| 1. |
- Björklund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Gene therapy for dopamine replacement in Parkinson's disease.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Science Translational Medicine. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1946-6242 .- 1946-6234. ; 1:2, s. 2-2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The introduction of L-dopa (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) therapy 40 years ago was a revolution in the treatment of patients with Parkinson s disease (PD). With time, however, the shortcomings of oral L-dopa medication became apparent, in particular the appearance of troublesome side effects, expressed as involuntary movements (dyskinesias) that developed over time in many patients. A gene therapy approach, aimed at restoring dopamine synthesis in the affected brain by viral vector delivery of genes that encode the dopamine-synthesizing enzymes, may offer a solution to this problem. Now, a team of French and UK researchers reports promising results in a nonhuman primate model of PD, paving the way for clinical trials of this enzyme-replacement approach.
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| 2. |
- Böhlmark, Anders, 1973-
(författare)
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School Reform, Educational Achievement and Lifetime Income : Essays in Empirical Labor Economics
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Impact of School Choice on Pupil Achievement, Segregation and Costs: Swedish Evidence. This paper evaluates school choice at the compulsory school level. We estimate the impact of an increased enrolment in private schools on average achievement using within-municipality variation over time. We find positive effects, shown to be the sum of a (small) private school attendance effect and a competition effect. We also find effects on segregation and costs.Age at Immigration and School Performance: A Siblings Analysis Using Swedish Register Data. This paper analyzes the role of age at immigration for the school performance gap between native and immigrant pupils by exploiting within-family variation. The critical age is about nine, above which there is a strong negative impact on performance. The results are similar for boys and girls, but vary by region of origin. A comparison of sibling-difference and cross-sectional estimates reveals striking similarities. Integration of Childhood Immigrants in the Short and in the Long Run: Swedish Evidence. I study childhood immigrants at different stages in life in order to examine the role of age at immigration for educational and labor market outcomes. I find that childhood immigrants tend later to recover strongly in terms of educational achievement. Yet, the same individuals are on average found to be poorly integrated into the labor market. Life-Cycle Variations in the Association between Current and Lifetime Income: Replication and Extension for Sweden. We apply a generalized errors-in-variables model, recently developed by Steven Haider and Gary Solon, in order to produce estimates of the association between current and lifetime income. We find strong life-cycle patterns. This implies that the widespread use of current income as a proxy for lifetime income leads to inconsistent estimates even when the proxy is used as the dependent variable. We find country similarities, but gender and cohort differences.
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| 3. |
- Holmlund, Bertil, et al.
(författare)
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Arbetsmarknaden
- 2006
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Hägglund, Pathric, 1971-
(författare)
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Natural and Classical Experiments in Swedish Labour Market Policy
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- "Effects of Changes in the Unemployment Insurance Eligibility Requirements on Job Duration — Swedish Evidence" This paper investigates the impact of the unemployment insurance (UI) entrance requirement on employment duration among earlier unemployed in Sweden. I exploit changes in the rule taking place in 1994 and 1997 to study behavioural adjustments in the timing of job separation between 1992, 1996, and 1998. Performing across-year analyses, I find evidence of clustering of job exits at the time of UI qualification. By using predicted hazard rates for each week, I calculate an approximate 2.9-week extension in average employment duration between 1996 and 1998 due to the 5-week prolonging of the entrance requirement. "Job-search Assistance Using the Internet – Experiences from a Swedish Randomised Experiment" This paper reports the experience from a randomised experiment offering voluntary job-search assistance on the Internet to job seekers at Swedish public employment offices. The purpose is to, i) investigate to what extent the evaluation design manages to avoid common difficulties in experimental evaluation, ii) assess the effect of the programme on the employment outcome, and iii) use the nonbiased experimental results as a benchmark evaluating the performance of frequent nonexperimental estimators. I find that the evaluation design successfully circumvents inherent difficulties in the experimental approach, such as ethical concerns, bureaucratic behaviour and randomisation bias. However, the voluntariness of the programme caused severe compliance problems in terms of both no-shows and dropouts. This is accounted for by analysing the effect of the “intent-to-treat” (the policy parameter of most interest), which is close to zero. Studying the effects of various doses of actual treatment, using an nonexperimental instrumental variable model, I fail to reject the hypothesis of a zero programme effect. Finally, a methodological comparison suggests that standard nonexperimental techniques succeed in reproducing the nonbiased experimental results. "Are there Pre-programme Effects of Swedish Active Labour Market Policies – Evidence from Three Randomised Experiments" This paper takes advantage of unique experimental data from three demonstration programmes in 2004 to investigate pre-programme incentive effects of active placement efforts at the employment offices in Sweden. The exit rate from unemployment between referral to and start of the programme services is compared between UI eligible experiment and control group members. The results are mixed. In one of the experiments, targeted towards a broad group of UI receivers, arranged job-search activities in groups combined with increased monitoring of job-search efforts generated a 38 per cent increase in the escape rate from unemployment in the weeks leading up to programme start. This translates into an almost two-week reduction of the ongoing UI spell. Referrals to increased monitoring alone did not have the same effect on exit behaviour. In the other two experiments, targeted towards youth and highly educated respectively, referrals to active placement efforts had no effect on the pre-programme outflow.
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| 6. |
- Lönnermark, Anders, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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CFD-simulation of under-ventilated fires - Comparison to experimental results
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To investigate how different configurations in a large room affect the smoke spread andtemperature during a fire, eleven tests were performed. The tests scenario was built in scale1:2 and can be described as a large room with small ventilation openings near the floor. Thefire tests were simulated using the CFD (computational fluid dynamics) code FDS (FireDynamics Simulator). To see how well FDS simulates under-ventilated fires, both wellventilated and under-ventilated cases were selected for the validation. Gas temperaturesand oxygen concentrations for the experiments and the simulations, respectively, arecompared. The results of the validation show that the combustion model (mixture fractioncombustion model), with empirical amendments for when the fire is allowed to burn, is verysensitive to changes in the oxygen level.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Lönnermark, Anders, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Smoke Spread and Gas Temperatures during Fires in Retail Premises - Experiments and CFD Simulations
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In analytical solutions, e.g. for evacuation design, the use of computer programs for simulating the smoke spread is common. In recent years a group of computer codes named CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) codes has emerged as an engineering tool for describing smoke spread. The CFD codes need to be compared against experimental data so that they can be fully validated. To investigate how different configurations in a retail premises affect the smoke spread and temperatures during a fire, 11 tests were performed. The tests scenario was built in scale 1:2 and can be described as a large room with small ventilation openings near the floor. The configuration parameters were: different fire sizes, different fire positions and different shelf configurations. Heptane pools were used to represent the fires. Three different fire sizes were used and during the test with the largest fire size, 650 mm × 650 mm, the test conditions became under-ventilated, i.e., there was insufficient oxygen available to allow stoichiometric combustion of all evaporated fuel. For the simulations conducted as part of this work, the focus was on under-ventilated fires. However, the experimental results for all of the tests are presented and discussed. The fire tests were simulated using the CFD code FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator). To see how well FDS simulates under-ventilated fires, both well ventilated and under-ventilated cases were selected for the validation. Gas temperatures and oxygen concentration for the experiments and the simulations, respectively, are compared. Different types of meshes for the simulations and different ways of modelling the fire were used. The results of the validation show that the combustion model (mixture fraction combustion model) with empirical amendments for when the fire is allowed to burn, is very sensitive to changes in the oxygen level. The comparison between the experimental data and the simulation indicates that FDS easily can underestimate the oxygen level and thereby the heat release rate which, in turn, creates an underestimation of the temperatures. The validation has shown that the simple empirical expression used for when the fire is allowed to burn is very sensitive and if used without proper understanding it may produce large differences between the experiments and the simulations. It is also clear that the temperatures for well ventilated cases may be overestimated and that the use of visibility and toxicity (soot and carbon monoxide yields) are related to uncertainties. It should also be noted that there are cases where the temperature from the simulations and the temperature measurements correspond relatively well with each other and yet other cases when the simulated temperature is higher than the measured temperature. This depends on the simulation case, the position in the set-up and the time period compared.
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