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- Trampe, Peter af, 1943-
(författare)
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Two experimental studies in foreign language learning/teaching
- 1982
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The case for experimental research on the efficiency of methods of foreign language teaching is pleaded. In the first study, the effects of different practice materials on beginners' word-decoding ability in Russian was examined. The Russian words were divided into three categories: 1. The KTO-type. These words are in conflict with Swedish phonotactic rules and their meaning is not evident to a Swedish beginner. 2. The MAKET-type These words are phonotactically non-contrastive. To a Swedish learner, they are semantically opaque, however. 3. The ATOM-type. These words are also phonotactically non-contrastive and their meaning is potentially transparent to the Swedish beginner. Three groups of subjects were formed — each group practising on one and only one of the word-types. All subjects were then given a decoding test on all three types. No significant differences between groups were found, but there was significant interaction to the effect that the group that had practised on the more difficult KTO-type of words was better at decoding that type than the other groups. This group got the decoding of the MAKET and ATOM types into the bargain. Thus, in this case, progression need not be ' from the simple to the difficult ". In fact, it seems preferable to start with the more difficult words In the second experiment, two different ways of learning vocabulary in a foreign language (English) were compared, viz. concept learning in 11 with subsequent memorization of the L2 labels vs. concept learning in L2 with subsequent memorization of the L1 labels. The concepts and vocabulary of heraldry were used. With a group of university students of English, the English labels were learned more efficiently in the L2 concept learning case. With a group of 17-year-old high-school pupils, however, the results were inconclusive. It is suggested that the outcome in the latter case is due to language (LI) preference in connection with, or rather than, poorer foreign language proficiency The results indicate, then, that concept learning as a means to foreign language vocabulary acquisition will be effective in many cases, where the learning situation is comparable to the present experimental situation: i.e. where it is possible to combine the learning of L2 with the acquisition of new knowledge about the world. The L2 proficiency and language preferences of the learners must be taken into account, however
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| 2. |
- Kyrönlahti, Saila M., et al.
(författare)
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Trajectories of low back pain from midlife to retirement and functional ability at old age
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 32:3, s. 497-503
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This study aimed to identify trajectories of low back pain (LBP) over a 16-year follow-up from midlife to retirement and investigate their association with mobility limitations and disability in activities of daily living (ADL-disability) in later life. Methods: The study population consisted of 6257 baseline (1981) respondents aged 44–58 years from Finnish Longitudinal study on Aging Municipal Employees. Repeated measurements of LBP were collected in 1985, 1992 and 1997. We studied persons who had data on LBP at baseline and in at least one of the follow-ups and had information on mobility limitations (n = 2305) and ADL-disability (n = 2359) at a 28-year follow-up in 2009. Latent class growth analysis was used to identify LBP trajectories. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations of LBP trajectory and later life mobility limitations and ADL-disability were estimated and adjusted for confounders. Results: Three LBP trajectories with parallel shapes were identified: high-decreasing (19%), intermediate-stable (60%) and low (21%). After adjustment for confounders, high-decreasing trajectory had 3.2 times the odds (95% CI 2.1–4.9) of mobility limitations and 2.9 times the odds (95% CI 2.0–4.2) of ADL-disability as compared to low trajectory. The respective ORs for intermediate-stable trajectory were 1.6 (95% CI 1.2–2.1) and 1.7 (95% CI 1.3–2.3). Conclusions: Among majority of respondents, LBP remained stable over the follow-up. The respondents belonging to intermediate-stable and high-decreasing trajectories of LBP had higher odds of mobility limitations and ADL-disability at old age. This highlights that LBP during midlife to retirement has far-reached consequences on functional ability at old age.
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| 7. |
- Black, John H, 1949
(författare)
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Chemistry and cosmology
- 2006
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Ingår i: Faraday Discussions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1359-6640 .- 1364-5498. ; 133, s. 27-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The simplest elements, hydrogen and helium, offer a remarkably rich chemistry, which has controlled crucial features of the early evolution of the universe. Theoretical models of the origin of structure (stars, galaxies, clusters of galaxies, etc.) now incorporate this chemistry in some detail. In addition to the origin of structure, cosmologists are concerned with observational tests of competing world models. Primordial chemistry may give rise to some of the earliest departures from thermodynamic equilibrium in the universe. These effects may be observable as broad-band spectroscopic distortions of the cosmic background radiation, which otherwise exhibits a nearly perfect blackbody spectrum. The chemical history of the expanding universe is followed through a detailed calculation of the evolution of the abundances of H, H+, H, H2, H+2, H+3, and other minor species. It is shown that continuous absorption by the small concentration of H can produce a distortion in the cosmic background spectrum with a maximum at a frequency near /c = 9 cm1 (wavelength 1.1 mm). The predicted effect lies only a factor of 5 below current limits. Its detection would provide an important test of our understanding of the recombination epoch of the universe.
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| 8. |
- Da, Chau Thi, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of local feed resources as alternatives to fish meal in terms of growth performance, feed utilisation and biological indices of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) fingerlings
- 2012
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Ingår i: Aquaculture. - : Elsevier BV. - 0044-8486 .- 1873-5622. ; 364-365, s. 150-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A 16-week feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate growth performance, feed utilisation and body indices of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) fed diets where fish meal protein was replaced with protein from local feed resources. The reference diet contained fish meal as the main crude protein (CP) source, whilst in the six test diets 20 to 100% of the fish meal CP was replaced with CP from local ingredients (soybean meal, cassava leaf meal, sweet potato leaf meal, groundnut cake, golden apple snail meal and shrimp head meal). Final body weight (BW) and total weight gain (WG) were lowest for the cassava leaf meal diet (P < 0.05), whilst there were no differences in BW and WG between the other diets. Final BW, WG and daily weight gain were numerically highest for the shrimp head meal diet. Fish survival rate, feed intake, feed utilisation and fish fillet proportion did not differ between the reference diet and the test diets (P > 0.05). The viscera-somatic, hepato-somatic, kidney and intra-peritoneal fat indices differed between treatments (P < 0.05). The results suggest that fish meal protein in feed for striped catfish fingerlings can be replaced with protein from locally available plant and animal ingredients without compromising growth performance, feed utilisation and carcass traits.
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| 9. |
- Podgórski, Krzysztof, et al.
(författare)
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How big are the big waves in a Gaussian sea?
- 2000
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Ingår i: International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering. - 1053-5381. ; 10, s. 161-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Kerzendorf, W. E., et al.
(författare)
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Extremely late photometry of the nearby SN 2011fe
- 2017
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Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 472:3, s. 2534-2542
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Type Ia supernovae are widely accepted to be the outcomes of thermonuclear explosions in white dwarf stars. However, many details of these explosions remain uncertain (e.g. the mass, ignition mechanism and flame speed). Theory predicts that at very late times (beyond 1000 d) it might be possible to distinguish between explosion models. Few very nearby supernovae can be observed that long after the explosion. The Type Ia supernova SN 2011fe located in M101 and along a line of sight with negligible extinction, provides us with the once-in-a-lifetime chance to obtain measurements that may distinguish between theoretical models. In this work, we present the analysis of photometric data of SN2011fe taken between 900 and 1600 d after explosion with Gemini and HST. At these extremely late epochs theory suggests that the light-curve shape might be used to measure isotopic abundances which is a useful model discriminant. However, we show in this work that there are several currently not well constrained physical processes introducing large systematic uncertainties to the isotopic abundance measurement. We conclude that without further detailed knowledge of the physical processes at this late stage one cannot reliably exclude any models on the basis of this data set.
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