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| 2. |
- Aberg, J., et al.
(författare)
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Non-uniform PPM and context tree models
- 1998
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Ingår i: Proceedings DCC '98 Data Compression Conference. - 0818684062 ; , s. 279-288
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The problem of optimizing PPM with the help of different choices of estimators and their parameters for different subsets of nodes in the context tree is considered. Methods of such optimization for Markov chain and context tree models for individual files and over given sets of files are presented, and it is demonstrated that the extension from Markov chain models to context tree models is necessary to receive significant improvements of the compression ratio.
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| 3. |
- Abrahamsson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Distribution Channel Reengineering - Organisational Separation of Distribution and Sales Functions in the European Market
- 1998
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Ingår i: Transport Logistics. ; 1:4, s. 237-249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, the concept of distribution channel re-engineering stands for a restructuring of distribution activities where the physical distribution and sales functions are organizationally separated from each other. The objective of the re-engineering process is primarily to reach dramatic improvements in operational efficiency. Our study indicates improvements in the distribution process in terms of: (1) economies of scale; (2) specialization and increased expertise; and (3) coordination and control. Altogether, the competitive outcomes of distribution channel re-engineering can be dramatic improvements both in cost efficiency and customer services. Modern information technology is the necessary vehicle both for a successful organizational separation of functions, including an efficient coordination between functions, and at the same time a closer integration within each function. Distribution channel re-engineering is probably the most important key to a successful restructuring of distribution channels of standardized products on the European market. In a case study of a multinational tool manufacturer, the improvements in terms of decreased costs and increased customer services have been remarkable. Traditional distribution structures, building chains of warehouses from factories through central warehouses to national warehouses at the sales company level, have been replaced with distribution structures of centralized warehousing to one single distribution centre and also of centralized administration from sales companies to one single administrative centre covering the European market.
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| 4. |
- Accomando, E., et al.
(författare)
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Physics with e + e - linear colliders
- 1998
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Ingår i: Physics Reports. - 0370-1573. ; 299:1, s. 1-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The physics potential of e + e - linear colliders is summarized in this report. These machines are planned to operate in the first phase at a center-of-mass energy of 500 GeV, before being scaled up to about 1 TeV. In the second phase of the operation, a final energy of about 2 TeV is expected. The machines will allow us to perform precision tests of the heavy particles in the Standard Model, the top quark and the electroweak bosons. They are ideal facilities for exploring the properties of Higgs particles, in particular in the intermediate mass range. New vector bosons and novel matter particles in extended gauge theories can be searched for and studied thoroughly. The machines provide unique opportunities for the discovery of particles in supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model, the spectrum of Higgs particles, the supersymmetric partners of the electroweak gauge and Higgs bosons, and of the matter particles. High precision analyses of their properties and interactions will allow for extrapolations to energy scales close to the Planck scale where gravity becomes significant. In alternative scenarios, i.e. compositeness models, novel matter particles and interactions can be discovered and investigated in the energy range above the existing colliders up to the TeV scale. Whatever scenario is realized in Nature, the discovery potential of e + e - linear colliders and the high precision with which the properties of particles and their interactions can be analyzed, define an exciting physics program complementary to hadron machines.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Adawi, Diya
(författare)
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Acute Liver Injury and the Gut. Role of Nitric Oxide, and the Effect of Arginine and Probiotic Administration
- 1998
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Infectious complications with enteric bacteria are common in liver diseases and liver surgery. An increased bacterial translocation from the gut has been proposed as one underlying mechanism. In order to elucidate pathogenetic mechanisms and find possible preventive measures, we manipulated the enteric content and therefore we investigated the role of nitric oxide and the effect of arginine and probiotic administration on bacterial translocation, extent of liver injury and the associated intestinal mucosal changes in a D-galactosamine acute liver injury model. We showed that bacterial translocation could be one of the mechanisms potentiating the liver injury in this model of hepatotoxicity. Nitric oxide protects the liver from the acute injury. It reduces the liver injury and decreases bacterial translocation to the extraintestinal sites. Arginine has beneficial effects on the liver and reduces bacterial translocation. Nitric oxide production plays a role in the effects of arginine, but arginine can have effects on both liver and gut besides nitric oxide production. Modulation of the intestinal microflora by the administration of lactobacilli, reduces the potentially pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae count, bacterial translocation to extraintestinal sites and liver injury. The reduction of bacterial translocation and liver injury could be mediated via nitric oxide production. We have shown the importance of the gut and luminal factors in modulating the extent of the liver injury. It seems possible to alter the microecology of the gut by administration of probiotics and the addition of substrates, such as arginine, may locally influence the production of biological mediators. This can act as nutrition for the mucosa and host, but simultaneously give rise to pharmacologic actions both locally and at distant sites.
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| 10. |
- Ademark, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Softwood hemicellulose-degrading enzymes from Aspergillus niger: Purification and properties of a β-mannanase
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of Biotechnology. - 1873-4863. ; 63:3, s. 199-210
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The enzymes needed for galactomannan hydrolysis, i.e. β-mannanase, α-galactosidase and β-mannosidase, were produced by the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger. The β-mannanase was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity in three steps using ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The purified enzyme had an isoelectric point of 3.7 and a molecular mass of 40 kDa. Ivory nut mannan was degraded mainly to mannobiose and mannotriose when incubated with the β-mannanase. Analysis by 1H NMR spectroscopy during hydrolysis of mannopentaose showed that the enzyme acts by the retaining mechanism. The N-terminus of the purified A. niger β-mannanase was sequenced by Edman degradation, and comparison with Aspergillus aculeatus β-mannanase indicated high identity. The enzyme most probably lacks a cellulose binding domain since it was unable to adsorb on cellulose.
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