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- Andersson, Maria L., et al.
(författare)
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Distribution of erosions in hands and feet at the time for the diagnosis of RA and during 8-year follow-up
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical Rheumatology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0770-3198 .- 1434-9949. ; 40:5, s. 1799-1810
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is usually evaluated by radiographs of both hands and feet, while the inflammatory status mostly is evaluated by DAS28 which, however, does not include the feet. Objectives: To investigate the distribution of erosions in hands and feet in early RA over 8 years and its potential clinical implications. Furthermore, the group of patients never showing erosions has been addressed. Methods: This study comprises 1041 patients from the BARFOT study of patients with early RA. Radiographs of hands and feet were performed at baseline, 1, 2, 5, and 8 years and evaluated by the Sharp van der Heijde scoring (SHS) method (32 joints in the hands and 12 in the feet). Disease activity was measured by DAS28, SR, CRP, and function with HAQ. Results: In the feet, there were significantly more eroded joints in percent of examined joints than in the hands at all time points. Patients with erosions only in the feet were younger, more often seropositive and smokers. They had significantly lower baseline DAS28, than the patients with erosions only in the hands. The patients without erosions over time were, at diagnosis, significantly younger and less frequently seropositive compared with patients having erosions. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of evaluating the feet in patients with RA, both with clinical examinations and with imaging and lends support to the notion that seropositivity and smoking are risk factors for erosive disease. Further studies of patients with nonerosive disease are needed.Key Points:• Foot problems are common in RA• This study emphasizes the limitations of DAS28 and Sharp van der Heijde score as regards evaluating disease activity and radiographic damage• This study highlights the importance of evaluating the feet in patients with RA with clinical examinations and imaging• This study also points out the need of further studies of patients with non-erosive RA.
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- Bager, Johan-Emil, et al.
(författare)
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Hypertension: sex-related differences in drug treatment, prevalence and blood pressure control in primary care.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of human hypertension. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5527. ; 37, s. 662-670
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antihypertensive treatment is equally beneficial for reducing cardiovascular risk in both men and women. Despite this, the drug treatment, prevalence and control of hypertension differ between men and women. Men and women respond differently, particularly with respect to the risk of adverse events, to many antihypertensive drugs. Certain antihypertensive drugs may also be especially beneficial in the setting of certain comorbidities - of both cardiovascular and extracardiac nature - which also differ between men and women. Furthermore, hypertension in pregnancy can pose a considerable therapeutic challenge for women and their physicians in primary care. In addition, data from population-based studies and from real-world data are inconsistent regarding whether men or women attain hypertension-related goals to a higher degree. In population-based studies, women with hypertension have higher rates of treatment and controlled blood pressure than men, whereas real-world, primary-care data instead show better blood pressure control in men. Men and women are also treated with different antihypertensive drugs: women use more thiazide diuretics and men use more angiotensin-enzyme inhibitors and calcium-channel blockers. This narrative review explores these sex-related differences with guidance from current literature. It also features original data from a large, Swedish primary-care register, which showed that blood pressure control was better in women than men until they reached their late sixties, after which the situation was reversed. This age-related decrease in blood pressure control in women was not, however, accompanied by a proportional increase in use of antihypertensive drugs and female sex was a significant predictor of less intensive antihypertensive treatment.
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- Westman, Jonas, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Contracts for Specifying and Structuring Requirements on Cyber-Physical Systems
- 2015
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Ingår i: Cyber-Physical Systems. - : CRC Press. ; , s. 307-342
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The notion of contracts was first introduced in Meyer [67] as a pair of pre-and postconditions [36, 45, 57] to be used in formal specification of software (SW) interfaces. In recent work [12,14], developed within the European research project SPEEDS [85], the use of contracts is extended from formal specification of software to serving as a central design philosophy in systems engineering to support the design of cyber-physical systems (CPS) [60,81]. One of the key challenges that triggered the extension of contracts is the increasingly complex development environment of cyberphysical systems, characterized by distributed original equipment manufacturer (OEM)/supplier chains [12, 14].
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- Berggren, Ulf, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Tobacco use is associated with more severe alcohol dependence, as assessed by the number of DSM-IV criteria, in Swedish male type 1 alcoholics.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire). - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0735-0414 .- 1464-3502. ; 42:3, s. 247-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A high smoking prevalence has been reported in treatment-seeking alcohol-dependent individuals. It has also been suggested that alcohol-dependent individuals who smoke may have a more severe course and greater severity of their alcoholism. METHODS: This study evaluated the impact of tobacco use in 108 Swedish male type 1 alcohol-dependent individuals, recruited by advertisement in a local daily newspaper. They were sub-grouped into smokers (N = 50), snuffers (N = 12) and tobacco nonusers (N = 46). The number of criteria for the diagnosis of alcohol dependence was used to assess the severity of alcohol dependence. RESULTS: The smokers were significantly younger compared to the tobacco non-using group, and also younger at their onset of excessive alcohol consumption. Both smokers and snuffers fulfilled significantly more DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence than tobacco nonusers. Furthermore, significantly higher proportions of smokers and snuffers fulfilled the criteria no 2 (experiencing withdrawal syndrome) and no 7 (continuing to use alcohol despite problems). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that not only smoking, but also snuffing, is associated with greater severity of alcohol dependence, as reflected by the greater number of DSM-IV criteria.
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- Bergstroem, Stig Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Conodont biostratigraphy, and delta C-13 and delta S-34 isotope chemostratigraphy, of the uppermost Ordovician and Lower Silurian at Osmundsberget, Dalarna, Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: GFF. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2000-0863 .- 1103-5897. ; 134:4, s. 251-272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The previously established graptolite and chitinozoan Hirnanian-Telychian biostratigraphy in the unique Osmundsberget North outcrop in the Siljan region, south-central Sweden, is integrated with new conodont biostratigraphy and C-13(org), C-13(carb) and S-34(pyr) chemostratigraphy. At this locality, the middle Hirnantian (latest Ordovician) topmost part of the Boda Limestone is overlain by the latest Hirnantian Glisstjarn Formation, and the late Aeronianearly Telychian (Llandovery) Kallholn Formation rests unconformably on the Glisstjarn Formation. Previous conodont work showed that the Glisstjarn Formation belongs to the lower Ozarkodina hassi Zone. New samples from calcareous interbeds in the dominantly shaly Kallholn Formation, some of which contain hundreds of condont elements, yielded Distomodus staurognathoides, Aspelundia fluegeli and other taxa indicating the D.staurognathoides Zone. In the East Baltic succession, the coeval interval, which is in the uppermost Raikkulalowermost Adavere stages just below the geographically widespread Osmundsberg K-bentonite, has yielded a conodont fauna similar to that of the lower Kallholn Formation. A regional review of the D. staurognathoides Zone shows that there are possible equivalents to our study interval also in Norway and the Welsh Borderland, but equivalent strata are missing in large parts of North America, or have not produced diagnostic conodonts. The C-13(org) values from the study section are relatively uniform (mostly ranging between 29 parts per thousand and 30 parts per thousand), and the late Aeronian and Valgu positive excursions have not been recognized.
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- Brännvall, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Improved impregnation efficiency and pulp yield of softwood kraft pulp by high effective alkali charge in the impregnation stage
- 2016
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Ingår i: Holzforschung. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 0018-3830 .- 1437-434X. ; 70:11, s. 1031-1037
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A pulp yield increase up to 2% can be achieved by impregnation with a liquor containing 2 M effective alkali ( EA) concentration instead of 1 M. The yield increase is due to higher cellulose and glucomannan contents in the pulp, which can be rationalized by less yield loss by peeling, as impregnation is more effective at an elevated EA level. A rapid loading of chips with alkali can be realized due to a high diffusion rate. When the temperature becomes higher in the cooking stage, enough alkali is available for delignification reactions without the risk of alkali depletion in the chip core, so that the delignification is more homogeneous.
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