| 1. |
- Andrén, Daniela, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Work and health : working conditions, job requirements, individual habits, and sickness risk
- 2002
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Ingår i: The European Journal of Health Economics. ; , s. 38-38
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The starting point and motivation of our study are the effects of working conditions, job requirements, and personal habits on people’s health. Our hypothesis is that these effects do exist, and that, on average, employees exposed to either less friendly working conditions, higher job demands, or characterized by bad individual habits, will have longer sickness spells than their cohort peers who do not have the previous characteristics. Another hypothesis is that employees who are working in a friendly work environment, executing jobs that do not demand high physical efforts, etc. will have a better health and will work longer hours than their cohort peers who do not have these characteristics. These hypotheses are tested using a longitudinal database provided by the Swedish National Social Insurance Board (RFV), which contains high quality information on the duration of the sickness spells, earnings, and demographics from both RFV’s and the social insurance offices administrative registers. Both nonparametric and parametric estimates show that the work environment and job tasks, as well as the individual habits have a significant effect on people’s health. Therefore, we conclude that it is desirable to have programs directed to improve the social and physical work environment, jobs tasks, and individual performance (through training and/or vocational rehabilitation of those individuals). Nevertheless, given that the magnitude of the effects of the individual habits was relatively higher than the work environment and job’s tasks effects, it is difficult to suggest which social policy might be suitable to improve employees health in general.
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| 2. |
- Andrén, Elinor, et al.
(författare)
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Holocene history of the Baltic Sea as a background for assessing records of human impact in the sediments of the Gotland Basin
- 2000
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Ingår i: The Holocene. - : SAGE Publications. - 0959-6836 .- 1477-0911. ; 10, s. 687-702
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sediment cores from the Gotland Basin were studied for their siliceous microfossil assemblages and organic carbon content to compare recent environmental changes in the Baltic Sea with its natural long-term history. Age models were constructed using Pb-210, Cs-137 and corrected and calibrated C-14 dates. The transgression that marks the onset of the Ancylus Lake stage is recorded in the sediments as a small increase in organic carbon coinciding with a peak in diatom abundance and increased diatom diversity. A minor occurrence of brackish-freshwater diatoms is recorded in the Ancylus Lake c. 9950-9750 cal. yr BP (c. 8900-8800 C-14 yr BP), correlating with the onset of the Initial Litorina Sea in the Bornholm Basin. A high-productivity event is recorded in the end of the Post-Litorina Sea and corresponds to the Mediaeval warm event. An alteration in the diatom assemblage contemporaneous with a decrease in organic carbon, interpreted as representing a deterioration in the climate, correlates with the start of the ‘Little Ice Age’ about 850-700 cal. yr BP. A change dated to ad 1950-1960 is probably an effect of increased nutrient availability in the open Baltic Sea. This effect of eutrophication was probably caused by increased discharge of nutrients deriving from fertilizers, as the responding diatom species partly indicate a cold climate rather than a warm one, as would have been expected if this had been only a response to the warmer climate documented during the last 100 years or so.
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| 3. |
- Andrén, Elinor, et al.
(författare)
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The Holocene history of the southwestern Baltic Sea as reflected in a sediment core from the Bornholm Basin
- 2000
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Ingår i: Boreas. - : Wiley. - 0300-9483 .- 1502-3885. ; 29, s. 233-250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A study of changes in siliceous microfossil assemblages and chemical analyses in a well-dated offshore sediment core from the Bornholm Basin, southwestern Baltic Sea, is carried out with the objective of increasing knowledge of the Holocene history of the area. The core covers about 11 300 calendar years from the brackish phase of the Yoldia Sea stage to the present. The first weak marine influence in the Ancylus Lake stage is recorded about 10 100 cal. yr BP (c. 8900 C-14 BP), indicating a complex transition to the Litorina Sea with different phases of brackish-water inflow. The lithology, organic carbon content and C/N and C/S ratios indicate no major changes in the sedimentary environment during the Litorina-Post-Litorina Sea stages. A high productivity event recorded in the Post-Litorina Sea stage around 950 cal. yr BP correlates with the Medieval warm event. A biostratigraphical change indicating a colder climate is recorded in the sediment at about 800 cal. yr BP, which might mark the beginning of the Little Ice Age.
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| 4. |
- Andrén, Thomas, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the employment effects of vocational training using a one- factormodel
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Matching estimators use observed variables to adjust for differences between groups to eliminate sample selection bias. When minimum relevant information is not available, matching estimates are biased. If access to data on usually unobserved factors that determine the selection process is unavailable, other estimators should be used. This study advocates the one-factor control function estimator that allows for unobserved heterogeneity with factor-loading technique. Treatment effects of vocational training in Sweden are estimated with mean and distributional parameters, and then compared with matching estimates. The results indicate that unobservables slightly increase the treatment effect for those treated.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Andrén, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence of the final drainage of the Baltic Ice Lake and the brackish phase of the Yoldia Sea in glacial varves from the Baltic Sea
- 2002
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Ingår i: Boreas. - : Wiley. - 0300-9483 .- 1502-3885. ; 31, s. 226-238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A clay-varve chronology based on 14 cross-correlated varve graphs from the Baltic Sea and a mean varve thickness curve has been constructed. This chronology is correlated with the Swedish Time Scale and covers the time span 11 530 to 10 250 varve years BP. Two cores have been analysed for grain size, chemistry, content of diatoms and changes in colour by digital colour analysis. The final drainage of the Baltic Ice Lake is dated to c. 10800 varve years BP and registered in the cores analysed as a decrease in the content of clay. This event can be correlated with atmospheric D 14 C content and might have resulted in an increase in these values recorded between 11565 and 11545 years BP. The results of the correlation between the varve chronology from the Baltic Sea, the Greenland GRIP ice core and the atmospheric D 14 C record indicate that c. 760 years are missing in the Swedish Time Scale in the part younger than c. 10 250 varve years BP. A change in colour from a brownish to grey varved glacial clay recorded c. 10 770 varve years BP is found to be the result of oxygen deficiency due to an increase in the rate of sedimentation in the early Preboreal. The first brackish influence is recorded c. 10 540 varve years BP in the northwestern Baltic Sea and some 90 years later in the eastern Gotland Basin.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bianchi, Thomas S, et al.
(författare)
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Cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic Sea : Natural or human-induced?
- 2000
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Ingår i: Limnology and Oceanography. - 0024-3590 .- 1939-5590. ; 45:3, s. 716-726
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Massive summer blooms of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria have been documented in the Baltic Sea since the 19th century, but are reported to have increased in frequency, biomass, and duration in recent decades-presumably in response to the well-documented anthropogenic eutrophication of the Baltic. Here, we present an 8,000-yr record of fossil cyanobacterial pigments, diatom microfossil assemblages, and delta(15)N variations in sediment cores from the Baltic proper. This record indicates that nitrogen-living cyanobacterial blooms are nearly as old as the present brackish water phase of the Baltic Sea, starting as far back as ca. 7000 B.P.-soon after the former freshwater Ancylus Lake turned into the brackish Litorina Sea. Demonstration of cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic prior to the greatly increased anthropogenic nutrient inputs of the 20th century is important for setting realistic goals when trying to reduce the magnitude of present brooms. Our results suggest that the presently predominating nitrogen (N) limitation of phytoplankton in the Baltic Sea proper is not man-induced, but a natural phenomenon, which has endured for some 7,000 yr. These cyanobacterial blooms were possibly initiated by increased availability of phosphorus (P)-from inflow of P-rich seawater and increased P release from sediments-during periods of deep-water anoxia, caused by the establishment of salinity stratification. Efforts to restore the Baltic proper to a more oligotrophic and natural condition should take into account that nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterial blooms are a characteristic, natural feature of this sea.
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| 10. |
- Sohlenius, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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Development of anoxia during the Holocene fresh-brackish water transition in the Baltic Sea
- 2001
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Ingår i: Marine Geology. - : Elsevier. - 0025-3227 .- 1872-6151. ; 177, s. 221-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the most pronounced environmental changes during the Holocene Baltic Sea history was the transition from the freshwater Ancylus Lake to the brackish water Litorina Sea. The establishment of brackish conditions during this transition (the A/L) was caused by an interplay of sea level rise and subsidence of sills in the Danish Straits. The northward progression of salt water influence caused the gradual and transgressive development of a halocline which obstructed vertical water circulation in the deep depositional basins. It caused changes in surface water properties (mirrored by diatom flora and productivity levels), in redox conditions of bottom waters, in organic carbon preservation of sediments, and in nutrient cycling. In seven cores from the Arkona, Bornholm and Gotland Basins, the A/L transition was WC dated and studied in high-resolution samples for minor and major element composition. The earliest marine inflows were small and can only be detected by sedimentary properties in the southern Baltic. Further north the salinity increase was gradual and retarded; only when the connection through the Danish Straits was well established the entire Baltic proper became brackish with a stratified water column. This development took altogether 2000 C-14 yr (c. 9000-7000 BP). Diatom analyses indicate a fast increase in salinity c. 7000 C-14 yr BP, which coincides with a transgressive phase in the straits, In the Gotland Basin, deposition of laminated sediments and periodically euxinic conditions were established first at the deepest bottoms, and rose to shallower water depth as the basin was gradually filled with dense brackish water. The laminated sequences have high organic carbon contents, which is attributed to better preservation under anoxic conditions. Litorina sediments from the Arkona and Bornholm Basins are bioturbated even though conditions became more reducing also in these sediments during the A/L transition. The development of reducing conditions during the A/L transition probably caused Pre-mobilization from the sediments and a decrease in the rates of denitrification. Both factors increased primary productivity. A comparison between isochronous sediments from different basins shows that certain elements (Mo, Cu, V and Cd) are enriched sediments deposited during predominantly anoxic conditions.
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