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- Hao, X. J., et al.
(författare)
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Dendrimers as scaffolds for reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agents : A route to star-shaped block copolymers
- 2005
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Ingår i: Australian journal of chemistry (Print). - 0004-9425 .- 1445-0038. ; 58:6, s. 483-491
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Star-shaped block copolymers of styrene and n-butyl acrylate having three, six, and twelve pendent arms were successfully synthesized via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Dendritic cores ( based on 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane) of generation 0, 1, and 2 have been functionalized with 3-benzylsulfanylthiocarbonylsulfanylpropionic ester groups and have subsequently been employed to mediate the polymerization of styrene and n-butyl acrylate to generate macro-star-RAFT agents as starting materials for chain extension. The chain extension of the macro-star-RAFT agents with either styrene or n-butyl acrylate by bulk free radical polymerization at 60 degrees C gives narrowly distributed polymer (final polydispersities close to 1.2) increasing linearly in molecular weight with increasing monomer-to-polymer conversion. However, with an increasing number of arms (i.e., when going from three- to twelve-armed star polymers), the chain extension becomes significantly less efficient. The molecular weight of the generated block copolymers was assessed using H-1 NMR spectroscopy as well as size exclusion chromatography calibrated with linear polystyrene standards. The hydrodynamic radius, R-h, of the star block copolymers as well as the precursor star polymers was determined in tetrahydrofuran by dynamic light scattering (90 degrees) at 25 degrees C. Interestingly, the observed R-h-M-n relationships indicate a stronger dependence of R-h on M-n for poly(butyl acrylate) stars than for the corresponding styrene polymers. R-h increases significantly when the macro-star-RAFT agent is chain extended with either styrene or n-butyl acrylate.
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| 2. |
- Bentinger, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of various squalene epoxides on coenzyme Q and cholesterol synthesis
- 2014
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Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids. - : Elsevier BV. - 1388-1981 .- 1879-2618. ; 1841:7, s. 977-986
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 2,3-Oxidosqualene is an intermediate in cholesterol biosynthesis and 2,3:22,23-dioxidosqualene act as the substrate for an alternative pathway that produces 24(S),25-epoxycholesterol which effects cholesterol homeostasis. In light of our previous findings concerning the biological effects of certain epoxidated all-trans-polyisoprenes, the effects of squalene carrying epoxy moieties on the second and third isoprene residues were investigated here. In cultures of HepG2 cells both monoepoxides of squalene and one of their hydrolytic products inhibited cholesterol synthesis and stimulated the synthesis of coenzyme Q (CoQ). Upon prolonged treatment the cholesterol content of these cells and its labeling with [H-3]mevalonate were reduced, while the amount and labeling of CoQ increased. Injection of the squalene monoepoxides into mice once daily for 6 days elevated the level of CoQ in their blood, but did not change the cholesterol level. The same effects were observed upon treatment of apoE-deficient mice and diabetic GK-rats. This treatment increased the hepatic level of CoQ10 in mice, but the amount of CoQ9, which is the major form, was unaffected. The presence of the active compounds in the blood was supported by the finding that cholesterol synthesis in the white blood cells was inhibited. Since the ratio of CoQ9/CoQ10 varies depending on the experimental conditions, the cells were titrated with substrate and inhibitors, leading to the conclusion that the intracellular isopentenyl-PP pool is a regulator of this ratio. Our present findings indicate that oxidosqualenes may be useful for stimulating both the synthesis and level of CoQ both in vitro and in vivo.
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| 6. |
- Lim, Eric, et al.
(författare)
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Proceedings of the IASLC International Workshop on Advances in Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumors 2007
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Thoracic Oncology. - 1556-0864 .- 1556-1380. ; 3:10, s. 1194-1201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, (IASLC) International Congress on Advances in Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumors was a two-day meeting held at the Royal Brompton Hospital in London, United Kingdom on the thirteenth and forteenth of December 2007. The meeting was led by 14 member international faculty-in the disciplines of pathology, surgery, medicine, oncology, endocrinology, nuclear medicine, diagnostic imaging, and biostatistics. The aims were twofold, as an educational meeting, and to develop the IASLC International Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumors Registry. The meeting highlighted the difference in presentation of the tumors, management options for early and advanced stage disease including the use of novel agents and approaches. The need, process, and approach to an International Registry of Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumors were emphasized. International collaboration to develop a retrospective registry, prospective data collection, virtual tissue bank, and collaborative clinical trials were universally agreed as the best way to advance our understanding and treatment of these rare tumors.
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| 7. |
- Miles, Lee
(författare)
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Small States and the European Union : Reflections
- 2002
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Ingår i: Current Politics and Economics of Europe. - New York : Nove Science. - 1057-2309. ; 11:1, s. 91-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article critically reflects upon the suitability of small state literature as explanatory tools to aid the understanding of the role of small states in the European Union. Miles argues that academic attention to size aspects may be somewhat misplaced and more critical value should be paid to notions of intelligient and strategic leadership
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| 8. |
- Modzelewska, Dominika
(författare)
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Methodological considerations in epidemiological studies in perinatal medicine
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is based on two projects, each consisting of two papers. In these two projects we investigated factors affecting the variability in gestational duration, and associations between maternal diet and neonatal outcomes. In the first project we investigated factors affecting the variability in gestational duration with a particular interest in the genetic contributions. The contribution of genetic factors to trait’s variability is estimated by heritability analysis. For gestational duration, heritability estimates are up to 36%. However, genetic studies have identified a limited number of genetic variants. In the first project we aimed to assess whether an essential assumption underlying heritability analysis, constant environmental conditions, holds. In Paper I, we observed a substantial variability in the correlation estimate in gestational age at delivery between relatives with respect to their year of birth or age gap. This variability suggests the existence of temporally changing environmental factors. In Paper II, we showed that obstetrical practices and data handling contribute to changes in gestational duration over time. Two studies in this project suggest that the assumption of constant environmental conditions might not hold. This might explain the dissonance between the conclusions of heritability and genetic studies. The second project was an extension of previous studies performed in our research group. In these studies, we detected associations between maternal caffeine or selenium intakes and small for gestational age (SGA), and SGA and neonatal outcomes. Therefore, we hypothesized that the selected maternal food components and neonatal outcomes would be associated. In both studies (Papers III and IV), we did not detect associations between maternal caffeine or selenium intake and neonatal outcomes. The lack of associations may be the result of SGA babies having different neonatal outcomes based on the underlying SGA cause. One type of SGA might be related to maternal caffeine/selenium intake and not associated with neonatal outcomes; the other types might be caused by more aggressive factors leading to worse performance in the neonatal period. The results warrant caution when using SGA as a representation for neonatal outcomes.
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| 10. |
- Nilsson, Peter, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of production-dependent geometric properties on fatigue-relevant stresses in laser-welded corrugated core steel sandwich panels
- 2019
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Ingår i: Welding in the World. - : Springer Verlag. - 0043-2288 .- 1878-6669. ; 62:6, s. 1801-1818
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For bridge deck applications, laser-welded corrugated core steel sandwich panels with dual weld lines per crest and trough have been shown to be highly material- and economically efficient. The nature of welding induces a variation in the geometric properties of the joint that connects the core to the faces. The geometric properties of the joint are the weld width, weld misalignment, and plate gap between the core and the faces. This paper aims to investigate the impact of the variation of the production-dependent geometric properties of the joint on the fatigue-relevant stresses. A secondary aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of contact between the core and the faces on the weld region stresses. Within this paper, the production of four sandwich panels is documented and the manufacturing-dependent geometric properties of their joints are quantified. In order to investigate the impact of the natural variation of the parameters, a parametric study based on finite element analyses is executed. The result of the parametric study shows, among several other findings, that misalignment of the weld line in relation to the core direction can lead to considerable increases in stresses, determinant for the fatigue life of the panel.
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