| 1. |
- Andersson, Mats R., et al.
(författare)
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Regioselective polymerization of 3-(4-octylphenyl)thiophene with FeCl3
- 1994
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Ingår i: Macromolecules. - : American Chemical Society. - 0024-9297 .- 1520-5835. ; 27:22, s. 6503-6506
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have shown that it is possible to regioselectively polymerize 3-(4-octylphenyl) thiophene with FeCl3. Adding FeCl3 slowly to the monomer leads to a soft and therefore regioselective polymerization. The head-to-tail content was determined by H-1 NMR to be 94 +/- 2%. Thin films of the polymer treated with chloroform vapor have an absorption maximum at 602 nm (2.06 eV) with clear vibronic fine structure. Free standing films have a conductivity of 4 S/cm, which is 100 times higher than for earlier prepared poly(3-(4-octylphenyl)thiophene). A mechanism for the regioregular polymerization is also proposed.
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| 2. |
- Berggren, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Light-emitting diodes with variable colours from polymer blends
- 1994
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 372:6505, s. 444-446
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- THE range of materials now available for polymer-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is such that electroluminescence can be obtained throughout the visible spectrum(1-12). Here we show that, by blending polymers with different emission and charge-transport characteristics, LEDs can be fabricated in which the emission colour varies as a function of the operating voltage. This phenomenon arises from the self-organizing properties of the blends, in which entropy drives phase separation of the constituent polymers and gives rise to submicrometre-sized domains having a range of compositions and emission characteristics. Emission from domains of different composition is controlled by the ease with which charge is injected, which in turn depends on the applied voltage.
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| 3. |
- Berggren, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
-
White light from an electroluminescent diode made from poly[3(4‐octylphenyl)‐2,2′‐bithiophene] and an oxadiazole derivative
- 1994
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 76:11, s. 7530-7534
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on an electroluminescent diode emitting red, green, and blue light simultaneously. The device is based on a thin polymer layer, poly[3‐(4‐octylphenyl)‐2,2′‐bithiophene] and a thick molecular layer, 2‐(4‐biphenylyl)‐5‐(4‐tertbutyl‐phenyl)1,3,5‐oxadiazole. The quantum efficiency for light conversion is 0.3% and the turn‐on voltage for light emission is 7 V. In this article we present electric and spectroscopic characterizations. A mechanism for the light emission, based on electron and hole recombination between the two organic layers, is proposed
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