Peripheral blood monocytes stained for the cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6, and TNF-α but not for TNF-β and granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor after stimulation with E. coli. The results demonstrated that bacteria activated a cytokine response in the epithelial cell lines and monocytes. The epithelial cell lines had a more limited cytokine response profile than circulating monocytes, which may serve to limit the consequences of microbial exposure at the mucosal surface and help maintain the integrity of other tissue compartments.
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- Agace, W. W., et al.
(författare)
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Interleukin-8 and the neutrophil response to mucosal gram-negative infection
- 1993
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Investigation. - 0021-9738. ; 92:2, s. 780-785
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urinary tract infections activate a mucosal inflammatory response, which includes cytokine secretion and neutrophil influx. The mechanisms involved in the neutrophil influx have not been identified. Interleukin-8, a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils, is produced by urinary tract epithelial cell lines in vitro. This study analyzed the human IL-8 response to deliberate Escherichia coli infection of the urinary tract. Urine and serum samples were obtained before and after intravesical instillation of E. coli. Neutrophil numbers were determined on uncentrifuged urine, and IL-8 levels were measured by ELISA. A urinary IL-8 response was found in all patients after bacterial instillation, but no serum IL-8 was detected. There was a strong correlation between urinary IL-8 levels and urinary neutrophil numbers. The same E. coli strains used to colonize the patients stimulated IL-8 production in urinary tract epithelial cells. The level of IL-8 secreted by epithelial cell lines was influenced by the fimbrial properties of the E. coli. These results demonstrated that E. coli elicit a mucosal IL-8 response in humans, and suggested that IL-8 is involved in the onset of pyuria. Epithelial cells may be an important source of IL-8 during urinary tract infection.
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- Agardh, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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The five-year incidence of blindness after introducing a screening programme for early detection of treatable diabetic retinopathy
- 1993
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Ingår i: Diabetic Medicine. - 1464-5491. ; 10:6, s. 555-559
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The incidence of moderate visual impairment and blindness due to diabetic retinopathy was studied 5 years after introducing a screening system for early detection of treatable retinopathy. Photocoagulation was performed in patients with clinically significant macular oedema, severe preproliferative, and proliferative retinopathy. Eighty-eight percent of 470 Type 1 and 88% of 388 Type 2 diabetic patients were still available for follow-up. In the Type 1 group, the five-year incidence of blindness and moderate visual impairment were 0.5% and 1.2%, respectively. Corresponding figures for the Type 2 diabetic patients were 0.6% and 1.7%, respectively. The majority of patients with loss of vision had severe retinopathy at baseline. Among those who entered the screening programme with no or mild retinopathy, loss of vision occurred in only one of the Type 1 and four of the Type 2 diabetic patients. It is concluded that the risk for visual impairment and blindness due to diabetes can be substantially reduced by using programmes for early detection of and effective treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
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- Ahlmann, Hans
(författare)
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Service och underhåll
- 1993
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Ingår i: ABB Industrihandbok. ; Kap 13
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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- Ahlström, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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The human skeletal remains from the Rössberga passage grave, Valtorp parish, Västergötland
- 1993
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Ingår i: Populations of the Nordic countries : Human population biology from the present to the Mesolithic. Proceedings of the second seminar of Nordic Physical Anthropology, Lund 1990 - Human population biology from the present to the Mesolithic. Proceedings of the second seminar of Nordic Physical Anthropology, Lund 1990. - 0281-3440. - 9197155853 ; 46, s. 189-197
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Ahrén, B, et al.
(författare)
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Potential clinical use of the EDTA-infusion test
- 1993
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry. - 0939-4974. ; 31:6, s. 8-353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The introduction of assays for the intact parathyrin (parathyroid hormone) has dramatically improved the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. However, in some patients with mild or intermittent hypercalcaemia, when plasma concentrations of intact parathyrin may be within the normal reference concentrations, the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism may still be problematic. In these patients, the EDTA-infusion test is of potential value, as it also might be in patients with equivocal operative findings.
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