| 1. |
- Andersson, Hans, et al.
(author)
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Kungahällaprojektet - en bakgrundsteckning
- 2002
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In: Kungahälla. Problem och forskning kring stadens äldsta historia. Skrifter utgivna av Bohusläns museum och Bohusläns hembygdsförbund nr 70, Lund Studies in Medieval Archaeology nr 28. - 0280-4174 .- 0283-6874. - 9176861376 - 9176861376 - 9122019316 - 9122019316 ; , s. 9-28
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Kungahälla was the southernmost town in medieval Norway. The site, now in Sweden, is about 2 kmwest of today's Kungälv. Kungahälla occupies a significant place in the oldest written sources, the Norse sagas, where we have a glimpse of the important role that the town played in early medieval Norwegian society. Opinions have been divided as to how far back this role can he taken, but there is no certain written information before the first half of the twelfth century. The written sources nevertheless tell us that royal influence over the town was considerable. Kungahälla is first mentioned as one of six civitates in Norway in 1130, by the English historian Ordericus Vitalis. Kungahalla was the site of the first monastery to be founded in Bohuslan, Kastellekioster, an Augustinian house in all probability founded in the 1160s under the auspices of Archbishop Eystein. In the latter half of the thirteenth century a Franciscan friary was also built, mentioned for the first time in 1272. An important structure is the fortress on Ragnhildsholmen in Nordre Älv, completed by 1257 At the end of the nineteenth century, Wilhelm Berg investigated the ruins of the RagnhiIdsholmen fortress and a few years later the Augustinian friary, as well as parts of the town. A small-scale investigation of the Augustinian friary also took place in 1942. In the 1950s there were excavations of the Franciscan friary, when parts of a churchyard withthe remains of a surrounding wall were documented. In addition, parts of yet another churchyard with its wall remains were investigated in 1958. There was no concerted picture of the archaeological history of the place until publication no. 29 of the Medieval Town Project. During the 1980s the possibility of conducting new archaeological investigations within the area ofthe old town arose once again. After trial digs in 1985, a programme was drawn up for a project, the main aim of which was to determine the character of Kungahälla in the period up to the thineenth-century expansion. It is reasonable to regard the investigations of Kungahälla as part of the broad range of urban investigations geared to the Early Middle Ages in Scandinavia. What makes the Kungahälla Project particularly interesting is, of course, the geographical location of the town, along with the problems associated with the concept of urbanization that the archaeological findings have clearly demonstrated.There are several circumstances in the early development which, in our opinion, make it very interesting to formulate a more ambiguous concept of urbanization than scholars have previously workedwith. Ordericus mentions a civitas in the mid-1130s, but what did it look like, and what functions did it have? Was it a town in whatever sense we mean by the concept of town? Or is it the case that urbanization can stand for a much broader process, or be a narrow part of a much broader process for which we should use some other term? In the book we present the results of the investigations, also including a couple of more analytical sections (chapters 9 and 10) which sum up the findings and try to put them in a broader context, while also providing a point of departure for continued discussion.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Hans, et al.
(author)
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Kungahällas urbanisering i ett västsvenskt perspektiv
- 2002
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In: Kungahälla. Problem och forskning kring stadens äldsta historia. Skrifter utgivna av Bohusläns museum och Bohusläns hembygdsförbund nr 70, Lund Studies in Medieval Archaeology nr 28. - 0283-6874 .- 0280-4174. - 9122019316 - 9176861376 - 9176861376 - 9122019316 ; , s. 187-199
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Ingvar B., et al.
(author)
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Återförsurning av sjöar : Observerade och förväntade biologiska och kemiska effekter
- 2002
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Denna rapport är en översiktlig genomgång av de idag tillgängliga, delvis publicerade, experimentella erfarenheterna av kemiska och biologiska effekter vid återförsurning i ytvatten där kalkning avbrutits. Sammanställningen har genomförts i avsikt att bredda kunskapsunderlaget för diskussioner om tänkbara effekter i samband med att kalkningen upphör i vissa ytvatten. Som bakgrundsdokument är dessutom en litteraturöversikt bifogad, vilken även inkluderar övrig litteratur rörande försurning - kalkning som kan anses ha en viss allmän relevans för kunskapsläget avseende återförsurning av kalkade vatten (se Appendix). Resultatet från hittills genomförda fältstudier av återförsurning, endast tre stycken av någon större omfattning i Sverige, visade att stora förändringar inträdde snabbt. Utvecklingen gick mot förhållanden liknande de i det sura tillståndet, med både negativ utveckling av ekosystemet och en påtaglig haltökning av aluminium m.fl. metaller i vattnet. Experimentell försurning av vattnet över sedimentproppar visade att tidigare deponerade metaller kan lösas ut från sedimenten. De hittills genomförda återförsurningsstudierna utfördes mestadels i gravt försurningsskadade sjöar, i ett fall också efter relativt kortvarig kalkning, och kan därför vara ett otillräckligt underlag för att kunna generalisera de effekter som kan uppstå vid återförsurning av kalkade sjöar. Många av de observerade biologiska förändringarna sammanfaller med vad som generellt observerats i samband med försurning av sjöar men vissa biologiska förändringar var dock avvikande och i några fall av delvis oväntad natur. Omfattningen och hastigheten i de senare fallen indikerade att de aktuella organismsamhällena saknade vissa reglerande mekanismer (interaktioner) och därför genomgick en utveckling präglad av instabilitet under återförsurningen. Det sura svavelnedfallet har minskat med ca. 60 % sedan 70-talet vilket medfört en proportionell återhämtning av vattenkemi och även biota i vissa ytvatten inom regioner som haft kortvarigt eller litet överskridande av den kritiska försurningsbelastningen (ringa markförsurning). Däremot har den minskade belastningen på ytvattnen hittills resulterat i små positiva förändringar inom de mest försurade områdena i södra Sverige. Trots en halvering av sulfathalt och surhet i många sjöar och vattendrag, har få biologiska förändringar observerats, då pH värden <5 och toxiska aluminiumhalter fortfarande medför negativa effekter på de flesta känsliga organismer. Modellsimuleringar har visat att återhämtningen inom sådana områden kommer att ta mycket lång tid (10- tals till kanske 100 år) eftersom försurningen av marken varit omfattande. Inom dessa områden, med en låg kritisk belastningsgräns, krävs ytterligare reduktion av belastningen samt i vissa fall t.o.m. kompletterande åtgärder som markkalkning. Även depositionen av flera tungmetaller har minskat kraftigt under de senaste decennierna, särskilt den långdistanstransporterade andelen, men hur stora förändringar detta medfört på ytvattnens innehåll av tungmetaller är i dagsläget osäkert, eftersom längre tidsserier från skogssjöar saknas inom miljöövervakningen.Av de kalkade sjöarna i Sverige, ca. 7500 st, beräknas mer än 1700 sjöar kunna få pHvärden under 5,4 och förlora alkaliniteten om kalkningar upphör i nuläget. De flesta sjöarna som kan komma att återförsuras till pH-värden under 5,4 är belägna inom de områden i sydvästra Sverige som är mest försurningsskadade. Stoppad kalkning i dessa sjöar skulle medföra långtgående återförsurning inom en tidsrymd av ca. 2 - 3 gånger den teoretiska omsättningstiden, för många sjöar motsvarande 3 till 9 år. Sannolikt skulle många av de effekter som observerats i de här genomgångna återförsurningsstudierna uppstå. Även sjöar som skulle återförsuras till pH-värden mellan 5,4 och 6,0 kan riskera att få skador på populationer av känsligare arter. Drygt 4000 sjöar skulle få pH-värden under 6,0 vid en stoppad kalkning. I sjöar med från början måttlig försurning kan en återförsurning förväntas resultera i tämligen marginella eller inga effekter med hänsyn till minskad försurningsbelastning och ringa markförsurning. Denna grupp omfattar en del av de ca. 3500 sjöar som åtminstone på längre sikt inte skulle riskera att få pH-värden <6,0 vid en stoppad kalkning. I de flesta sådana fall skulle endast de allra känsligaste arternas populationer riskera att påverkas. Surstötar, d.v.s. episodisk tillförsel av markant surare vatten i samband med kraftiga regn, snösmältning eller efter längre torrperioder, utgjorde i försurningens inledningsskede en viktig faktor för uppkomsten av biologiska skador eftersom särskilt höga halter av toxiskt oorganiskt aluminium förekom i samband med sådana situationer. Sannolikt kan surstötarna utgöra ett betydande problem även under återhämtningsfasen, då risk föreligger för fortsatta utflödena av höga aluminiumhalter i många sjöar och framförallt vattendrag inom de områden där markförsurningen kvarstår länge varvid en positiv biologisk utveckling kommer att motverkas. Problem kan även fortsättningsvis uppträda inom vissa nordligare lågbelastade regioner där främst hydrologiska faktorer samt kraftiga utflöden av organiska syror bidrar till uppkomsten av surstötar med inflöden av förhöjda halter av aluminium. Högre halter av komplexbildande organiska anjoner kan dock i sådana fall bidra till en lägre toxisk effekt. I denna rapport föreslås en översyn av kalkningsverksamheten, liksom rekommendationer av urvalskriterier för olika ytvatten om det blir aktuellt med åtgärder som medför en minskad kalkning. Slutligen föreslås forskningsinsatser för att belysa en del av de oklarheter som för närvarande råder om effekterna i samband med återförsurning.
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| 4. |
- Lindberg, Marie K, 1975, et al.
(author)
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Estrogen receptor specificity for the effects of estrogen in ovariectomized mice.
- 2002
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In: The Journal of endocrinology. - : Bioscientifica. - 0022-0795 .- 1479-6805. ; 174:2, s. 167-78
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Estrogen exerts a variety of important physiological effects, which have been suggested to be mediated via the two known estrogen receptors (ERs), alpha and beta. Three-month-old ovariectomized mice, lacking one or both of the two estrogen receptors, were given estrogen subcutaneously (2.3 micro g/mouse per day) and the effects on different estrogen-responsive parameters, including skeletal effects, were studied. We found that estrogen increased the cortical bone dimensions in both wild-type (WT) and double ER knockout (DERKO) mice. DNA microarray analysis was performed to characterize this effect on cortical bone and it identified four genes that were regulated by estrogen in both WT and DERKO mice. The effect of estrogen on cortical bone in DERKO mice might either be due to remaining ERalpha activity or represent an ERalpha/ERbeta-independent effect. Other effects of estrogen, such as increased trabecular bone mineral density, thymic atrophy, fat reduction and increased uterine weight, were mainly ERalpha mediated.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Anders S, et al.
(author)
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Vitamin supplementation normalizes total plasma homocysteine concentration but not plasma homocysteine redox status in patients with acute coronary syndromes and hyperhomocysteinemia.
- 2002
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In: Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. - 1434-6621. ; 40:6, s. 554-558
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Despite the growing evidence that elevated total homocysteine (tHcy) in plasma is a cardiovascular risk factor, the mechanism underlying the vascular injury is still unknown. Studies are difficult due to the fact that little is known about the formation of different homocysteine species in vivo. In the present study we have investigated the different fractions of tHcy in 21 patients with acute coronary syndromes and elevated concentration of plasma tHcy. A subgroup of the patients (n=16) was investigated before and after a 3 months study period with or without vitamin supplementation (folic acid 5 mg, pyridoxine 40 mg and cyanocobalamin 1 mg once daily). A major finding is that these patients had a lowered ratio (0.95%) between the concentration of reduced homocysteine (HcyH) and tHcy compared to controls (1.38%). A low ratio HcyH/tHcy in plasma in combination with elevated plasma tHcy concentrations might reflect increased oxidative activity or decreased reducing capacity in plasma from the patients. Another main finding in the present study is that, although vitamin supplementation of these patients normalized plasma tHcy, the ratio between HcyH and tHcy did not normalize. Since substantial evidence indicates that progression of arteriosclerosis is related to enhanced oxidant activity, the premature vascular disease associated with increased plasma tHcy concentration might be due to increased oxidative activity and the elevated plasma tHcy concentration may only reflect the increased oxidative stress.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Fred, et al.
(author)
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Skriftens Teknologi som visuellt tema – Ett historiskt perspektiv
- 2002
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In: Perspektiv på samtiden, samtida perspektiv: Forskning om det sena 1900-talets och det nya millenniets konst och visuella kultur.
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- To talk about Writing Technology instead of just Writing is tantamount to turning one's attention towards the material circumstances of Writing and Printing - the materiality of the textual Signifier. Defined very broadly, technology is everything that is an extension of the human body. In this sense, Writing Technology is the technology that makes it possible to make external representations of Thinking and Speech, these representations being Extensions outside of the body in which the thinking and speaking takes place. To talk about different kinds of writing technology is to talk about different degrees of separation between Body and Writing, and between Word and Image. According to Marshall McLuhan, this separation culminates in the Gutenberg technology of printing and the appearance of a totally new human type - the Typographical Man. Using, in a characteristically selective manner, the scientific findings and speculations of others, McLuhan states that the age of typography is an age in which Sight dominates over the other senses. However often regarded as one of the forerunners of postmodernism, McLuhan is a highly ambiguous writer. Texts like The Gutenberg Galaxy may as well count as typical examples of modernist art theory. From a McLuhanesque point of view, the idea of audio-visual unity in both Italian and Russian futurism may represent the final perversion and alienation of writing technology and textual culture - a stage in which not only letters but also sounds are regarded as visual, material objects in space. Like Walther J Ong, one may ask whether visual or concrete poetry could even exist without the dominance of sight.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Hans, et al.
(author)
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Centre-Periphery, World Systems, and Medieval Archaeology
- 2002
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In: Centre-Region-Periphery- Medieval Europe 2002 Basel. Preprinted papers. Volume 1: Keynote-Lectures to the Conference. - 3930327082 ; , s. 23-34
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I have briefly outlined different levels of scale in the discussion of centre–periphery, from a local to a more global perspective. I have tried to show that the concepts of centre and periphery cannot be applied without qualification. Different realities are concealed behind them. The common factor is nevertheless that they signal some kind of contacts, in the form of giving and taking, of power, of stakeholders, of dependencies, and of communications. When employed in the right way, they give us a very useful analytical instrument, which says something important about the reality. What can the medieval archaeologist do in all this? This research field has primarily been a battlefield for historians, social scientists, and to some extent prehistoric archaeologists. With my example of urbanization I have tried to show that there is an area when medieval archaeological evidence plays an important role today. The urban archaeological material has created a much better foundation for further discussion of urbanization in many respects. It is possible, for example, to trace at least nearby contacts in the archaeological record, but we have also found material which came from far afield, and which has been studied too little. Swedish research shows clearly how our knowledge of easterly contacts has expanded in recent years, particularly as a result of studies of pottery, but also of other material. Contacts with Byzantium are becoming more visible This is not a new way for archaeologists to work. The important thing is that, proceeding from the potential that a centre–periphery perspective can give, we can formulate the questions somewhat differently and thus reach an understanding of how the contacts took place and the character they had, and how receivers and senders were affected by the contacts, and even the degree of mutual dependence between them. It is essential to study the foreign material in context through comparative studies of different forms of social structure: towns, villages, castles, etc. We must do this so that we do not just look at a single category; instead we should try to see common features in these different structures in society. This is a large task, too large for one individual, but appropriate for joint projects. A close-up study of, say, the form and function of urbanization in a number of areas, both inside and outside Europe, could give us a better basis for a discussion of centre–periphery relations at different levels and in different settings. But we must never forget the whole, and the inspiration for our own thinking that comparison entails. How can I sum up what I have been trying to say? – medieval archaeology must break out of its national boundaries and work across them much more; – important questions here concern dependencies, contacts, communications over areas of varying size; – centre–periphery analyses, used with consideration for nuances, can be a good tool; – we medieval archaeologists must also get involved in the really big discussions about these contacts and dependencies over long distances; in other words, we must relate to world system theories; – finally, we should contemplate a European project about, for example, urbanization covering large areas, including comparisons of driving forces, organization, composition, topography, and chronology, and focusing on questions of centre and periphery.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Hans
(author)
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Har USA-kongressen abdikerat?
- 2002
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In: Internationella Studier. - 0020-952X. ; :1, s. 7-13
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Hans
(author)
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Hur gemensam är EU:s ’gemensamma’ flyktingpolitik?
- 2002
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In: Forskning om Europafrågor vid Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Göteborgs universitet. - Göteborg : Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Göteborgs universitet. - 9189608038
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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