| 1. |
- Billari, Francesco, et al.
(författare)
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Approaching the limit : Long-term trends in late and very late fertility
- 2007
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Ingår i: Population and Development Review. ; 33:1, s. 149-170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article we discuss trends in the limits to late childbearing, their determinants and potential implications from an empirical long-term perspective. Although the high levels observed in non-contracepting populations have not been reached, fertility in Europe at ages 40+ and 45+ has increased substantially in recent years. This trend received considerable attention, especially in combination with the emergence of new reproductive technologies and often low levels of general fertility. Nevertheless, physiological studies agree on the fact that age limits to childbearing, at least for women, have not shifted to later ages. Our empirical analyses of high-quality long-term data from Sweden document an increase in the absolute and relative number of births at ages 40+ and 45+, together with an increase in first birth occurrence-exposure rates at ages close to 40.
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| 2. |
- Fuxelius, Hans-Henrik, 1968-
(författare)
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Methods and Applications in Comparative Bacterial Genomics
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Comparative studies of bacterial genomes, now counting in the hundreds, generate massive amounts of information. In order to support a systematic and efficient approach to genomic analyses, a database driven system with graphic visualization of genomic properties was developed - GenComp. The software was applied to studies of obligate intracellular bacteria. In all studies, ORFs were extracted and grouped into ORF-families. Based on gene order synteny, orthologous clusters of core genes and variable spacer ORFs were identified and extracted for alignments and computation of substitution frequencies. The software was applied to the genomes of six Chlamydia trachomatis strains to identify the most rapidly evolving genes. Five genes were chosen for genotyping, and close to a 3-fold higher discrimination capacity was achieved than that of serotypes. With GenComp as the backbone, a massive comparative analysis were performed on the variable gene set in the Rickettsiaceae, which includes Rickettsia prowazekii and Orientia tsutsugamushi, the agents of epidemic and scrub typhus, respectively. O. tsutsugamushi has the most exceptional bacterial genome identified to date; the 2.2 Mb genome is 200-fold more repeated than the 1.1 Mb R. prowazekii genome due to an extensive proliferation of conjugative type IV secretion systems and associated genes. GenComp identified 688 core genes that are conserved across 7 closely related Rickettsia genomes along with a set of 469 variably present genes with homologs in other species. The analysis indicates that up to 70% of the extensively degraded and variably present genes represent mobile genetic elements and genes putatively acquired by horizontal gene transfer. This explains the paradox of the high pseudogene load in the small Rickettsia genomes. This study demonstrates that GenComp provides an efficient system for pseudogene identification and may help distinguish genes from spurious ORFs in the many pan-genome sequencing projects going on worldwide.
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| 3. |
- Ahrné, Lilia, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of crust temperature and water content on acrylamide formation during baking of white bread : Steam and falling temperature baking
- 2007
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Ingår i: Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft + Technologie. - : Elsevier BV. - 0023-6438 .- 1096-1127. ; 40:10, s. 1708-1715
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of crust temperature and water content on acrylamide formation was studied during the baking of white bread. To assess the effect of over-baking, we used a full factorial experimental design in which the baking time was increased by 5 and 10 min at each baking temperature. Additional experiments were performed with steam baking and falling temperature baking. Immediately after baking, the crust was divided into the outer and inner crust fractions, and the water content and acrylamide concentration of each fraction was measured. The outer crust had a significantly lower water content and higher acrylamide concentration than the inner crust did. Crust temperature in combination with water content had a significant effect on acrylamide formation, higher temperatures resulting in higher acrylamide concentrations. However, at very high temperatures and lower water contents, acrylamide concentration was observed to decrease, though the bread colour was then unacceptable for consumption. Steam and falling temperature baking, on the other hand, decreased the acrylamide content while producing bread crust with an acceptable colour. The lowest acrylamide values and an acceptable crust colour were produced by steam baking. © 2007 Swiss Society of Food Science and Technology.
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| 4. |
- Albrecht, Knut, et al.
(författare)
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Immunohistochemical distribution of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) isoenzymes in the human vagina: : A potential forensic value?
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of forensic and legal medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1752-928X. ; 14:5, s. 270-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives Phosphodiesterase (PDE) isoenzymes are key proteins involved in the maintenance of the normal function of various tissues of the human body including those of the male and female urogenital tract. More recently, PDEs and their main substrates, cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP, have also been assumed to play a crucial role in the control of the human vagina. In order to elucidate the potential significance of phosphodiesterases as marker proteins in female genital organs, it was the aim of the present study to evaluate by means of immunohistochemistry the distribution of cGMP- and cAMP-PDE isoenzymes in specimens of the human vagina. Methods Conventional immunohistochemical techniques (double antibody technique, laser fluorescence microscopy) were applied to sections of the human vaginal wall in order to evaluate the presence of the PDE isoenzymes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10. Results Immunoreactivities (IR) specific for PDE1 (cAMP/cGMP-PDE, Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent), PDE2 (cAMP-PDE, cGMP-dependent) and PDE5 (cGMP-PDE) were exclusively registered in the smooth musculature of vaginal arterial vessels, whereas no signals were detected in non-vascular tissue. IR indicating the expression of the cAMP-degrading PDE4 was mainly observed in the vaginal epithelium. Vaginal epithelial cells also presented immunosignals specific for PDE3 (cAMP-PDE, inhibited by cGMP) and PDE10 (dual substrate PDE), nevertheless, these stainings were less abundant than those related to the PDE4. IR for PDE10 was also registered in inflammatory cells located in the subepithelial region of the vaginal wall. Conclusion Our study revealed the presence of IR specific for PDE1, PDE2, PDE4, PDE5 and PDE10 in sections of the human vagina and demonstrated that these enzymes are not evenly distributed in the tissue. Especially, the prominent expression of the cyclic AMP-PDE4A in the vaginal epithelium may give hint to a potential significance of this isoenzyme as a forensic marker protein. The findings give a rationale to investigate further as to whether the immunohistochemical detection of PDE4 may represent a new forensic tool in order to identify human vaginal epithelial cells.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Gunvor, et al.
(författare)
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Barn utan hem: olika perspektiv
- 2007
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hur kan man förklara att det finns familjer som befinner sig i välfärdens utkant? Vad vet vi egentligen om de barn och familjer som lever mitt ibland oss, men utan tillgång till ett tryggt boende? Hur upplever de drabbade barnen situationen? Barn utan hem belyser frågan om barn och familjer i hemlöshet ur olika perspektiv. Författarna lyfter fram de grupper som ställts utanför såväl arbetsmarknaden som socialförsäkringssystemet och den reguljära bostadsmarknaden. Fokus ligger på de drabbade barnens och deras familjers liv i utanförskap. Barnens situation belyses i ett helhetsperspektiv som inkluderar såväl aktörer som strukturer. Boken vänder sig till universitets- och högskolestuderande inom socionom- och lärarutbildningarna och andra utbildningar inom de sociala och pedagogiska fälten samt till yrkesverksamma som kommer i kontakt med barn och familjer i svåra livssituationer.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Gunvor, et al.
(författare)
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Hemlösa barn
- 2007
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Ingår i: Socionomen. - 0283-1929. ; :7, s. 46-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Gabriella, et al.
(författare)
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Structure of Fe-Co/Pt(001) superlattices : a realization of tetragonal Fe-Co alloys
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 19:1, s. 016008-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The structural properties of a tetragonally distorted Fe1-xCox alloy, in the form of Fe1-xCox/Pt(001) superlattices with x = 0.64, have been investigated experimentally. The study follows recent theoretical predictions on the enhanced uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy of such alloys with specific combinations of chemical composition and tetragonal distortion. The ratio between out-of-plane and in-plane lattice parameters in the Fe0.36Co0.64 layers, c/a, was found to vary between 1.18 and 1.31, depending on the thickness ratio between the alloy and the spacer. This covered the range of interest c/a = 1.20-1.25 in the previous calculations and should be compared to c/a = 1 in the original bcc alloy lattice. Simulations of x-ray diffraction patterns as well as density functional calculations support the derivation of the Fe0.36Co0.64 lattice parameters.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Henrik
(författare)
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Development of Process Technology for Photon Radiation Measurement Applications
- 2007
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis presents work related to new types of photo detectors and their applications. The focus has been on the development of process technology and methods by means of experimentation and measurements. The overall aim has been to develop and improve photon radiation measurement applications which are possible to manufacture using standard Si processing technology. A new type of position sensitive detector that has switching possibilities based on the MOS principle has been fabricated and characterized. The influence of mechanical stress on the linearity of position sensitive detectors has been investigated. The results show that mechanical stress arising, for example, by the mounting of detectors in capsules can have an impact on device performance. Under normal circumstances these effects are rather small, but are considered to be worthwhile taking into account. Electroless deposition of Nickel including various dopants in porous silicon was performed to manufacture electrical contacts for this interesting material. After heat treatment it was confirmed by X-ray diffraction that Nickel silicide had been formed and I-V measurements show that different contacts exhibit Ohmic and rectifying behaviour. Spectrometers are used extensively in the process and food industry to measure both the chemical content and the amount of substances used during manufacturing. These instruments are often rather bulky and costly, though the trend is towards smaller and more portable equipment. A spectrometer based on an array of Fabry-Perot interferometers mounted close to an array detector is shown to be a viable option for the manufacture of a very compact device. Such a device has minimal intermediate optics and it may be possible, in the future, for it to be developed and completely integrated with a detector array into a single unit.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Hans, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Individual Inventors in the R&D Factory
- 2007
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Ingår i: Creativity and Innovation Management. - 0963-1690 .- 1467-8691. ; 16:4, s. 437-446
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Reaction of pyridine N-oxides with Grignard reagents: a stereodefined synthesis of substituted dienal oximes
- 2007
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Ingår i: Tetrahedron Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-4039. ; 48, s. 6941-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rapid addition of Grignard reagents to pyridine N-oxides under mild conditions gave stereodefined dienal oximes in good to excellent yields. This reaction provides an efficient access to substituted olefins with defined stereochemistry that are potentially of interest as bioactives themselves or as versatile synthetic intermediates.
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