| 1. |
- Adolfsson, Rolf
(författare)
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A review of Swedish crop residue statistics used in the greenhouse gas inventory
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Factors for recalculating primary crops into the nitrogen content of crop residues for different arable crops are compiled and summarised here. The data is included in the calculation of nitrous oxide from the turnover in crop residues and was used in the inventory of greenhouse gases in the 2006 Submission. The data is compared to data for both Denmark and Finland. In addition, sources of uncertainty are discussed. The suggested revision decreases the estimated emissions from crop residues by 18 % in 2003. The emissions from crop residues correspond to 6 % of the N2O emissions from agriculture in this year.
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| 2. |
- Adolfsson,, Rolf
(författare)
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A review of Swedish crop residue statistics used in the greenhouse gas inventory
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) calculation model for nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agricultural land includes emissions from the nitrogen turnover in crop residues. The nitrogen content of crop residues is calculated using primary crop statistics in combination with recalculation factors, that is, the ratios of crop residue/primary crop and the nitrogen content in crop residues. In addition, information on removed crop residues is used to subtract that part of the crop residues that is not turned over on agricultural land.A comparison between data used in different countries reveals great differences.1 Variations in climate, soil fertility and production methods across different countries partly explain some of the differences. Nevertheless, it is likely that these differences also depend on different definitions as well as on variations in the trial data. A more systematic comparison of the recalculations for different countries requires well-documented sources of information
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| 3. |
- Angst, Jules, et al.
(författare)
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The HCL-32 : towards a self-assessment tool for hypomanic symptoms in outpatients
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 88:2, s. 217-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Bipolar disorders (BP) are frequently diagnosed and treated as pure depression initially; accurate diagnosis often being delayed by 8 to 10 years. In prospective studies, the presence of hypomanic symptoms in adolescence is strongly predictive of later bipolar disorders. As such, an instrument for self-assessment of hypomanic symptoms might increase the detection of suspected and of manifest, but under-treated, cases of bipolar disorders.Methods: The multi-lingual hypomania checklist (HCL-32) has been developed and is being tested internationally. This preliminary paper reports the performance of the scale in distinguishing individuals with BP (N=266) from those with major depressive disorder (MDD; N= 160). The samples were adult psychiatry patients recruited in Italy (N= 186) and Sweden (N=240).Results: The samples reported similar clinical profiles and the structure for the HCL-32 demonstrated two main factors identified as "active/elated" hypomania and "risk-taking/irritable" hypomania. The HCL-32 distinguished between BP and MDD with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 51%.Limitations: Although the HCL-32 is a sensitive instrument for hypomanic symptoms, it does not distinguish between BP-1 and BP-11 disorders.Conclusions: Future studies should test if different combinations of items. possibly recording the consequences of hypomania, can distinguish between these BP subtypes.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- de Frias, Cindy M., et al.
(författare)
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Catechol O-Methyltransferase Val¹-sup-5-sup-8 Met Polymorphism is Associated with Cognitive Performance in Nondemented Adults.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. - : MIT Press - Journals. - 0898-929X .- 1530-8898. ; 17:7, s. 1018-1025
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene is essential in the metabolic degradation of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex. In the present study, we examined the effect of a Val¹-sup-5-sup-8Met polymorphism in the COMT gene on individual differences and changes in cognition (executive functions and visuospatial ability) in adulthood and old age. The participants were 292 nondemented men (initially aged 35-85 years) from a random sample of the population (i.e., the Betula study) tested at two occasions with a 5-year interval. Confirmatory factor analyses were used to test the underlying structure of three indicators of executive functions (verbal fluency, working memory, and Tower of Hanoi). Associations between COMT, age, executive functioning, and visuospatial (block design) tasks were examined using repeated-measures analyses of variance. Carriers of the Val allele (with higher enzyme activity) compared with carriers of the Met/Met genotype (with low enzyme activity) performed worse on executive functioning and visuospatial tasks. Individuals with the /Val genotype declined in executive functioning over the 5-year period, whereas carriers of the Met allele remained stable in performance. An Age × COMT interaction for visuospatial ability located the effect for middle-aged men only. This COMT polymorphism is a plausible candidate gene for executive functioning and fluid intelligence in nondemented middle-aged and older adults.
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| 6. |
- de Frias, Cindy M, et al.
(författare)
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Catechol O-methyltransferase Val158Met polymorphism is associated with cognitive performance in nondemented adults.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of cognitive neuroscience. - Cambridge : MIT Press - Journals. - 0898-929X .- 1530-8898. ; 17:7, s. 1018-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene is essential in the metabolic degradation of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex. In the present study, we examined the effect of a Val158Met polymorphism in the COMT gene on individual differences and changes in cognition (executive functions and visuospatial ability) in adulthood and old age. The participants were 292 nondemented men (initially aged 35-85 years) from a random sample of the population (i.e., the Betula study) tested at two occasions with a 5-year interval. Confirmatory factor analyses were used to test the underlying structure of three indicators of executive functions (verbal fluency, working memory, and Tower of Hanoi). Associations between COMT, age, executive functioning, and visuospatial (block design) tasks were examined using repeated-measures analyses of variance. Carriers of the Val allele (with higher enzyme activity) compared with carriers of the Met/Met genotype (with low enzyme activity) performed worse on executive functioning and visuospatial tasks. Individuals with the Val/Val genotype declined in executive functioning over the 5-year period, whereas carriers of the Met allele remained stable in performance. An Age x COMT interaction for visuospatial ability located the effect for middle-aged men only. This COMT polymorphism is a plausible candidate gene for executive functioning and fluid intelligence in nondemented middle-aged and older adults.
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| 7. |
- Ekholm, Birgit, 1956-
(författare)
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Diagnostic Evaluation of Schizophrenia for Genetic Studies
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Schizophrenia is one of the most severe mental disorders. Heredity is accepted as a major causative factor. To find molecular mechanisms behind schizophrenia, patient materials with reliable and valid diagnoses must be identified. In order to compare schizophrenia diagnostic procedures for reliability, validity and suitability for genetic studies by evaluation of record information, interview and register diagnostic data and to examine patient materials for linkage or association with molecular genetic markers three patient materials were recruited: sporadic cases, a large pedigree and sib-pairs. Schizophrenia diagnoses based on patient records only, showed good to excellent agreement with diagnoses based on both records and interviews. Register diagnoses generally displayed poor agreement with research diagnoses, but in 94% of patients sometimes registered as schizophrenic psychoses a research diagnosis of these disorders was certified. In the pedigree, analysis suggested linkage to chr 6p23 in a single branch of the pedigree, and a genome scan indicated linkage to the 6q25 region. A genome scan analysis of the sib-pair material was suggestive of linkage to chr 10q25.3-q26.3. In the case-control sample and a meta-analysis there was an association between a dopamine D2 receptor polymorphism (Ser311Cys), on chr 11q22-23, and the disorder. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene variants (chr 11p13) were also analysed without any robust significant findings. For patients in long-term treatment for schizophrenia in Sweden, psychiatric record reviews should be valid, reliable and sufficient for assessment of lifetime research diagnosis. Swedish register diagnosis of schizophrenic psychoses has a high positive predictive power in relation to corresponding research diagnoses. For future Swedish studies focusing on a broad definition of schizophrenia, it is sufficient to rely on the register diagnoses of schizophrenic psychosis. There is no major vulnerability gene or locus that is common to the majority of patients with schizophrenia, indicating genetic heterogeneity.
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| 8. |
- Ekholm, Birgit, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of diagnostic procedures in Swedish patients with schizophrenia and related psychoses
- 2005
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 59:6, s. 457-464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We aimed to estimate the value of structured interviews, medical records and Swedish register diagnoses for assessing lifetime diagnosis of patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatric records and diagnostic interviews of 143 Swedish patients diagnosed by their treating physician with schizophrenia and related disorders were scrutinized. Based on record analysis only, or a combined record and interview analysis, DSM-IV diagnoses were obtained by the OPCRIT algorithm. Independent of the OPCRIT algorithm, a standard research DSM-IV diagnosis, based on both record and interview analysis, was given by the research psychiatrist. Concordance rates for the different psychosis diagnoses were calculated. DSM-IV diagnoses based on records only, showed a good to excellent agreement with diagnoses based on records and interviews. Swedish register diagnoses displayed generally poor agreement with the research diagnoses. Nevertheless, 94% of subjects sometimes registered with a diagnosis of schizophrenic psychoses (i.e. schizophrenia, schizoaffective psychosis or schizophreniform disorder) displayed a standard research DSM-IV diagnosis of these disorders. For patients in long-term treatment for schizophrenia in Sweden, psychiatric record reviews should be optimal, cost effective and sufficient for assessment of lifetime research diagnoses of schizophrenia. For these patients a research interview adds little new information. The results further indicate that a Swedish register diagnosis of schizophrenic psychoses has a high positive predictive power to a standard research DSM-IV diagnosis of the disorders. It is concluded that for future Swedish large-scale genetic studies focusing on a broad definition of schizophrenia, it would be sufficient to rely on the Swedish register diagnoses of schizophrenic psychosis.
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| 9. |
- Lövdén, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Studying Individual Aging in an Interindividual Context : Typical Paths of Age-Related, Dementia-Related, and Mortality-Related Cognitive Development in Old Age
- 2005
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Ingår i: Psychology and Aging. - Washington : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0882-7974 .- 1939-1498. ; 20:2, s. 303-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study has 2 objectives: (a) to explore typical paths of cognitive development associated with aging, terminal decline, and dementia and (b) to promote and illustrate an individual-oriented approach to the study of cognitive aging based on longitudinal panel data from a population-based sample (N = 500; age range-sub(T1)= 60-80, where T refers to time) tested at 3 occasions 5 years apart. Results document interindividual differences in multivariate patterns of change. Although cognitive changes generally covary, the present study indicates that subgroups of individuals develop along different paths characterized by selective changes in subsets of cognitive functions. Typical progression of dementia followed a developmental cascade from low declarative memory, via low functioning across all observed cognitive measures, to dementia diagnosis, and finally, death.
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| 10. |
- Rademakers, R, et al.
(författare)
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Association of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 and neuronal activators p35 and p39 complex in early-onset Alzheimer's disease.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Neurobiology of Aging. - New York : Elsevier BV. - 0197-4580 .- 1558-1497. ; 26:8, s. 1145-1151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Malfunctioning of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) through aberrant proteolytic cleavage of its neuronal activators p35 and p39 is involved in neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative brain diseases. By extensive genetic analysis of the genes encoding CDK5 (CDK5), p35 (CDK5R1) and p39 (CDK5R2), we excluded causal mutations in 70 familial early-onset AD patients. We performed an association study with five informative SNPs in CDK5 in two independent samples of early-onset AD patients and matched control individuals from The Netherlands and northern Sweden. Association was observed with g.149800G>C in intron 5 of CDK5, and a two times increased risk was observed in both patient samples for carriers of the C-allele. Our data are indicative for a role of the CDK5 molecular complex in the genetic etiology of early-onset AD, and suggest that a yet unknown functional variant in CDK5 or in a nearby gene might lead to increased susceptibility for early-onset AD.
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