| 1. |
- Bondemark, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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A Self-directed Summative Examination in Problem-based Learning in Dentistry : a New Approach
- 2004
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Ingår i: Medical teacher. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0142-159X .- 1466-187X. ; 26:1, s. 46-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper describes and evaluates a new method of assessment in PBL, which was developed with two cohorts of dental students. The method involves students in PBL groups designing PBL problems and assessment tasks that are in line with the objectives of the course and the principles of PBL. Construction of tasks and feedback were provided. The student groups based the summative assessment on a selection of the PBL assessments provided. The evaluation indicates that senior students are capable of designing challenging PBL assessment tasks that are in line with course objectives and PBL principles. This experience raised the pass rates of the students compared those of with earlier cohorts of students. The students rated the method favourably; they considered it enabled them to demonstrate their competences and that it was more closely in line with PBL principles than other methods of assessment that they had experienced. The method is a promising innovation, which could be used in a variety of PBL courses.
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| 2. |
- Bondemark, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Separation Effect and Perception of Pain and Discomfort from two Types of Orthodontic Separators.
- 2004
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Ingår i: World Journal of Orthodontics. - 1530-5678 .- 1941-6741. ; 5:2, s. 172-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- AIM: To examine two types of orthodontic separators, focusing on the separating effect and patients' perception of pain and discomfort. METHODS: The separators tested were spring-type and elastomeric separators. Thirty teenagers participated, and all were scheduled for treatment with a fixed orthodontic appliance. Two spring-type and two elastomeric separators were placed alternately in the left or the right quadrant. After a separation period of 5 days, the amount of separation was measured with a leaf gauge. Nine questionnaires with visual analogue scales and questions with fixed answers were used to register the patient perceptions. RESULTS: The mean separation was 0.3 mm for the spring-type and 0.4 mm for the elastomeric separators (P < .05). The springs were considered less painful than the elastomerics, but the difference was not statistically significant. For both separators, the pain was worst at day 2 and subsided almost completely by day 5. Due to pain, 14 of the 30 patients changed their food habits, and 13 took analgesics. CONCLUSIONS: The separation effect of the two separators was considered clinically equivalent and since pain of moderate intensity occurs during the separation period, analgesics and soft food can be recommended.
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| 3. |
- Paulsson, Liselotte, et al.
(författare)
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A Systematic Review of the Consequences of Premature Birth on Palatal Morphology, Dental Occlusion, Tooth-crown Dimensions, and Tooth Maturity and Eruption
- 2004
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Ingår i: Angle orthodontist. - : Angle Society. - 0003-3219 .- 1945-7103. ; 74:2, s. 269-279
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Forskningsöversikt (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This systematic review addresses the question whether prematurity re-sults in alteration of palatal morphology, dental occlusion, tooth-crown dimensions, and tooth maturation. A literature survey from the PubMed database covering the period from January 1966 to Novem-ber 2002 used the Medical Subject Headings terms "infant, prema-ture," and "infant, low birth weight" in combination with "jaws," "dental physiology," "dentition," and "tooth abnormalities." Con-trolled studies written in English and with definitions of premature birth according to the World Health Organization were selected. Two reviewers selected and extracted the data independently and also as-sessed the quality of the studies. The search strategy resulted in 113 articles, of which 13 met the inclusion criteria. Scientific evidence was found for altered palatal morphology in the short term among the premature children, and oral intubation was a contributing factor to the alterations. If corrected age was considered for the premature chil-dren, no delay in dental development and eruption was found com-pared with normally born children. Thus, the early birth of premature children must be taken in account when planning for orthodontic treatment. Because of the contradictory results and lack of longitudi-nal studies, the scientific evidence was too weak to answer the ques-tions whether premature birth causes permanent alteration of palatal morphology, alteration of dental occlusion, and altered tooth-crown dimensions. To answer these questions and obtain reliable scientific evidence whether premature children are at risk for malocclusions from possible alterations of palatal morphology such as asymmetry and high arched palates, further well-designed controlled studies as well as longitudinal studies are needed.
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| 4. |
- Petrén, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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A systematic review concerning early orthodontic treatment of unilateral posterior cross-bite
- 2003
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Ingår i: Angle orthodontist. - : Angle Society. - 0003-3219 .- 1945-7103. ; 73:5, s. 588-596
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Forskningsöversikt (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study was to assess the orthodontic treatment effects on unilateral posterior crossbite in the primary and early mixed dentition by systematically reviewing the literature. A literature search was performed by applying the Medline database (Entrez PubMed) and covering the period from January 1966 to October 2002. The inclusion criteria were primary and early mixed dentition with unilateral posterior crossbite, randomized controlled trials (RCT), prospective and retrospective studies with concurrent untreated as well as normal controls, and clinical trials comparing at least two treatment strategies without any untreated or normal group involved. Two reviewers extracted the data independently and also assessed the quality of the studies. The search strategy resulted in 1001 articles, and 12 met the inclusion criteria. Two RCTs of early treatment of crossbite have been performed, and these two studies support grinding as treatment in the primary dentition. There is no scientific evidence available to show which of the treatment modalities, grinding, Quad-helix, expansion plates, or rapid maxillary expansion, is the most effective. Most of the studies have serious problems of lack of power because of small sample size, bias and confounding variables, lack of method error analysis, blinding in measurements, and deficient or lack of statistical methods. To obtain reliable scientific evidence, better-controlled RCTs with sufficient ample sizes are needed to determine which treatment is the most effective for early correction of unilateral posterior crossbite. Future studies should also include assessments of long-term stability as well as analysis of costs and side effects of the interventions.
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