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| 2. |
- Makranczy, G., et al.
(författare)
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Sex pheromone of pear moth, Cydia pyrivora
- 1998
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Ingår i: BioControl (Dordrecht). - : Springer. - 1386-6141 .- 1573-8248. ; 43:3, s. 339-344
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The sex pheromone of the pear moth, Cydia pyrivora, is (E,E)-8, 10-dodecadien-yl acetate. A 5%-addition of the geometric isomers E,Z and Z,Z decreased male attraction in the field, the Z,E isomer had no significant effect. Traps baited with 10 mu g E,E on grey rubber septa were attractive throughout the flight period of C. pyrivora. These traps allow specific detection of pear moth, and they are not attractive to its sibling species, codling moth C. pomonella.
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| 3. |
- Bengtsson, A., et al.
(författare)
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Composting of oily sludges - degradation, stabilized residues, volatiles and microbial activity
- 1998
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Ingår i: Waste Management & Research. - 0734-242X .- 1096-3669. ; 16:3, s. 273-284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Process residuals, sludge with high oil content, were treated by composting. In lab-scale (100 litre) trials initial oil concentrations (30 to 50 g kg-1 dry matter) were, depending on composting conditions, reduced 55 to 90% during a period of 60 to 120 days. Besides carbon dioxide, a significant amount of oil was converted to stabilized residuals. A minor volatile fraction (5%) evaporated. High numbers (approximately 1 x 108 per gram dry compost) of oil degrading bacteria were detected during the high rate phases. Genetic fingerprinting (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) indicated groups of related and potentially interesting isolates from these periods. RAPD also indicated that successions of the microflora took place over time. Initial oil contents (40 to 80 g kg-1 dry compost) in outdoor pilot composts (15,000 to 20,000 kg), were reduced 86 to 94% in 10 months. Prolonged treatment (5 months) resulted in further decreases, in total a 95 to 97% reduction. In spite of increased biological activity, neither the addition of organic (manure) nor inorganic (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) nutrients increased the speed or amount of oil degraded during the prolonged treatment. Among potentially hazardous organics, elevated levels of polyaromatic hydrocarbons were found in the original oily sludge. Composting with adequate substrate reduced most of them. With proper considerations, composting is suggested as a cost and treatment-effective way of handling these sludges.
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| 5. |
- Bergdahl, IA, et al.
(författare)
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Methylmercury and inorganic mercury in serum--correlation to fish consumption and dental amalgam in a cohort of women born in 1922
- 1998
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Ingår i: Environmental research. ; 77, s. 20-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Sweden. Methylmercury in serum (S-MeHg) was assessed from serum concentrations of total (S-TotHg) and inorganic mercury (S-InoHg), determined by cold vapor-atomic absorption spectrometry. The samples were collected from 135 women on two occasions, in 1968-1969 and 1980-1981. In a subgroup of 29 women, an association was found between S-MeHg and the amount of fish consumed in 1968-1969 (r = 0.38, P = 0.04). The association was stronger (r = 0.50; P = 0.006) when the individuals' mean S-MeHg from 1968-1969 and 1980-1981 were plotted vs fish consumption 1968-1969. In the group, as a whole, there was an association between S-InoHg and number of dental amalgam surfaces, in both 1968-1969 (r = 0.48, P = 0.0001) and 1980-1981 (r = 0.57, P < 0.0001). The S-InoHg increased by approximately 0.1 nmol/L per amalgam tooth surface, corresponding to an uptake of approximately 0.2 microgram/day per amalgam surface, but with considerable interindividual differences. The levels were lower in 1980-1981 than in 1968-1969 for both MeHg and InoHg. The medians and ranges (nmol/L) were for MeHg 1968-1969: 3.6 (0.3-11.9); MeHg 1980-1981, 2.0 (-0.4-8.7); InoHg 1968-1969, 3.3 (0.7-11.8); InoHg 1980-1981, 1.7 (0.1-11.8); TotHg 1968-1969, 7.2 (1.9-18.8); and TotHg 1980-1981, 3.9 (1.0-14.2). The decrease in S-MeHg is probably due to a decreased consumption of MeHg via contaminated fish. The decrease in S-InoHg may reflect a decrease in environmental exposure, but the possibility of contamination of the 1968-1969 samples at sampling and/or storage cannot be excluded. PMID: 9593624 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- El-Sayed, A., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of codlemone isomers on codling moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) male attraction
- 1998
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Ingår i: Environmental Entomology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0046-225X .- 1938-2936. ; 27:5, s. 1250-1254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied the effect of codlemone geometric isomers (E,Z)-, (Z,E)-, and (Z,Z)-8,10-dodecadienol on sex attraction of male codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), in the field and in a wind tunnel. The use of an ultrasound evaporator made it possible to apply known rates of compound at defined isomeric purity. In the wind tunnel, 5, 20, and 100% addition of Z,E isomer to (E,E) -8,10-dodecadienol (codlemone) slightly increased male night response. However, field captures with these blends were not significantly different from codlemone alone. A 20 and 100% addition of E,Z isomer decreased male landings on the odor source in the wind tunnel and trap captures in the field; Z,Z had an antagonistic effect at 100%. The equilibrium isomer blend (100% EB; 26% E,Z; 20% Z,E; 5% Z,Z) strongly reduced male attraction. The behavioral effect of isomerization of codlemone in dispenser materials used for mating disruption has to be taken into consideration.
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| 9. |
- Florén, Claes-Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Bone mineral density in patients with Crohn's disease during long-term treatment with azathioprine
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - 1365-2796. ; 243:2, s. 123-126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To ascertain whether patients with Crohn's disease treated with azathioprine maintained bone mineral mass better than patients treated with steroids alone. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: University Hospital of Malmo, Sweden. SUBJECTS: A total of 59 patients with ileocolonic, ileocaecal or colonic Crohn's disease. METHODS: Bone mass was assessed by dual photon X-ray absorptiometry at the level of L2-L4. RESULTS: Patients treated with a high lifetime dose of steroids (> 5 g prednisolone) had significantly (P = 0.011) lower Z-score of L2-L4 (-0.87 +/- 1.11; 11 SD) than steroid-treated patients, who had received a low dose of prednisolone (< 5 g) (0.08 +/- 1.16 SD). Azathioprine did not negatively influence the steroid effect on bone mineral density. CONCLUSIONS: Azathioprine does not seem to affect bone mineral density by itself. However, by being steroid-saving, it seems to conserve bone mineral mass in patients with Crohn's disease.
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| 10. |
- Janson, Per-Olof, 1940, et al.
(författare)
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Acromegaly and Cushing's syndrome due to ectopic production of GHRH and ACTH by a thymic carcinoid tumour: in vitro responses to GHRH and GHRP-6.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Clinical endocrinology. - 0300-0664. ; 48:2, s. 243-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A 50-year-old male presented with diabetes mellitus and Cushing's syndrome associated with a large mediastinal mass. The levels of serum cortisol were high (1500-1800 nmol/l) without diurnal variation. Plasma ACTH levels (200-250 ng/l) and urinary excretion of cortisol were also increased. The levels of these hormones did not change in response to stimulation with corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) or suppression with high doses of dexamethasone. The patient had an elevated baseline GH level (7.3 mU/l), and the levels of immunoreactive GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) in eight plasma samples were markedly increased (600-1500 ng/l). Circulating levels of IGF-1, chromogranin A and neuropeptide Y (NPY) were also increased. Computer-assisted tomography and octreotide scintigraphy revealed a large mediastinal tumour and metastases in the left supraclavicular fossa. During treatment with octreotide, the baseline GH level was decreased (to 4.4 mU/l), while the GH pulse height was unchanged. Surgical removal of most of the tumour tissue resulted in a further decrease in the baseline serum GH level to a value (1.6 mU/l) about 20% of that before treatment, while the pulse height and mean GH were affected to a lesser extent. Postoperatively, circulating levels of cortisol and IGF-1 decreased, and the patient exhibited clinical improvement. Histological examination showed a neuroendocrine tumour with characteristics consistent with a foregut carcinoid of thymic origin. Immunoreactive GHRH, ACTH and NPY, but not immunoreactive GH, were detected in 80-90% of the tumour cells and the three peptides appeared to be co-localized. In primary culture, cells from this tumour displayed calcium influx in response to GHRH or GH releasing peptide-6 (GHRP-6), while there were not such responses by cells from another carcinoid not producing GHRH, ACTH or NPY. These results demonstrate a rare case of ectopic production of GHRH, ACTH and NPY, and indicate that the tumour cells were responsive to GHRH and GHRP-6 as well as octreotide.
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