| 1. |
- Anderson, Maria, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Syns det inte finns det inte, eller? : En studie av hur emissioner från sjöfart hanteras i miljökonsekvensbeskrivningar
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Environmental Impact Assessment, EIA, is a method used all over the world to describe different activities and enterprises impact on environment and human health. In this report EIA and emissions of air pollutants from shipping is studied. Emissions from shipping have an impact on the environment and human health on local, regional and global scale and can cause acidification of lakes, eutrophication of the seas and premature deaths among other things. The aim is to investigate and map how emissions from shipping is handle in environmental impact assessments that are made for activities and enterprises that involve shipping. The aim is also to describe the work and process around EIA. The EIA-process contains of several steps and results in a document that is examined by authorities. Different actors have the possibility to point out their view in the question during the whole process. Emissions from shipping and how they are handled in EIAs varies which mainly depends on that the emissions are an indirect effect. In most cases results from the calculations of emissions are presented and connected to emissions from other sources and environmental legislation. Some EIA present emission factors mainly for sulfur dioxide which is connected to the sulphur content of the fuel. In the reports or attachments to the EIA you can find references to where the emission factors are found and the methodology for performed calculations of the emissions. The work with EIA and emissions from ships needs to develop further and guidelines for how to handle the emissions, where to find data and methodology can be created. Students and civil servants can be educated further in EIA and in courses that give a more interdisciplinary view to nature resource management and EIA.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Karin, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental trade-offs in nitrogen oxide removal from ship engine emissions
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment. - 2041-3084 .- 1475-0902. ; 225:1, s. 33-42
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from ship engines constitute an increasing part of the total global emissions of NOx while the share from land-based sources is decreasing. In the coming years, new regulations will set limits to emissions in specific areas and various technical countermeasures will be developed and implemented. However, when taking technical measures against emissions on a local scale, there is always a risk of inducing an increase in the total environmental impact related to the technology used, owing to increased energy use and emissions in other places.In the present study, an investigation of the difference in environmental impact from passenger transport vessels with and without catalytic NOx emission purification was performed in a life cycle assessment. The production and transport of chemicals used in the catalyst are included in the study.The study shows that the use of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) gives a considerable decrease in the environmental impact compared with using a diesel engine without a catalyst. The transport of urea solution over a 500 km distance makes a very small contribution to the total environmental impact. The global warming potential is the only impact category for which values are increased when including the urea production and transport. When looking at the contribution from urea to the total impact from the SCR process, the increase is less than 10 per cent for most impact categories.
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| 4. |
- Baldi, Francesco, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of the influence of the engine, propeller and auxiliary generation interaction on the energy efficiency of controllable pitch propeller ships
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Conference of Maritime Technology.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a context of increasing requirements for energy efficiency, this paper aims at improving theunderstanding on the interaction between engine, propeller, and auxiliary heat and power generation in theparticular case of controllable pitch propeller (CPP) ships. The case study of a CPP propelled chemical tankeris used to analyze the application of the proposed approach. The performance of the ship’s standardarrangement using a shaft generator for the fulfillment of auxiliary power demand is compared to theoperational alternative of using auxiliary engines, and with the possibilities for retrofitting with frequencyconverters and waste heat recovery systems. The influence of control systems parameters and of sea state arealso analyzed and compared. The results show a large possibility for improvements, both via operationaloptimization (up to 8.3% increased energy efficiency) and via different types of retrofitting (with increasedefficiencies of up to 11.4% for frequency converters, and 16.5% for WHR systems). The influence of a broadoperational envelope brings even larger improvements to the efficiency of the energy system at low speeds. Theresults of the paper provide useful information about the influence of different technologies for auxiliary powergeneration on the efficiency of CPP propelled vessels.
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| 5. |
- Baldi, Francesco, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Energy analysis of a ship - the case study of a chemical tanker
- 2014
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; 61, s. 1732-1735
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Improved understanding of ship energy use can be a crucial part of the process of increasing ship energy efficiency. In this paper, the methodology of energy analysis is applied to ship energy systems in order to showcase the benefits of such methodology. Data from one year of operations of a case study ship were used, together with mechanistic knowledge of ship systems, in order to evaluate the different energy flows. The identification of main producers, consumers and waste flows, allowed by the application of the method, leads to the suggestion of a number of possible improvements guided by the improved knowledge of the ship's energy system.
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| 6. |
- Baldi, Francesco, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Energy and exergy analysis of ship energy systems - the case study of a chemical tanker
- 2014
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Ingår i: 27th ECOS, International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems. - 9781634391344
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shipping is already a relevant contributor to global carbon dioxide emissions, and its share is expected to grow together with global trade in the coming years. At the same time, bunker prices are increasing and companies start to feel the pressure of growing fuel bills in their balance sheet. In order to address both challenges, it is important to improve the understanding of how ship energy consumption is generated, through a detailed analysis of its energy systems. In this paper, a method for the analysis of ship energy systems is proposed and applied on one year of operations of a chemical tanker, for which both measurements and mechanistic knowledge of ship systems were available. Energy analysis applied to the case-study vessel allowed comparing different energy flows and therefore identifying system components and interactions critical for ship energy consumption. Exergy analysis allowed instead identifying main inefficiencies and evaluating waste flows. This last information was then processed in order to estimate the potential for waste energy recovery under different conditions. Results showed that propulsion is the main contributor to ship energy consumption (70%), but that also auxiliary heat (16.5%) and power (13.5%) needs are relevant sources of energy consumption. The potential for waste heat recovery is relevant, especially in the exhaust gas, which contains an exergy flow sized 18% of engine power output.
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| 7. |
- Baldi, Francesco, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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From Energy Flows to Monetary Flows - An Innovative Way of Assessing Ship Performances Through Thermo-Economic Analysis
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Association of Maritime Economists Conference (IAME 2012 Taipei)..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent events concerning world economy, environmental policies and resources depletion have grown a large interest in the matter of reducing energy consumption. Unfortunately, even if several cost-effective measures could bring to sensible reductions in fuel consumption, shipping industry is often much reluctant to act in this direction. It is in the opinion of the authors, based on recent studies on the subject (Johnson, 2012),(Johnson, 2011), that a primary reason for this behavior lays in the lack of clear and effective tools for including these matters in the decision making processes. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to propose a new and innovative methodology for improving communication between technical and management departments of a shipping company when dealing with ship fuel consumption analysis. This will be done by making use of Sankey diagrams as graphical support and by converting energy flows to monetary flows, thus showing how energy is being used by different components or wasted to the environment in a much tangible manner. A case study will be presented in order to support the analysis with numerical values.
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| 8. |
- Baldi, Francesco, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of propulsion system design on the carbon footprint of different marine fuels
- 2013
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Ingår i: Low Carbon Shipping Conference, London 2013.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rising environmental awareness and stricter environmental regulations have increased the interest in new fuels and energy efficiency measures in the shipping industry. Different fuels have different physical and chemical properties that affect the performance of internal combustion engines, e.g. the efficiency, the exhaust gas emissions, and the potential for energy recovery. This has an impact on the potential propulsion efficiency as well as on the life cycle environmental performance. The aim of this study is therefore twofold. First, to assess the potential for optimising the energy use of the propulsion system dependent on fuel choice and second, to assess the overall life cycle global warming potential of the optimised systems. Three fuels are compared, heavy fuel oil (HFO), marine gas oil (MGO), and liquefied natural gas (LNG), in combination with two exhaust gas cleaning technologies, scrubbers and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) units. Data from one year of actual operation with a product tanker are used as a base for the optimization. The results show that the solution with the lowest fuel consumption and carbon footprint is a two-stroke engine with waste heat recovery (WHR) powered by LNG. The synthesis of an optimization procedure for the propulsion system and an LCA approach leads to very interesting results. The different carbon content of different fuels, together with methane slip, leads to a better estimation to the carbon footprint of different propulsion systems. On the other hand, a better insight of the differences between different propulsion arrangements allows performing a more accurate comparison between different fuels. The potential for WHR has a particularly relevant influence on the final result.
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| 9. |
- Bemark, Mats, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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A glycosylation-dependent CD45RB epitope defines previously unacknowledged CD27(-)IgM(high) B cell subpopulations enriched in young children and after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
- 2013
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Ingår i: Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1521-6616 .- 1521-7035. ; 149:3, s. 421-431
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The immune system is dysfunctional for years after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). A potential cause is an intrinsic B cell deficiency. In a cohort of pediatric HSCT patients few CD27(+) B cells formed after transplantation with the number of CD27(+)IgM(high) cells more affected than class-switched ones. A previously unacknowledged population of CD27(-)IgM(high) cells made up the majority of B cells and this population was also enlarged in healthy children compared to adults. Only a minority of these CD27(-)IgM(high) B cells expressed markers typical for transitional B cells, and the non-transitional CD27(-)IgM(high) cells could be further divided into subpopulations based on their ability to extrude the dye Rhodamine 123 and their expression of CD45RB(MEM55), a glycosylation-dependent epitope. Thus, we define several novel human CD27(-)IgM(high) B cell subpopulations in blood, all of which are present in higher frequencies and numbers in young children and after HSCT than in adults.
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| 10. |
- Bengmark, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Mellan öken och hav
- 2012
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Ingår i: Ohlinsalen, Artisten, Göteborg, 1 mars, 2012.
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Konstnärligt arbete (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vackra arabiska sånger översatta till svenska. Många av sångerna har flera hundra år på nacken och härstammar från det vidsträckta arabisktalande området från södra Spanien till Irak. Karin Bengmark, sång, Ahmad al Khatib, oud, Michael Andersson, slagverk, Stefan Bergman, bas och Sten Källman, saxofon
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