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- Abkar, Ali
(författare)
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Invariant Subspaces in Spaces of Analytic Functions
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Let D be a finitely connected bounded domain with smooth boundary in the complex plane. We first study Banach spaces of analytic functions on D . The main result is a theorem which converts the study of hyperinvariant subspaces on multiply connected domains into the study of hyperinvariant subspaces on domains with fewer holes. The Banach spaces are defined by a natural set of axioms fulfilled by the familiar Hardy, Dirichlet, and Bergman spaces. Let D_1 be a bounded domain obtained from D by adding some of the connectivity components of the complement of D ; hence D_1 has fewer holes. Let B and B_1 be the Banach spaces of analytic functions on the domains D and D_1 , respectively. Assume that I is a hyperinvariant subspace of B_1 , and consider the smallest hyperinvariant subspace of B containing I ; this is Lambda (I) , the closure in B of the span of I cdot M(B) , where M(B) denotes the space of multipliers of B . Under reasonable assumptions, we prove that I mapsto Lambda (I) gives a one-to-one correspondence between a class of hyperinvariant subspaces of B_1 , and a class of hyperinvariant subspaces of B . The inverse mapping is given by J mapsto J cap B_1 . We then generalize the above result to the setting of the quasi-Banach spaces of analytic functions on D . In Chapter IV, we shall establish a Riesz-type representation formula for super-biharmonic functions satisfying certain growth conditions on the unit disk. This representation formula can be regarded as an analogue of the Poisson-Jensen representation formula for subharmonic functions. In Chapter V, this representation formula will be used to prove an approximation theorem in certain weighted Bergman spaces. More precisely, we consider those weighted Bergman spaces whose (non-radial) weights are super-biharmonic and fulfill a certain growth condition. We shall prove that the polynomials are dense in such weighted Bergman spaces.
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- Adalberth, Karin
(författare)
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Energy Use in Multi-Family Dwellings during their Life Cycle
- 1999
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study is to analyse the total use of energy in four multi-family houses during their life cycles, and to compare the use of energy during the different periods in the life cycle. The aim is also to investigate how energy use during the life cycle changes with different construction parts, e g if the thermal insulation thickness or the framework is changed. Results show that the energy used to manufacture building and installation materials during the production phase is approx. 800-1,200 kWh m2 usable floor area. This corresponds to 10-15 per cent of the total energy use during the life cycle. A majority of the energy is used during the period of occupancy for e g space heating, ventilation, domestic hot water production, household electricity and lighting. During this period 5,000-7,500 kWh/m2 usable floor area is used (the life span of the occupancy is assumed to be 50 years). The energy use during this period equals 80-85 per cent of the total use during the life cycle. Results also show a small difference between buildings with different kinds of framework. The difference is very small. It is thus impossible to conclude that one framework is more energy- efficient than another. Instead, the best way to design an energy-efficient building would be to install a heat recovery system in the exhaust air and use windows with a low U value. These solutions may decrease the total energy use during the whole life cycle for one of the studied houses, by 13 and 6 per cent respectively.
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| 6. |
- Ademark, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrolytic properties of a beta-mannosidase purified from Aspergillus niger. J. Biotechnol. 75: 281-289.
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Biotechnology. - 1873-4863. ; 75:2-3, s. 281-289
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A β-mannosidase was purified to homogeneity from the culture filtrate of Aspergillus niger. A specific activity of 500 nkat mg−1 and a 53-fold purification was achieved using ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. The isolated enzyme has an isoelectric point of 5.0 and appears to be a dimer composed of two 135-kDa subunits. It is a glycoprotein and contains 17% N-linked carbohydrate by weight. Maximal activity was observed at pH 2.4–5.0 and at 70°C. The β-mannosidase hydrolyzed β-1,4-linked manno-oligosaccharides of degree of polymerization (DP) 2–6 and also released mannose from polymeric ivory nut mannan and galactomannan. The Km and Vmax values for p-nitrophenyl-β-Image-mannopyranoside were 0.30 mM and 500 nkat mg−1, respectively. Hydrolysis of Image-galactose substituted manno-oligosaccharides showed that the β-mannosidase was able to cleave up to, but not beyond, a side group. An internal peptide sequence of 15 amino acids was highly similar to that of an Aspergillus aculeatus β-mannosidase belonging to family 2 of glycosyl hydrolases.
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| 7. |
- Adeyinka, Adewale
(författare)
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Cytogenetic studies of primary and metastatic breast cancer
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A series of primary and metastatic breast carcinomas obtained from female and male patients were cytogenetically analysed. Trisomy 12 was identified as a recurrent and sometimes early event in breast carcinogenesis. Also, multiple polysomies involving chromosomes 1, 5, 6, 7, 12, 16, 18, and 19 were identified as a possible pathway of progression in a subset of carcinomas. Among the male breast carcinomas, +7, del(16)(q13) and +20 were identified as recurrent changes. A study of invasive breast carcinomas of histological types usually considered to be prognostically favourable revealed that medullary carcinomas are cytogenetically more complex than mucinous and tubular carcinomas, with medullary carcinomas often exhibiting karyotypic features that have previously been associated with aggressive breast carcinomas, i.e., highly complex chromosome aberrations with near-triploid chromosome numbers. A cytogenetic comparison of primary breast carcinomas and their lymph node metastases, as well as a comparison of chromosomal imbalances in node-positive and node-negative primary breast carcinomas, showed that monosomy for chromosomes 17, 18, and 22 seem to be important in the metastatic process. On the other hand, loss of material from the proximal part of the long arm of chromosome 6 and loss of the long arm of chromosome 16 were preferentially associated with a node-negative phenotype in primary breast cancer.
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| 8. |
- Adrem, Anders H
(författare)
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Essays on Disclosure Practices in Sweden - Causes and Effects
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This doctoral thesis examines the causes and effects of corporate disclosure practices. The thesis consists of four independent but related essays that collectively make up a country study for Sweden. The first essay aims to explain why some firms have a proactive disclosure strategy while others devote less resources and effort to disclosure and investor relations. Information about Swedish firms' disclosure strategies was collected by questionnaire. The results show that the probability of a firm claiming it has a proactive disclosure strategy increases with size, ownership dispersion and official listing on the Stockholm Stock Exchange, but decreases with service & retail sector affiliation. To validate the results obtained for the firms' claimed disclosure strategies, analyst ratings of the firms' disclosure strategies were used. These were also collected by questionnaire. The analysis of analyst ratings yielded similar results. Overall, the findings are interpreted to suggest that asymmetric information and agency costs as well as capital market pressures to a great extent determine and explain a firm's choice of disclosure strategy. The second essay investigates the influence of two distinct disclosure strategies, proactive and reactive, on voluntary annual report disclosures by small listed Swedish firms. The findings reveal that, after controlling for factors that may vary with voluntary annual report disclosure level, the proactive disclosure strategy, compared to the reactive disclosure strategy, has a primary influence on strategic information and on stock price information, a secondary influence on financial information, but no influence on social information. The third essay examines whether and how international capital market pressures influence voluntary disclosure decisions by Swedish manufacturing MNEs in the context of the annual report. The results show that, after controlling for size and two important dimensions of the multifaceted concept of multinationality, international capital market pressures significantly influence the extent of strategic annual report disclosure and in particular strategic segmental disclosures. The fourth essay examines the effect of disclosure strategy on analysts' decisions to follow a firm and the characteristics of analysts' earnings forecasts. The findings show that, after controlling for important factors in a firm's information environment, firms with a more active and informative disclosure strategy are followed by a larger pool of analysts and have lower forecast dispersion. The findings also show a positive but insignificant effect of disclosure strategy on forecast accuracy. Further, no empirical evidence of systematic optimism or pessimism in analyst forecasts is found, but there is a tendency among analysts to overreact to information from firms with a more active and informative disclosure strategy.
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| 9. |
- af Klinteberg, C, et al.
(författare)
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Kinetic fluorescence studies of 5-aminolaevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX accumulation in basal cell carcinomas
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology. - 1011-1344. ; 49:2-3, s. 120-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) investigations have been performed in connection with photodynamic therapy (PDT) of basal cell carcinomas and adjacent normal skin following topical application of 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) in order to study the kinetics of the protoporphyrin TX (PpIX) build-up. Five superficial and 10 nodular lesions in 15 patients are included in the study. Fluorescence measurements are performed prior to the application of ALA, 2, 4 and 6 h port ALA application, immediately post PDT (60 J cm(-2) at 635 nm), and 2 h after the treatment. Hence, the build-up, photobleaching and re-accumulation of PpIX can be followed. Superficial lesions show a maximum PpIX fluorescence 6 h post ALA application, whereas the intensity is already the highest 2-4 h after the application in nodular lesions. Immediately post PDT, the fluorescence contribution at 670 Mm from the photoproducts is about 2% of the pre-PDT PpIX fluorescence at 635 nm. Two hours after the treatment, a uniform distribution of PpIX is found in the lesion and surrounding normal tissue. During the whole procedure, the autofluorescence of the lesions and the normal skin does not vary significantly from the values recorded before the application of ALA. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- af Klinteberg, Claes
(författare)
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On the use of light for the characterization and treatment of malignant tumours
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Some aspects on the use of light for tissue characterization and treatment of malignant tumours are discussed within this thesis. The work presented aims at improving optical techniques for tissue characterization, especially to detect malignant and pre-malignant lesions. A knowledge on the interaction between light and tissue is of utmost importance to understand and improve the various techniques. A relatively thorough discussion on the light propagation in scattering media is given. A commonly used mathematical model, the diffusion approximation of the transport equation, is derived. Moreover, knowledge of the optical properties of tissue, i.e., the absorption and scattering coefficients, the scattering anisotropy, and the refractive index, is needed to use the mathematical models. Various techniques for in vivo measurements of the tissue optical properties are presented. Furthermore, some of these techniques have been developed into prototype equipment to be used for breast cancer detection, as an alternative to the ordinary mammography based on ionizing X-rays. A therapeutic modality, photodynamic therapy (PDT), presently being introduced into clinical practice has also been investigated. This technique relies on the selective uptake of a photosensitizing agent, and the subsequent irradiation using light. The light absorbed by the photosensitizer triggers a photochemical reaction, leading to local cell death. In the work presented here, d-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) has been used as a photosensitizer. A randomized Phase III clinical trial has been conducted to compare PDT with cryosurgery for the treatment of basal cell carcinomas of the skin. The influence on the treatment of various parameters have been investigated and are discussed. Laser-induced fluorescence studies were performed to detect and demarcate superficial malignant and pre-malignant lesions. Both the tissue autofluorescence and the characteristic emission of fluorescent tumour markers were employed. Fluorescence was also used to monitor the selective buildup and the photodegradation of the photosensitizer in connection to PDT, using a point-monitoring technique. Two fluorescence imaging systems have also been used to outline skin lesions. Laser-Doppler perfusion imaging is a non-contact optical technique used to monitor the superficial blood perfusion, and was here used to evaluate the healing time following cryosurgery and PDT.
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