| 1. |
- Ahlqvist, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of projection errors on cephalometric length measurements
- 1986
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Ingår i: European Journal of Orthodontics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0141-5387 .- 1460-2210. ; 8:3, s. 141-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The magnitude of projection errors, calculated theoretically on length measurements in cephalometry was studied. Rotation of the object by up to 5° from the proper position, resulted in errors in length measurements that were usually less than one percent. Rotations of more than 5° may increase the error but imply misalignments of the head that should be evident when positioning the patient. The advantage of extremely long focus film distances seems doubtful.
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| 2. |
- Ahrén, C M, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of methods for detection of colonization factor antigens on enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.
- 1986
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Microbiology. - 0095-1137 .- 1098-660X. ; 23:3, s. 586-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fecal Escherichia coli isolates from 196 patients with watery diarrhea and 68 healthy individuals (controls) were analyzed in Bangladesh immediately after isolation for the presence of colonization factor antigen (CFA) I or II (CFA/I or CFA/II, respectively) by a mannose-resistant hemagglutination (MRHA) test with six species of erythrocytes and by a slide agglutination test with absorbed CFA/I or CFA/II antisera. The presence of CFAs was confirmed by immunodiffusion analyses done in Sweden. By these methods, it was found that 49 of 69 enterotoxin-producing E. coli strains isolated from patients carried CFA/I or CFA/II, whereas none of the nonenterotoxigenic E. coli isolates or the three toxin-positive strains isolated from healthy individuals carried these adhesins. All E. coli strains retained their MRHA ability after transportation to Sweden followed by one subculture and after storage at -70 degrees C (but not at room temperature) for 1 to 2 years without further subculturing. After 5 to 10 subcultures of the fresh isolates, however, 70% of the initially CFA/I- and 80% of the initially CFA/II-carrying strains analyzed did not hemagglutinate. The efficacy of different methods for detecting CFAs on the fresh isolates was compared with that of immunodiffusion. The sensitivity of MRHA with human blood group A erythrocytes for the detection of CFA/I was high (97%), but the specificity was only 69%. The sensitivity of MRHA with bovine erythrocytes for the detection of CFA/II in Bangladesh was very low but increased considerably when chicken erythrocytes were also used. Whereas both false-positive and false-negative reactions were obtained when absorbed CFA antisera were used for agglutination, antisera against purified CFAs were equally effective as immunodiffusion in identifying CFA/I and CFA/II-carrying strains.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Andersson, C, et al.
(författare)
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Symboler och lek
- 1986
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Ingår i: Att bygga sin värld. - Stockholm : Psykologiförlaget. - 9174181297 ; , s. 224-228
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Inger, 1937-
(författare)
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Läsning och skrivning : En analys av texter för den allmänna läs- och skrivundervisningen 1842-1982
- 1986
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this work is to elucidate changes in the function and position attributed to the general reading and writing instruction. The studies focus on the description and the analysis of the content and form of this instruction as they are expressed in texts for the educational practice during the period 1842-1982. It is also the aim of this historical study to try to contributetò a greater understanding of the inadequate skills in reading and writing observed among Swedish pupils.Theoretically, the work is based on a structural point of view and on a materialistic outlook on history. Education is regarded as a matter of social and cultural reproduction. Reading and writing are regarded as social and cultural phenomena. The function and position that, explicitly or implicitly, are attributed to the general reading and writing instruction are also regarded as important factors.The empiric material includes, inter alia, Riksdag documents, official curricula, readers, teacher's manuals and school inspector reports. These texts are analyzed in the light of educational and societal conditions and changes.The study presents a survey of the general reading and writing instruction during the aforesaid period. The report provides many examples of how economic, political and ideological conditions in society are expressed in texts for the educational practice. It also shows the influence of the dominating class of society on the prescribed content and form of this instruction. The study shows that the function and position attributed to reading and writing instruction have varied over time. A qualifying and an ideological function can be discerned and a subordinate and a dominant position can be observed. The report shows the changes in the emphasis on function and position and in the prescribed content and form of the instruction. The problem of the pupils' inadequate reading and writing abilities has recurrently been brought up during this period. One aspect of this problem concerns the skills that the pupils are supposed to learn. The second aspect concerns the demands that can be made on their ability.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
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Techniques for determining thermal conductivity and heat capacity under hydrostatic pressure
- 1986
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Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 57:8, s. 1633-1639
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper describes a method for measuring the pressure dependence of the thermal conductivity and the heat capacity of hard materials and single crystals. Two parallel metal strips are evaporated onto a flat surface of the specimen, one being used as a heater, the other as a resistance thermometer. The appropriate theoretical expression for a specimen in a liquid medium is fitted to the temperature, sampled at constant time intervals. The thermophysical properties of the liquid high‐pressure medium are taken from hot‐wire experiments. The procedure has been thoroughly tested at atmospheric pressure using an MgO crystal and glass as specimens and liquids of different characteristics in lieu of high‐pressure medium. The accuracy attainable was found to be 3% or better, the standard deviation of the measurements being about 0.3%. The potential of the system was demonstrated by measurements on single‐crystal MgO under pressures up to 1 GPa.
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| 10. |
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