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| 2. |
- Byttner, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Closed-loop control of EGR using ion currents
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 27th IASTED International Conference on Modelling, Identification, and Control, MIC. - Anaheim : ACTA Press. - 9780889867116 - 9780889867123 ; , s. 7-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two virtual sensors are proposed that use the spark-plug based ion current sensor for combustion engine control. The first sensor estimates combustion variability for the purpose of controlling exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and the second sensor estimates the pressure peak position for control of ignition timing. Use of EGR in engines is important because the technique can reduce fuel consumption and NOx emissions, but recirculating too much can have the adverse effect with e.g. increased fuel consumption and poor driveability of the vehicle. Since EGR also affects the phasing of the combustion (because of the diluted gas mixture with slower combustion) it is also necessary to control ignition timing otherwise efficiency will be lost. The combustion variability sensor is demonstrated in a closed-loop control experiment of EGR on the highway and the pressure peak sensor is shown to handle both normal and an EGR condition.
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| 3. |
- Carreira, B. M., et al.
(författare)
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Warm vegetarians? : Heat waves and diet shifts in tadpoles
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0012-9658 .- 1939-9170. ; 97:11, s. 2964-2974
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Temperature can play an important role in determining the feeding preferences of ectotherms. In light of the warmer temperatures arising with the current climatic changes, omnivorous ectotherms may perform diet shifts toward higher herbivory to optimize energetic intake. Such diet shifts may also occur during heat waves, which are projected to become more frequent, intense, and longer lasting in the future. Here, we investigated how heat waves of different duration affect feeding preferences in omnivorous anuran tadpoles and how these choices affect larval life history. In laboratory experiments, we fed tadpoles of three species on animal, plant, or mixed diet and exposed them to short heat waves (similar to the heat waves these species experience currently) or long heat waves (predicted to increase under climate change). We estimated the dietary choices of tadpoles fed on the mixed diet using stable isotopes and recorded tadpole survival and growth, larval period, and mass at metamorphosis. Tadpole feeding preferences were associated with their thermal background, with herbivory increasing with breeding temperature in nature. Patterns in survival, growth, and development generally support decreased efficiency of carnivorous diets and increased efficiency or higher relative quality of herbivorous diets at higher temperatures. All three species increased herbivory in at least one of the heat wave treatments, but the responses varied among species. Diet shifts toward higher herbivory were maladaptive in one species, but beneficial in the other two. Higher herbivory in omnivorous ectotherms under warmer temperatures may impact species differently and further contribute to changes in the structure and function of freshwater environments.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Lesko, Marek, et al.
(författare)
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Strategies for predictive modeling of overloaded oligonucleotide elution profiles in ion-pair chromatography
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Chromatography A. - : Elsevier. - 0021-9673 .- 1873-3778. ; 1711
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to their potential for gene regulation, oligonucleotides have moved into focus as one of the preferred modalities modulating currently undruggable disease-associated targets. In the course of synthesis and storage of oligonucleotides a significant number of compound-related impurities can be generated. Purification protocols and analytical methods have become crucial for the therapeutic application of any oligonucleotides, be they antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), small interfering ribonucleic acids (siRNAs) or conjugates. Ion-pair chromatography is currently the standard method for separating and analyzing therapeutic oligonucleotides. Although mathematical modeling can improve the accuracy and efficiency of ion-pair chromatography, its application remains challenging. Simple models may not be suitable to treat advanced single molecules, while complex models are still inefficient for industrial oligonucleotide optimization processes. Therefore, fundamental research to improve the accuracy and simplicity of mathematical models in ion-pair chromatography is still a necessity. In this study, we predict overloaded concentration profiles of oligonucleotides in ion-pair chromatography and compare relatively simple and more advanced predictive models. The experimental system consists of a traditional C18 column using (dibutyl)amine as the ion-pair reagent and acetonitrile as organic modifier. The models were built and tested based on three crude 16-mer oligonucleotides with varying degrees of phosphorothioation, as well as their respective n – 1 and (P = O)1 impurities. In short, the proposed models were suitable to predict the overloaded concentration profiles for different slopes of the organic modifier gradient and column load.
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| 6. |
- Li, Yibei, 1993-, et al.
(författare)
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Credit scoring by incorporating dynamic networked information
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Journal of Operational Research. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0377-2217 .- 1872-6860. ; 286:3, s. 1103-1112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, the credit scoring problem is studied by incorporating networked information, where the advantages of such incorporation are investigated theoretically in two scenarios. Firstly, a Bayesian optimal filter is proposed to provide risk prediction for lenders assuming that published credit scores are estimated merely from structured financial data. Such prediction can then be used as a monitoring indicator for the risk management in lenders’ future decisions. Secondly, a recursive Bayes estimator is further proposed to improve the precision of credit scoring by incorporating the dynamic interaction topology of clients. It is shown theoretically that under the proposed evolution framework, the designed estimator has a higher precision than any efficient estimator, and the mean square errors are strictly smaller than the Cramér–Rao lower bound for clients within a certain range of scores. Finally, simulation results for a special case illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
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| 7. |
- Li, Yifei, et al.
(författare)
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Current Reference Generation of Inverter-Based Resources During Asymmetrical Faults
- 2023
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Ingår i: 2023 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2023. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). ; , s. 1129-1136
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyzes the current reference generation of inverter-based resources (IBRs) during asymmetrical faults. It is revealed that the existing current generation methods are insufficient in maximizing the fault current contribution under different current priority modes. In this paper, a novel current reference generation approach is proposed to address this problem while simultaneously ensuring compliance with converter current limitations and grid codes. Electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulations are given to verify the proposed method.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Li, Yajie, et al.
(författare)
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Flexible RAN : Combining Dynamic Baseband Split Selection and Reconfigurable Optical Transport to Optimize RAN Performance
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE Network. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 0890-8044 .- 1558-156X. ; 34:4, s. 180-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The introduction of functional splits in C-RANs brings a tradeoff between radio performance and transport capacity. Higher-layer splits relax transport capacity requirements, whereas radio performance is not guaranteed. Lower-layer splits are beneficial for the radio performance, but they may require a more expensive and high capacity transport network. Facing the challenge of how to deploy 5G RANs in the short-term future, network operators need to find the best functional split options able to accommodate radio performance requirements without incurring excessive transport network costs. This article presents an architecture referred to as F-RAN able to choose the most appropriate split option while considering time-varying radio performance and the availability of transport resources. F-RAN can accommodate these needs by means of an SDN-based orchestration layer and a programmable optical transport network. The performance of F-RAN is benchmarked against a conventional C-RAN architecture in terms of the number of wavelengths and transponders to be deployed. Simulation results confirm the overall benefits of F-RAN in terms of better utilization of transport resources.
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| 10. |
- McInerney, GM, et al.
(författare)
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Direct cleavage, proteasomal degradation and sequestration: three mechanisms of viral subversion of type I interferon responses
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of innate immunity. - : S. Karger AG. - 1662-8128 .- 1662-811X. ; 1:6, s. 599-606
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The host type I interferon (IFN) system is central in antiviral defence and represents one of the greatest obstacles for a virus to overcome in order to establish a productive infection. Viruses have evolved many different mechanisms to repress the effects of the type I IFN system. For example, a number of viruses encode viral proteases, which can directly cleave and inactivate key components of the type I IFN induction and signalling pathway. Others recruit the ubiquitin proteasome system to destabilise proteins that are important for IFN responses. There are also many known viral proteins, which bind to and sequester proteins of the type I IFN system in an inactive state. Here, we review each of these different mechanisms of viral escape from the type I IFN response with examples from a range of viruses.
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