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- Alvarsson, M, et al.
(author)
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Effects of insulin vs. glibenclamide in recently diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes: a 4-year follow-up
- 2008
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In: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. - : Wiley. - 1462-8902 .- 1463-1326. ; 10:5, s. 421-429
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: To compare effects of early insulin vs. glibenclamide treatment on beta-cell function, metabolic control and quality of life (QL) in recently diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Forty-nine patients with type 2 diabetes diagnosed 0-2 years before inclusion were randomized to two daily injections of premixed 30% soluble and 70% NPH insulin or glibenclamide at six diabetic clinics in Sweden. C-peptide-glucagon tests were performed yearly after 3 days of withdrawal of treatment. Results: Thirty-four patients completed 4 years of study. Daily dose of insulin was increased from 20.4 +/- 1.8 U at year 1 to 26.1 +/- 2.9 U at year 4 (p = 0.005). Glibenclamide dosage increased from 2.7 +/- 0.4 mg at year 1 to 4.5 +/- 0.8 mg at year 4 (p = 0.02). Weight increased more in insulin than in glibenclamide treated (+4.4 +/- 0.8 vs. +0.3 +/- 1.0 kg, p < 0.005). Following short-term withdrawal of treatment, the C-peptide responses to glucagon were significantly higher in the insulin vs. glibenclamide group at years 1 (p < 0.01) and 2 (p < 0.02). HbA1c improved identical during the first year but thereafter deteriorated in the glibenclamide group (p < 0.005 for difference at year 4). Ratios of proinsulin to insulin were higher during treatment in glibenclamide- vs. insulin-treated patients after year 2. QL after 4 years as measured by the MOS 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) form was not significantly altered. Conclusions: In a 4-year perspective, beta-cell function deteriorated in both groups. However, deterioration occurred faster in the glibenclamide group, indicating that alleviating demands on secretion by insulin treatment is beneficial.
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- Nilsson, M. E., et al.
(author)
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Loudness of fountain and road traffic sounds in a city park
- 2009
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In: 16th International Congress on Sound and Vibration 2009, ICSV 2009. - 9781615677368 ; , s. 1270-1276
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Auditory masking of unwanted sounds by wanted sounds has been suggested as an approach to soundscape improvement. Anecdotal evidence exists on successful applications, for instance use of fountain sounds for masking road traffic noise in urban parks. However, basic research on auditory masking of environmental sounds is lacking. Therefore, we conducted two listening experiments on auditory masking, using binaural recordings from a city park in Stockholm exposed to traffic noise from a main road and sound from a large fountain located in the centre of the park. In Experiment 1, 12 listeners assessed the loudness of road traffic noise and fountain sounds from recordings at various distances from road, with or without the fountain turned on. In Experiment 2, the same listeners assessed loudness of manipulated sound levels of singular or combined road traffic or fountain sounds. The results of Experiment 1 showed that the fountain sound reduced the loudness of road traffic noise close to the fountain, and that the fountain sound was equally loud or louder than the road traffic noise in a region 20-30 m around the fountain. This suggests that fountain sounds may add to the quality of city park soundscape by reducing the loudness of the (presumably unwanted) traffic noise. On the other hand, results from both experiments showed that road traffic noise was harder to mask than fountain sound. Furthermore, Experiment 2 showed that partial loudness of both sources was considerably less than expected from a model of energetic masking. This suggests that informational masking due to target-masker similarity may reduce the overall masking effect of environmental sounds.
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