| 1. |
- Almgren, Torbjörn, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Diabetes in treated hypertension is common and carries a high cardiovascular risk: results from a 28-year follow-up.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of hypertension. - 0263-6352. ; 25:6, s. 1311-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyse predictive factors for development of type 2 diabetes during life-long therapy for hypertension and the alleged additional cardiovascular risk this constitutes. METHODS: The study group (n = 754) comprised the hypertensive subgroup of a randomized population sample of 7500 men, aged 47-54 years, screened for cardiovascular risk factors and followed for 25-28 years. The patients were treated with thiazide diuretics and beta-adrenergic blocking drugs with the addition of hydralazin during the first decade. Calcium antagonists were substituted for hydralazin and, if needed, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors were added when these drugs became available. RESULTS: A total of 148 (20.4%) treated hypertensive patients developed diabetes during 25 years, and in multivariate Cox regression analysis body mass index, serum triglycerides and treatment with beta-blockers were positively related with this complication. New-onset diabetes implied a significantly increased risk for stroke [hazard ratio (HR): 1.67; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.1-2.6; P < 0.05], myocardial infarction (OR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.1-2.5; P < 0.05) and mortality (OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.1-1.9; P < 0.05). The greatest risk for stroke was new-onset diabetes, followed by smoking (OR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1-2.2; P = 0.07) and the greatest risk for myocardial infarction was new-onset diabetes, followed by smoking (HR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.1-2.4; P < 0.01). The greatest risk for mortality was smoking (HR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.3-2.2; P < 0.005). Achieved systolic and diastolic blood pressure were not predictive of cardiovascular complications or death. The mean observation time from onset of diabetes mellitus to a first stroke was 9.1 years and to a first myocardial infarction 9.3 years. CONCLUSION: Diabetes in treated hypertensive patients is alarmingly common and carries a high risk for cardiovascular complications and mortality.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Christin, et al.
(författare)
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Differential CSF biomarker levels in APOE-epsilon4-positive and -negative patients with memory impairment.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders. - Basel : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 23:2, s. 87-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationships between episodic memory, APOE genotype, CSF markers (total tau, T-tau; phospho-tau, P-tau; beta-amyloid, Abeta42) and longitudinal cognitive decline. METHODS: 124 memory clinic patients were retrospectively divided into 6 groups based on (i) episodic memory function (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, RAVLT): severe, moderate or no impairment (SIM, MIM or NIM), and (ii) APOE genotype (epsilon4+ or epsilon4-). CSF marker levels and cognitive decline were compared across groups. RESULTS: Episodic memory function, according to RAVLT scores, was significantly correlated with CSF marker levels only among epsilon4+ subjects and not among epsilon4- subjects. When comparing the 6 subgroups, SIM epsilon4+ and MIM epsilon4+ groups showed significantly lower Abeta42 levels than the other groups. T-tau and P-tau levels were significantly increased in SIM epsilon4+ when compared to all the other groups, including the SIM epsilon4- group. However, both SIM epsilon4+ and SIM epsilon4- declined cognitively during the follow-up. CONCLUSION: It remains to be determined whether APOE genotype affects the expression of biomarkers in CSF, or whether the different biomarker patterns reflect different types of disease processes in patients with progressive cognitive dysfunction.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Magnus, 1975-
(författare)
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Construction of force measuring optical tweezers instrumentation and investigations of biophysical properties of bacterial adhesion organelles
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Optical tweezers are a technique in which microscopic-sized particles, including living cells and bacteria, can be non-intrusively trapped with high accuracy solely using focused light. The technique has therefore become a powerful tool in the field of biophysics. Optical tweezers thereby provide outstanding manipulation possibilities of cells as well as semi-transparent materials, both non-invasively and non-destructively, in biological systems. In addition, optical tweezers can measure minute forces (< 10-12 N), probe molecular interactions and their energy landscapes, and apply both static and dynamic forces in biological systems in a controlled manner. The assessment of intermolecular forces with force measuring optical tweezers, and thereby the biomechanical structure of biological objects, has therefore considerably facilitated our understanding of interactions and structures of biological systems. Adhesive bacterial organelles, so called pili, mediate adhesion to host cells and are therefore crucial for the initial bacterial-cell contact. Thus, they serve as an important virulence factor. The investigation of pili, both their biogenesis and their expected in vivo properties, brings information that can be of importance for the design of new drugs to prevent bacterial infections, which is crucial in the era of increased bacterial resistance towards antibiotics. In this thesis, an experimental setup of a force measuring optical tweezers system and the results of a number of biomechanical investigations of adhesive bacterial organelles are presented. Force measuring optical tweezers have been used to characterize three different types of adhesive organelles under various conditions, P, type 1, and S pili, which all are expressed by uropathogenic Escherichia coli. A quantitative biophysical force-extension model, built upon the structure and force response, has been developed. It is found, that this model describes the biomechanical properties for all three pili in an excellent way. Various parameters in their energy landscape, e.g., bond lengths and transition barrier heights, are assessed and the difference in behavior is compared. The work has resulted in a method that in a swift way allows us to probe different types of pili with high force and high spatial resolution, which has provided an enhanced understanding of the biomechanical function of these pili.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Andersson, S.-O., et al.
(författare)
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The criteria nurses use in assessing acute trauma in military emergency care
- 2007
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Ingår i: Accident and Emergency Nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0965-2302 .- 1532-9267. ; 15:3, s. 148-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emergency medical care for seriously injured patients in war or warlike situations is highly important when it comes to soldiers' survival and morale. The Swedish Armed Forces sends nurses, who have limited experience of caring for injured personnel in the field, on a variety of international missions. The aim of this investigation was to identify the kind of criteria nurses rely on when assessing acute trauma and what factors are affecting the emergency care of injured soldiers. A phenomenographic research approach based on interviews was used. The database for the study consists of twelve nurses who served in Bosnia in 1994-1996. The criteria nurses rely on, when assessing acute trauma in emergency care, could be described in terms of domain-specific criteria such as a physiological, an anatomical, a causal and a holistic approach as well as contextual criteria such as being able to communicate, having a sense of belonging, the military environment, the conscript medical orderly and familiarity with health-caring activity. The present study shows that the specific contextual factors affecting emergency care in the field must also be practised before the nurse faces military emergency care situations. This calls for realistic exercises and training programs, where experience from civilian emergency care is interwoven with the knowledge specific to military medical care. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Andrén, Ove, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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MUC-1 gene is associated with prostate cancer death : a 20-year follow-up of a population-based study in Sweden
- 2007
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - London : Harcourt Publishers. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 97:6, s. 730-734
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anti-adhesion mucins have proven to play an important part in the biology of several types of cancer. Therefore, we test the hypothesis that altered expression of MUC-1 is associated with prostate cancer progression. We retrieved archival tumour tissue from a population-based cohort of 195 men with localised prostate cancer (T1a-b, Nx, M0) that has been followed for up to 20 years with watchful waiting. Semi-automated, quantitative immunohistochemistry was undertaken to evaluate MUC-1 expression. We modelled prostate cancer-specific death as a function of MUC-1 levels accounting for age, Gleason grade and tumour extent, and calculated age-adjusted and multivariate adjusted hazard ratios (HR). Men that had tumours with an MUC-intensity lower or higher than normal tissue had a higher risk of dying in prostate cancer, independent of tumour extent and Gleason score (HR 5.1 and 4.5, respectively). Adjustment for Gleason grade and tumour stage did not alter the results. Men with a Gleason score >=7 and MUC-1 deviating from the normal had a 17 (RR=17.1 95% confidence interval=2.3–128) times higher risk to die in prostate cancer compared with men with Gleason score <7 and normal MUC-1 intensity. In summary, our data show that MUC-1 is an independent prognostic marker for prostate cancer death.
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| 7. |
- Demichelis, F., et al.
(författare)
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TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion associated with lethal prostate cancer in a watchful waiting cohort
- 2007
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Ingår i: Oncogene. - Basingstoke : Nature Publ. Group. - 0950-9232 .- 1476-5594. ; 26:31, s. 4596-4599
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The identification of the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion in prostate cancer suggests that distinct molecular subtypes may define risk for disease progression. In surgical series, TMPRSS2:ERG fusion was identified in 50% of the tumors. Here, we report on a population-based cohort of men with localized prostate cancers followed by expectant (watchful waiting) therapy with 15% (17/111) TMPRSS2:ERG fusion. We identified a statistically significant association between TMPRSS2:ERG fusion and prostate cancer specific death (cumulative incidence ratio=2.7, P<0.01, 95% confidence interval=1.3–5.8). Quantitative reverse-transcription–polymerase chain reaction demonstrated high estrogen-regulated gene (ERG) expression to be associated with TMPRSS2:ERG fusion (P<0.005). These data suggest that TMPRSS2:ERG fusion prostate cancers may have a more aggressive phenotype, possibly mediated through increased ERG expression.
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| 8. |
- Eriksson, Björn, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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The Dynamic Properties of a Poppet Type Hydraulic Flow Amplifier
- 2007
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Ingår i: 10th Scandinavian International Conference on Fluid Power, SICFP´07. - Tampere, Finland : Tampere University of Technology. ; , s. 161-178
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the dynamic properties of a two-stage flow control valve of the "Valvistor" brand. There are several benefits to this: the valve ha a high closed loop bandwidth, the design allows big flow capacities etc. An attractive feature of this two-stage valve is that the pilot flow contributes to the total flow giving higher steady state flow efficiency. This paper presents an analythical model of this particular type of valve. A simplified model with relevant approximations is also presented. Measurements on the valve were made to validate the valve model. The paper also includes a further discussion about the pros and cons of the valve in open and closed loop applications.
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| 9. |
- Inaba, Akira, et al.
(författare)
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Multiple glass transitions and two step crystallization for the binary system of water and glycerol
- 2007
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Ingår i: Thermochimica Acta 461, issue 1-2. - : Elsevier BV. ; , s. 44-49
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glass formation/crystallization phenomena were studied in water and glycerol mixtures using adiabatic calorimetry. The sample was cooled rapidly from room temperature and its thermal response was followed on heating from 80 to 300 K. The binary mixtures with the glycerol contents more than 55% (w/w) (19 mol%) yielded the homogeneous glassy states, consisting of randomly mixed water and glycerol molecules. Their glass transition temperatures showed the composition dependence of the Gordon-Taylor equation, and extrapolated exactly to that of pure water (135 K). The mixtures in the 0-55% (w/w) glycerol range crystallized partly on cooling and exhibited three anomalies in the temperature drift rate on heating. The first of these three is associated with the onset of reorientational motions of water molecules in the hexagonal ice which increases from 107 to 120 K on increasing the glycerol composition. The second is the composition independent temperature of 164 K that corresponds to the mixture with 76% (w/w) glycerol (38 mol%, known as the maximally freeze-concentrated solution), which is the mixture with the maximum composition of water that can be cooled without crystallization. The third is associated with the ice crystallization followed by ice dissolution in the range 185-202 K. In addition, the sample with 60% (w/w) glycerol composition (23 mol%) exhibited two distinguishable exothermic peaks on heating. The initial one is large and is attributed to crystallization into a novel two-dimensionally ordered structure of ice, and the second is due to the transformation of the layered structures into the hexagonal ice.
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| 10. |
- Johari, G P, et al.
(författare)
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In situ transformation of amorphous ices at high pressures
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. ; 76, s. 134103-1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By using thermal conductivity and its change with temperature and pressure as a criteria for in situ structural transformation of the crystalline and amorphous solid forms of water, we report two findings: (i) transformation of high-density amorph (HDA) directly to cubic ice on slow depressurization and (ii) slow transformation or dilation of metastable HDA at 130 K to a low-density amorph (LDA) even when the pressure was increased from 0.2 to 0.3 GPa, and then gradual reversion by collapse of the LDA to HDA on further pressurization to 0.5 GPa. We also discuss implications of these findings for the current understanding of the transformations of metastable ices under pressure, particularly of those studied in situ.
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