| 1. |
- Niméus, Emma, et al.
(author)
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Gene expression profiling in primary breast cancer distinguishes patients developing local recurrence after breast-conservation surgery, with or without postoperative radiotherapy
- 2008
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In: Breast Cancer Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-5411 .- 1465-542X. ; 10:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- IntroductionSome patients with breast cancer develop local recurrence after breast-conservation surgery despite postoperative radiotherapy, whereas others remain free of local recurrence even in the absence of radiotherapy. As clinical parameters are insufficient for identifying these two groups of patients, we investigated whether gene expression profiling would add further information.MethodsWe performed gene expression analysis (oligonucleotide arrays, 26,824 reporters) on 143 patients with lymph node-negative disease and tumor-free margins. A support vector machine was employed to build classifiers using leave-one-out cross-validation.ResultsWithin the estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) subgroup, the gene expression profile clearly distinguished patients with local recurrence after radiotherapy (n = 20) from those without local recurrence (n = 80 with or without radiotherapy). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area was 0.91, and 5,237 of 26,824 reporters had a P value of less than 0.001 (false discovery rate = 0.005). This gene expression profile provides substantially added value to conventional clinical markers (for example, age, histological grade, and tumor size) in predicting local recurrence despite radiotherapy. Within the ER- subgroup, a weaker, but still significant, signal was found (ROC area = 0.74). The ROC area for distinguishing patients who develop local recurrence from those who remain local recurrence-free in the absence of radiotherapy was 0.66 (combined ER+/ER-).ConclusionA highly distinct gene expression profile for patients developing local recurrence after breast-conservation surgery despite radiotherapy has been identified. If verified in further studies, this profile might be a most important tool in the decision making for surgery and adjuvant therapy.
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| 3. |
- Charas, Philippe, et al.
(author)
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A Philosophy of Public Service - Architectural Principles for Digital Democracy
- 2007
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In: International Journal of Public Information Systems. - Sundsvall : Mittuniversitetet. - 1653-4360. ; 3:2, s. 89-99
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper sets down architectural principles as seen from the perspective of a Public Service being part of a constitutional framework and aims at defining Public Service from the viewpoint of IT Architecture. The key features are the concepts of Policy and Policy Enforcement, which are integral parts of the Architecture while also introducing a hitherto missing component, namely the Legal Dimension.
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| 5. |
- Elmroth, Erik, 1964-, et al.
(author)
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Designing general, composable, and middleware-independent Grid infrastructure tools for multi-tiered job management
- 2007
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In: Towards Next Generation Grids. - : Springer-Verlag. - 9780387724973 ; , s. 175-184
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We propose a multi-tiered architecture for middleware-independent Grid job management. The architecture consists of a number of services for well-defined tasks in the job management process, offering complete user-level isolation of servicecapabilities, multiple layers of abstraction, control, and fault tolerance. The middleware abstraction layer comprises components for targeted job submission, job control and resource discovery. The brokered job submission layer offers a Grid view on resources, including functionality for resource brokering and submission of jobs to selected resources. The reliable job submission layer includes components for fault tolerant execution of individual jobs and groups of independentjobs, respectively. The architecture is proposed as a composable set of tools rather than a monolithic solution, allowing users to select the individual components of interest. The prototype presented is implemented using the Globus Toolkit 4, integrated with the Globus Toolkit 4 and NorduGrid/ARC middlewares and based on existing and emerging Grid standards. A performance evaluation reveals that the overhead for resource discovery, brokering, middleware-specific format conversions, job monitoring, fault tolerance, and management of individual and groups of jobs is sufficiently small to motivate the use of the framework.
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| 6. |
- Elmroth, Erik, 1964-, et al.
(author)
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Designing service-based resource management tools for a healthy grid ecosystem
- 2008
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In: Parallel processing and applied mathematics. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag. ; , s. 259-270
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present an approach for development of Grid resource management tools, where we put into practice internationally established high-level views of future Grid architectures. The approach addresses fundamental Grid challenges and strives towards a future vision of the Grid where capabilities are made available as independent and dynamically assembled utilities, enabling run-time changes in the structure, behavior, and location of software. The presentation is made in terms of design heuristics, design patterns, and quality attributes, and is centered around the key concepts of co-existence, composability, adoptability, adaptability, changeability, and interoperability. The practical realization of the approach is illustrated by five case studies (recently developed Grid tools) high-lighting the most distinct aspects of these key concepts for each tool. The approach contributes to a healthy Grid ecosystem that promotes a natural selection of “surviving” components through competition, innovation, evolution, and diversity. In conclusion, this environment facilitates the use and composition of components on a per-component basis.
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| 8. |
- Elmroth, Erik, 1964-, et al.
(author)
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Dynamic and transparent service compositions techniques for service-oriented grid architectures
- 2008
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In: Integrated research in Grid computing. - : Crete University Press. ; , s. 323-334
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With the introduction of the Service-Oriented Architecture design paradigm, service composition has become a central methodology for developing Grid software. We present an approach to Grid software development consisting of architectural design patterns for service de-composition and service re-composition. The patterns presented can each be used individually, but provide synergistic effects when combined as described in a unified framework. Software design patterns are employed to provide structure in design for service-based software development. Service APIs and immutable data wrappers are used to simplify service client development and isolate service clients from details of underlying service engine architectures. The use of local call structures greatly reduces inter-service communication overhead for co-located services, and service API factories are used to make local calls transparent to service client developers. Light-weight and dynamically replaceable plug-ins provide structure for decision support and integration points. A dynamic configuration scheme provides coordination of service efforts and synchronization of service interactions in a user-centric manner. When using local calls and dynamic configuration for creating networks of cooperating services, the need for generic service monitoring solutions becomes apparent and is addressed by service monitoring interfaces. We present these techniques along with their intended use in the context of software development for service-oriented Grid architectures.
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